Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.1177/10776990241260833
Hwanseok Song, Ilwoo Ju, Temi Wright
Extending theorization on bystander intervention, this study examined antecedents of upstanding, a communication practice in which bystanders communicate disapproval to norm violators, using the context of mask wearing during COVID-19. Survey findings from undergraduate students revealed that perceived legitimacy of intervention played a key role in decisions to stand up to mask norm violators. In addition, anticipation of hostile responses from the confronted party and bystander indifference discouraged upstanding behavior or intentions. Participants also expected to receive less support from bystanders in a hypothetical episode as an upstander than what they intended to offer an upstander as a bystander.
{"title":"Standing Up to the Maskless: Antecedents of Norm Enforcement Behavior and Meta-Norm Misperception During COVID-19 at a College Campus","authors":"Hwanseok Song, Ilwoo Ju, Temi Wright","doi":"10.1177/10776990241260833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10776990241260833","url":null,"abstract":"Extending theorization on bystander intervention, this study examined antecedents of upstanding, a communication practice in which bystanders communicate disapproval to norm violators, using the context of mask wearing during COVID-19. Survey findings from undergraduate students revealed that perceived legitimacy of intervention played a key role in decisions to stand up to mask norm violators. In addition, anticipation of hostile responses from the confronted party and bystander indifference discouraged upstanding behavior or intentions. Participants also expected to receive less support from bystanders in a hypothetical episode as an upstander than what they intended to offer an upstander as a bystander.","PeriodicalId":48095,"journal":{"name":"Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141872591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.1177/10776990241262345
Renita Coleman, H. Denis Wu
This study tracks the affective agendas in the media’s portrayals of the nonverbal behavior of the 2016 presidential candidates, and then shows how these media portrayals are related to voters’ emotional valence. It also gauges the relationship of disgust to voting intention, comparing it with anger, fear, hope, and pride, as well as other established demographic predictors and party affiliation. Findings show that valence-based emotions as conveyed via candidates’ nonverbal behaviors are associated with viewers’ emotional valence; that is, emotional-affective agenda setting has occurred. It also demonstrates that disgust predicts vote choice as well or better than anger and fear.
{"title":"“There Was Blood Coming Out of Her Eyes . . .”: Emotional-Affective Agenda Setting and Disgust in the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election","authors":"Renita Coleman, H. Denis Wu","doi":"10.1177/10776990241262345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10776990241262345","url":null,"abstract":"This study tracks the affective agendas in the media’s portrayals of the nonverbal behavior of the 2016 presidential candidates, and then shows how these media portrayals are related to voters’ emotional valence. It also gauges the relationship of disgust to voting intention, comparing it with anger, fear, hope, and pride, as well as other established demographic predictors and party affiliation. Findings show that valence-based emotions as conveyed via candidates’ nonverbal behaviors are associated with viewers’ emotional valence; that is, emotional-affective agenda setting has occurred. It also demonstrates that disgust predicts vote choice as well or better than anger and fear.","PeriodicalId":48095,"journal":{"name":"Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141872482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1177/10776990241261725
Regina Cazzamatta
This article evaluates the extent of social media policing in fact-checking (as opposed to verifying public figures’ statements) and the thematic convergence across eight countries in Europe and Latin America. Based on audience reach, we collected links from various organizations (independent outlets, legacy media, or global news agencies). A representative stratified sample of 25% resulted in 3,154 articles. Among the findings, the trend of social media policing prevails across countries and organizations, except for most European legacy media. Independent news-born fact-checking organizations follow a convergent path, sharing more similarities with their global counterparts than their national media peers.
{"title":"The Content Homogenization of Fact-Checking Through Platform Partnerships: A Comparison Between Eight Countries","authors":"Regina Cazzamatta","doi":"10.1177/10776990241261725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10776990241261725","url":null,"abstract":"This article evaluates the extent of social media policing in fact-checking (as opposed to verifying public figures’ statements) and the thematic convergence across eight countries in Europe and Latin America. Based on audience reach, we collected links from various organizations (independent outlets, legacy media, or global news agencies). A representative stratified sample of 25% resulted in 3,154 articles. Among the findings, the trend of social media policing prevails across countries and organizations, except for most European legacy media. Independent news-born fact-checking organizations follow a convergent path, sharing more similarities with their global counterparts than their national media peers.","PeriodicalId":48095,"journal":{"name":"Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1177/10776990241263005
Ewa Nowak-Teter
This study explores how social media logic combined with mass media logic challenges the practice of news journalism. By operationalizing different media logics through the relevant sets of news factors and using in-depth expert interviews with journalists (social media editors, SMEs; 24) on Facebook, we examine the practical side of applying social media logic principles in news journalism. The findings highlight a conflict between professional independence and the need to practice news journalism according to Facebook’s principles, arising from editorial ambitions for original reporting, and the pressure to deliver metrics-driven stories.
