International Journal of Educational Research最新文献

The transformational nature of the 21st century in all aspects of life has brought unprecedented changes to the teaching and learning process highlighting the paradigm shift and redefining the purpose and delivery of education. Ubiquitous and innovative Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, being one of the defining (r) evolutions of our modern era accelerated by the recent introduction of free, accessible, and highly upgraded language models, have stirred a debate on the broader implications of AI on education, teaching, learning and assessment. On one hand, the integration of AI in education, particularly, in classroom practices has been seen as a potential solution to pressing challenges and barriers in dismantling industry model of education which is considered to be outdated and misaligned with the 21st century demands. Notwithstanding, the flip side of the coin presents a different picture as to whether AI is a potential threat, rather than a solution, to acquisition of knowledge, academic honesty and integrity, critical thinking skills and teacher-student relationships. Against the backdrop of such critical debate, it is crucially significant to establish a common understanding of the concept and implications of AI through the lens of stakeholder perceptions and expectations. Thus, this study explored the views and perceptions of 11 educators across the GCC on the impact of AI on teaching and learning process focusing on whether AI should be seen as evolution or a revolution in the field of education. The participants were selected based on the set of diverse criteria, like the curriculum setting they teach/manage in, their current position and the country they are based in. The findings revealed that in general, educators are quite optimistic about and open to the use of AI in education, its potential benefits and opportunities to improve teaching and learning, however, they cited lack of understanding and training in using AI tools in classroom instruction, assessment etc. as one of the most important barriers to its use. They also cited socio-cultural reservations, systematic resistance to change, lack of structured policies and available resources as factors inhibiting its use in education in the GCC region. The study concluded that there is a need for structured policy frameworks and guidelines on the use of AI in education in the context of GCC for better integration and migitation of its risks.

This study investigates the significant yet under-examined role of international student returnees in catalysing societal development in their home countries. Through systematic mapping and thematic synthesis of 53 articles selected from an initial pool of 1515, this review delineates the literature’s portrayal of returnees’ impacts across various domains, including firm growth, industrial innovation, higher education, research, social diversity, equity, inclusion, democracy, and civic engagement. While highlighting the skills, knowledge, and resilience students garner abroad—facilitating innovative problem-solving and engagement in their countries—the study concurrently points out the emerging nature and methodological limitations of the extant literature. This review identifies critical gaps in the literature on international student returnees. It notes a lack of global evidence and an overemphasis on certain geographical contexts which questions the generalisability of the findings. Furthermore, there is a narrow focus on economic and political impacts, overlooking crucial areas like poverty reduction and environmental sustainability. Equally important is the absence of comparative studies between returnees and local counterparts. This lack of comparative studies highlights the need to distinguish the unique effects of international versus domestic higher education. This review not only advances academic understanding by systematically mapping the underexplored nexus between international student mobility and societal development but also offers implications for policy. By delineating the transformative potential of returnees and highlighting the importance of conducive environments, it underscores the necessity of informed, strategic interventions to maximise returnees’ societal contributions. In doing so, the study acknowledges existing gaps and methodological limitations within the literature, advocating for a more nuanced and evidence-based approach to leveraging international education for sustainable development.

The study examines the effectiveness of Punjab's Public Private Partnership (PPP) programmes in Education in improving value-added math, English and Urdu test scores for grade four pupils. The use of an instrumental variable (IV) approach was possible to assess the impact of PPP schooling on student achievement for two (out of four) PPP programmes. Using the IV approach, the study finds that of the various PPP models being implemented in Punjab, only the private school subsidy programme has a positive, statistically significant association with math student achievement, with students scoring 0.5 standard deviations higher than public school students. However, an Oster (2019) bias adjustment procedure suggests the magnitude of the effect may be overstated. This study finds no evidence that PPP schools are more effective than public schools at improving learning outcomes for socio-economically disadvantaged students.

The climate and culture of a school is a key predictor of student engagement, motivation, and achievement. This study investigates ways of detecting educators’ ways of thinking about three major dimensions of culture and climate: developing a sense of belonging, identities, and equity. A Delphi study was used to identify the highest priority mindframes. For the first round, 25 mindframes were identified, and 47 experts were invited to rate and comment. In the second round, 82 experts responded to a reduced set of 19 items. This study shows the core elements of how educators see the culture and climate of their schools and classrooms, and the resulting set of questions can be used to foster further dialogue and improvements to schools.

