Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1017/S1537592723001524
R. Suny
{"title":"The Neighborhood Effect: The Imperial Roots of Regional Fracture in Eurasia. By Anna Ohanyan. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2022. 312p. $65.00 cloth.","authors":"R. Suny","doi":"10.1017/S1537592723001524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592723001524","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48097,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Politics","volume":"21 1","pages":"1142 - 1143"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43570484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1017/s1537592723001135
R. Hamlin
North. Crossing then describes how Global South states developed and signed regional refugee agreements—the Organization of African Unity Convention of 1969 and the 1984 Cartagena Declaration on Refugees—to address their concerns with the global regime (pp. 99-107). While these regional agreements represent key fixtures of Global South resistance and solidarity, case studies of treatment of Syrians in the Middle East and Venezuelans in Latin America reveal how the migrant/refugee binary continues to structure political responses and public opinion toward mass displacement. Hamlin also provides illustrative case studies of Europe and the United States to show how the labels affixed to people on the move structure political discourse in both the North and South. In both cases, the problem with maintaining the binary is that it obscures external causes of displacement and allows contemporary anti-migrant sentiment to fester. For example, recognizing that the United States’ interventions in Central America sowed the seeds of contemporary mass movements breaks down the necessity of the migrant/refugee distinction, and it raises important questions about the rights of those affected by such coercive interventions. Crossing’s exploration of the origin and effect of the migrant/refugee binary puts it at the center of modern migration debates. However, this centrality, scope, and ambition also raise several further questions. First, what is the role of race in perpetuating themigrant/refugee binary? Hamlin selectively touches on issues of race, most notably in its discussions of colonialism (pp. 30, 34-36) and European responses to Mediterranean arrivals (p. 123). Yet, while these discussions reveal that racial discrimination and white supremacy likely shaped the emergence of restrictive migration policies and unequal sovereignty in the postwar era, there is little discussion of the role race played in the construction of the migrant/refugee binary itself. Hamlin discusses how the terms “migrant” and “refugee” are politically constructed to minimize the suffering and exploitation of the non-white Global South. But racial perceptions seem to lurk in that minimization, and they go undiscussed. For instance, we learn that the migrant/refugee binary allowsGlobal North states to avoid acknowledging how colonialism caused mass migration and displacement. But how do racialized perceptions lead European publics to assume that migrants are undesirable economic actors? A second question is how we should think about solutions to the migrant/refugee binary. This problem is thorny because the binary has become received wisdom in the scholarly, lay, and policy-making communities. This ideology is difficult to subvert because, as several chapters in Crossing reveal, politicians and citizens use it to warrant restrictive migration policies. But what should be done? Hamlin implores us to “move beyond binary” thinking, which she associates with avoiding discussing the culp
{"title":"Response to Andrew S. Rosenberg’s Review of Crossing: How We Label and React to People on the Move","authors":"R. Hamlin","doi":"10.1017/s1537592723001135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1537592723001135","url":null,"abstract":"North. Crossing then describes how Global South states developed and signed regional refugee agreements—the Organization of African Unity Convention of 1969 and the 1984 Cartagena Declaration on Refugees—to address their concerns with the global regime (pp. 99-107). While these regional agreements represent key fixtures of Global South resistance and solidarity, case studies of treatment of Syrians in the Middle East and Venezuelans in Latin America reveal how the migrant/refugee binary continues to structure political responses and public opinion toward mass displacement. Hamlin also provides illustrative case studies of Europe and the United States to show how the labels affixed to people on the move structure political discourse in both the North and South. In both cases, the problem with maintaining the binary is that it obscures external causes of displacement and allows contemporary anti-migrant sentiment to fester. For example, recognizing that the United States’ interventions in Central America sowed the seeds of contemporary mass movements breaks down the necessity of the migrant/refugee distinction, and it raises important questions about the rights of those affected by such coercive interventions. Crossing’s exploration of the origin and effect of the migrant/refugee binary puts it at the center of modern migration debates. However, this centrality, scope, and ambition also raise several further questions. First, what is the role of race in perpetuating themigrant/refugee binary? Hamlin selectively touches on issues of race, most notably in its discussions of colonialism (pp. 30, 34-36) and European responses to Mediterranean arrivals (p. 123). Yet, while these discussions reveal that racial discrimination and white supremacy likely shaped the emergence of restrictive migration policies and unequal sovereignty in the postwar era, there is little discussion of the role race played in the construction of the migrant/refugee binary itself. Hamlin discusses how the terms “migrant” and “refugee” are politically constructed to minimize the suffering and exploitation of the non-white Global South. But racial perceptions seem to lurk in that minimization, and they go undiscussed. For instance, we learn that the migrant/refugee binary allowsGlobal North states to avoid acknowledging how colonialism caused mass migration and displacement. But how do racialized perceptions lead European publics to assume that migrants are undesirable economic actors? A second question is how we should think about solutions to the migrant/refugee binary. This problem is thorny because the binary has become received wisdom in the scholarly, lay, and policy-making communities. This ideology is difficult to subvert because, as several chapters in Crossing reveal, politicians and citizens use it to warrant restrictive migration policies. But what should be done? Hamlin implores us to “move beyond binary” thinking, which she associates with avoiding discussing the culp","PeriodicalId":48097,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Politics","volume":"21 1","pages":"1052 - 1053"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43790987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1017/S1537592723001925
M. Bernhard, Daniel I. O’neill
This issue marks the last of our six years as the editorial team of Perspectives on Politics. It has been both a richly rewarding and exhausting journey, as well as a labor of love. As with all journeys, some of what we encountered along the way was foreseeable, but much of it was not. For example, we knew that Donald Trump’s presidency would be consequential and in many ways unprecedented when we assumed the helm in June 2017, but not that he would become the first president to be impeached twice, or the first to attempt to overturn presidential election results and violently prevent the peaceful transfer of power, thereby threatening the republic’s very foundations. We had no idea what COVID-19 was, or that it would go on to kill more than one million people in the United States alone. Nor could we foresee that the murder of George Floyd would spark the greatest wave of protest in the United States since the 1960s. Nor yet again did we know that more than seventy-five years after the end of World War II, there would be a major European land war between two former Soviet Republics. Yet we felt compelled to respond to each of these world historical moments as they unfolded in real time, while also attempting to modernize and innovate with respect to the journal’s publication procedures and to stay true to its substantive mission.