{"title":"How to Reconcile Water and Fire: Social Media Logic and Journalistic Independence","authors":"Ewa Nowak-Teter","doi":"10.1177/10776990241263005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10776990241263005","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores how social media logic combined with mass media logic challenges the practice of news journalism. By operationalizing different media logics through the relevant sets of news factors and using in-depth expert interviews with journalists (social media editors, SMEs; 24) on Facebook, we examine the practical side of applying social media logic principles in news journalism. The findings highlight a conflict between professional independence and the need to practice news journalism according to Facebook’s principles, arising from editorial ambitions for original reporting, and the pressure to deliver metrics-driven stories.","PeriodicalId":48095,"journal":{"name":"Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1177/10776990241262348
Christopher E. Beaudoin
This study builds a multilevel model of the influence of media information use and neighborhood risk factors on preventive behaviors. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City, multilevel modeling was implemented with individual-level survey data from 2020 ( N = 995) and community-level data from 2019 and 2020 from databases ( N = 41). The predominant effects were at the individual level, including information scanning having more common significant effects on the behavioral outcomes than information seeking. Community-level crime and poverty rates also had significant effects, and four significant cross-level interactions show how community-level risk factors moderate the effects of information scanning.
{"title":"A Multilevel Study of Preventive Behavioral Outcomes: The Relative and Interactive Influences of Media Information Use and Neighborhood Risk Factors","authors":"Christopher E. Beaudoin","doi":"10.1177/10776990241262348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10776990241262348","url":null,"abstract":"This study builds a multilevel model of the influence of media information use and neighborhood risk factors on preventive behaviors. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City, multilevel modeling was implemented with individual-level survey data from 2020 ( N = 995) and community-level data from 2019 and 2020 from databases ( N = 41). The predominant effects were at the individual level, including information scanning having more common significant effects on the behavioral outcomes than information seeking. Community-level crime and poverty rates also had significant effects, and four significant cross-level interactions show how community-level risk factors moderate the effects of information scanning.","PeriodicalId":48095,"journal":{"name":"Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1177/10776990241257588
Jinie Pak, Hyang-Sook Kim
Despite current practices of social media platforms, scholars have not confirmed whether content moderation facilitates community participation. Based on 1,739 submission threads and 21,237 associated comments on a COVID-19 U.S. subreddit, we found that content labels that cued high-source credibility (HSC) predicted more voting and commenting behaviors than content labels that cued low-source credibility (LSC). Further examination of the potential mediation of discrete emotions revealed that HSC cues evoked more emotion than LSC cues for all discrete emotions. However, only positive emotions (i.e., joy, trust, and anticipation) encouraged voting, while a mixed pattern across emotions emerged for commenting.
{"title":"The Role of Content Labeling and Discrete Emotions in User Participation in a COVID-19 U.S. Reddit Community","authors":"Jinie Pak, Hyang-Sook Kim","doi":"10.1177/10776990241257588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10776990241257588","url":null,"abstract":"Despite current practices of social media platforms, scholars have not confirmed whether content moderation facilitates community participation. Based on 1,739 submission threads and 21,237 associated comments on a COVID-19 U.S. subreddit, we found that content labels that cued high-source credibility (HSC) predicted more voting and commenting behaviors than content labels that cued low-source credibility (LSC). Further examination of the potential mediation of discrete emotions revealed that HSC cues evoked more emotion than LSC cues for all discrete emotions. However, only positive emotions (i.e., joy, trust, and anticipation) encouraged voting, while a mixed pattern across emotions emerged for commenting.","PeriodicalId":48095,"journal":{"name":"Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1177/10776990241260835
Nate Floyd
This article examines how the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938 became a catalyst for specialized accreditation in journalism. It analyzes the rhetoric and boundary work of the American Society of Newspaper Editors and the American Association of Schools and Departments of Journalism as they sought professional status for journalism. When the newspaper industry challenged the FLSA in court, these groups intensified efforts to develop an authoritative accrediting body. This study utilizes historical and archival documents to explore the dynamics surrounding journalism’s professionalization project. It demonstrates how regulatory pressures transformed soft power claims into institutionalized standards for journalism education.