In recent years, Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) has been emphasised, specifically in English language teaching. Therefore, investigating English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ perceptions of ESD is a fundamental first step in developing effective EFL curricula and teaching policies. Consequently, this study delved into the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ perceptions of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), examining its role in EFL teaching methodologies and identifying the challenges faced in integrating ESD within the Turkish educational context. In-depth interview data (IDI) was collected from 28 in-service Turkish EFL teachers. Utilising qualitative content analysis (QCA) with open, axial, and selective coding, we found out that Turkish EFL teachers’ perceptions of ESD are multifaceted and shaped by the interdisciplinary nature of EFL teaching, which is fed by Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL). The findings showed that EFL teachers: (1) conceptualised ESD as being related to learning for sustainable practices addressing social, economic and environmental dimensions, and linked ESD to a lifelong learning process that should be implemented at all education levels and supported by critical thinking and problem-solving skills; (2) thought English classes provide ideal venues to teach multiple topics including sustainability, thus reported it as a key responsibility for them to instil in their students, and (3) felt that ESD has yet to be sufficiently reflected in EFL curriculum due to some obstacles such as narrow focus on ESD, limited contact hours of English and lack of parental awareness of ESD. The findings mainly emphasised the significance of an extensive and holistic coverage of ESD at all education levels through engaging and hands-on in-class activities. Further practical suggestions are also provided regarding how EFL teaching policies may be developed to better integrate ESD.

This study aims to provide quantitative evidence regarding school principals’ time use by employing Latent Class Analysis (LCA) and multinominal logistic regression to the 2018 Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) data from 47 societies. We examined (1) how principals spend their time across different societies by developing a global typology and (2) what macro (national) and micro (organizational) level contextual factors, as well as principals’ demographic characteristics, predict principals’ association with the identified typology. The results suggest four distinguishable categories of principal leadership in terms of their time use: Balanced Leadership, Administrative Leadership, Instructional Leadership, and Student-Centered Leadership. Several contextual (national and organizational) and individual variables influencing principals’ prioritization of their leadership responsibilities were also identified.

From the perspective of neoliberal governmentality, this study sets out to investigate the linear relation from agency to performance through a survey of junior-high-school teachers’ (n = 2,319) attitudes toward performance management. While this linear relationship is documented, the best model of the SEM analysis shows that intermediates positively mediate this linkage. It also distinguishes a theoretical path for the six factors, commencing from self-consciousness, technologies of agency, human capital, international competitiveness, to responsible subjects and finally technologies of performance. Unlike the Western literature, self-discipline serves as the primary element calibrating respondents’ perceptions of performativity. As this unique feature, resulting from Chinese culture, objectifies teachers’ subjectivities, self-discipline is embedded within the agency-performance association carrying out the mission of human capital discourse.

This study explored the relationship between tablet/computer use for at-home schoolwork and reading achievement using 2016 U.S. data from the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study. Multilevel analysis revealed that weekly and daily users had lower reading achievement than non-users, with gender moderating these associations. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that monthly users in the advanced-performing group had higher reading achievement than non-users, while daily users in the high-performing group had lower reading achievement. We suggest personalized support for primary school students, tailored to their reading proficiency, to improve their device use for at-home schoolwork and enhance their reading abilities. This research advances our understanding of the intricate relationship between digital device use and reading achievement, providing insights for educational stakeholders.

This study explores the growing trend of teachers working outside their profession in Türkiye, examining the causes, effects, and implications for their educational duties. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 public school teachers using a phenomenological method, and the data was evaluated through content analysis. Economic challenges were identified as the primary reason for extra employment, with participants expressing concerns over their financial stability and their children's future. It was found that extra jobs diverted teachers' attention away from their primary profession, negatively impacting their intellectual responsibilities. Based on the findings, it is essential to address teachers' financial challenges through targeted reforms to reduce their need for additional employment, thereby allowing them to focus fully on their educational responsibilities.

While educational expansion is often acknowledged as a driving force in poverty reduction, there has been limited scholarly exploration of the influence of international higher education on poverty alleviation. With the dramatic surge of international student mobility, tripling from two million in 1997 to over six million by 2021, previous research has predominantly focused on individual benefits such as skill acquisition and labour market outcomes, overlooking the broader societal effects in students’ home countries. This study examines how international higher education influences poverty reduction in the home countries of students from low- and middle-income nations, drawing on a theoretical framework rooted in transnationalism. Employing dynamic panel data analysis with the System Generalised Method of Moments approach on data from 1999 to 2018, this study finds that while the immediate effect of international student mobility on reducing extreme poverty is not significant, its long-term association over a fifteen-year period is significant. These results suggest the transformative potential of international higher education for sustainable development, emphasising its systemic and long-term effects in poverty alleviation. Our research highlights that policy interventions expanding access to international higher education could be an important element of poverty reduction strategies in low- and middle-income countries.