{"title":"Boundary Work, Journalism Education, and the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938","authors":"Nate Floyd","doi":"10.1177/10776990241260835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10776990241260835","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines how the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938 became a catalyst for specialized accreditation in journalism. It analyzes the rhetoric and boundary work of the American Society of Newspaper Editors and the American Association of Schools and Departments of Journalism as they sought professional status for journalism. When the newspaper industry challenged the FLSA in court, these groups intensified efforts to develop an authoritative accrediting body. This study utilizes historical and archival documents to explore the dynamics surrounding journalism’s professionalization project. It demonstrates how regulatory pressures transformed soft power claims into institutionalized standards for journalism education.","PeriodicalId":48095,"journal":{"name":"Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1177/10776990241257586
Stephanie Geise, Yi Xu
Framing is considered an important theoretical perspective for analyzing the influence of media information. Despite the explicit inclusion of visual elements within established frame definitions, visuals have long been marginalized in framing research. Based on a systematic review of 552 articles addressing visual framing, this article closely investigates 72 empirical studies on visual/multimodal framing effects. Drawing on framing as a multidimensional process, we discuss how existing studies have examined the sensory, affective, cognitive, and behavioral dimensions of impact. We explain the rising importance of visual communication and multimodality and conclude with implications for mass communication and visual journalism.
{"title":"Effects of Visual Framing in Multimodal Media Environments: A Systematic Review of Studies Between 1979 and 2023","authors":"Stephanie Geise, Yi Xu","doi":"10.1177/10776990241257586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10776990241257586","url":null,"abstract":"Framing is considered an important theoretical perspective for analyzing the influence of media information. Despite the explicit inclusion of visual elements within established frame definitions, visuals have long been marginalized in framing research. Based on a systematic review of 552 articles addressing visual framing, this article closely investigates 72 empirical studies on visual/multimodal framing effects. Drawing on framing as a multidimensional process, we discuss how existing studies have examined the sensory, affective, cognitive, and behavioral dimensions of impact. We explain the rising importance of visual communication and multimodality and conclude with implications for mass communication and visual journalism.","PeriodicalId":48095,"journal":{"name":"Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1177/10776990241260832
Rebecca R. Donaway, David E. Silva, Myiah J. Hutchens
Presidential elections typically follow a consistent pattern of news coverage. After the 2016 election, the news media faced intense criticism, a process called metajournalistic discourse. This research seeks to understand how election coverage may have shifted in 2020 considering this public scrutiny. By conducting a quantitative content analysis of news posted on Facebook during the 2016 and 2020 U.S. presidential campaigns, we show that despite self-reflective calls to do better, much of the campaign coverage remained unchanged in 2020. Finally, we detail how election coverage from traditional, partisan, and online-first networks evolved (or not) between 2016 and 2020.
{"title":"Different Year, (Mostly) Same Coverage: Comparing the 2016 and 2020 Election News Posted on Facebook","authors":"Rebecca R. Donaway, David E. Silva, Myiah J. Hutchens","doi":"10.1177/10776990241260832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10776990241260832","url":null,"abstract":"Presidential elections typically follow a consistent pattern of news coverage. After the 2016 election, the news media faced intense criticism, a process called metajournalistic discourse. This research seeks to understand how election coverage may have shifted in 2020 considering this public scrutiny. By conducting a quantitative content analysis of news posted on Facebook during the 2016 and 2020 U.S. presidential campaigns, we show that despite self-reflective calls to do better, much of the campaign coverage remained unchanged in 2020. Finally, we detail how election coverage from traditional, partisan, and online-first networks evolved (or not) between 2016 and 2020.","PeriodicalId":48095,"journal":{"name":"Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1177/10776990241261723
Christopher Wilson, Tyler G. Page, Edward E. Adams
In response to calls for more public relations historical research in sectors outside business and before the 20th century, this research examines the communication efforts of American peace societies from the early to mid-1800s. It finds that peace societies demonstrated strategic intent, honored human agency, and employed full-time public relations practitioners. In addition, this research documents a nondenominational reform movement applying the strategic communication systems developed by American evangelical Christianity. Moreover, it pushes back the boundaries of the earliest known use of a religious public relations strategy by a social reform movement by 65 years.
{"title":"The American Peace Movement’s Use of Religious Influence and “The Pulpit” as a Public Relations Strategy in the Early 1800s","authors":"Christopher Wilson, Tyler G. Page, Edward E. Adams","doi":"10.1177/10776990241261723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10776990241261723","url":null,"abstract":"In response to calls for more public relations historical research in sectors outside business and before the 20th century, this research examines the communication efforts of American peace societies from the early to mid-1800s. It finds that peace societies demonstrated strategic intent, honored human agency, and employed full-time public relations practitioners. In addition, this research documents a nondenominational reform movement applying the strategic communication systems developed by American evangelical Christianity. Moreover, it pushes back the boundaries of the earliest known use of a religious public relations strategy by a social reform movement by 65 years.","PeriodicalId":48095,"journal":{"name":"Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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