{"title":"Looking Backward, Looking Forward","authors":"M. Bernhard, Daniel I. O’neill","doi":"10.1017/S1537592723001925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592723001925","url":null,"abstract":"This issue marks the last of our six years as the editorial team of Perspectives on Politics. It has been both a richly rewarding and exhausting journey, as well as a labor of love. As with all journeys, some of what we encountered along the way was foreseeable, but much of it was not. For example, we knew that Donald Trump’s presidency would be consequential and in many ways unprecedented when we assumed the helm in June 2017, but not that he would become the first president to be impeached twice, or the first to attempt to overturn presidential election results and violently prevent the peaceful transfer of power, thereby threatening the republic’s very foundations. We had no idea what COVID-19 was, or that it would go on to kill more than one million people in the United States alone. Nor could we foresee that the murder of George Floyd would spark the greatest wave of protest in the United States since the 1960s. Nor yet again did we know that more than seventy-five years after the end of World War II, there would be a major European land war between two former Soviet Republics. Yet we felt compelled to respond to each of these world historical moments as they unfolded in real time, while also attempting to modernize and innovate with respect to the journal’s publication procedures and to stay true to its substantive mission.","PeriodicalId":48097,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Politics","volume":"21 1","pages":"805 - 809"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49041331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1017/S1537592723001858
C. Farrelly
{"title":"Creating Human Nature: The Political Challenges of Genetic Engineering. By Benjamin Gregg. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2022. 250p. $105.00 cloth, $34.99 paper.","authors":"C. Farrelly","doi":"10.1017/S1537592723001858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592723001858","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48097,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Politics","volume":"21 1","pages":"1075 - 1077"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46903924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1017/S1537592723001214
Kirby Goidel, Nicholas T. Davis, Keith J. Gaddie
{"title":"Frustrated Majorities: How Issue Intensity Enables Smaller Groups of Voters to Get What They Want. By Seth J. Hill. Cambridge University Press, 2022. 236p. $34.99 paper.","authors":"Kirby Goidel, Nicholas T. Davis, Keith J. Gaddie","doi":"10.1017/S1537592723001214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592723001214","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48097,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Politics","volume":"21 1","pages":"1032 - 1034"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46106373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1017/s1537592723001780
Mohamed Sesay
democracy and the only country in Southeast Asia rated “free” by FreedomHouse. While domestic actors deserve the most credit, international assistance played a modest but important role. These inquiries, however, should not detract from the book’s many virtues. Chief among these is the rich, vivid, and persuasive account of legal, political, and economic development in Sierra Leone and Liberia that spans centuries. More broadly, the book offers a valuable corrective to the popular discourse that it is enough to simply focus on the state justice system and that anything claiming to be the rule of law should be taken at face value.
{"title":"Response to Geoffrey Swenson’s Review of Domination Through Law: The Internationalization of Legal Norms in Postcolonial Africa","authors":"Mohamed Sesay","doi":"10.1017/s1537592723001780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1537592723001780","url":null,"abstract":"democracy and the only country in Southeast Asia rated “free” by FreedomHouse. While domestic actors deserve the most credit, international assistance played a modest but important role. These inquiries, however, should not detract from the book’s many virtues. Chief among these is the rich, vivid, and persuasive account of legal, political, and economic development in Sierra Leone and Liberia that spans centuries. More broadly, the book offers a valuable corrective to the popular discourse that it is enough to simply focus on the state justice system and that anything claiming to be the rule of law should be taken at face value.","PeriodicalId":48097,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Politics","volume":"21 1","pages":"1061 - 1061"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46163387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1017/S1537592723001305
Bruce Peabody
{"title":"Demagogues in American Politics. By Charles U. Zug. New York: Oxford University Press, 2022. 224p. $99.00 cloth, $29.95 paper.","authors":"Bruce Peabody","doi":"10.1017/S1537592723001305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592723001305","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48097,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Politics","volume":"21 1","pages":"1098 - 1100"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41521175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1017/S1537592723001500
Laurie A. Brand
{"title":"The Politics of Immigration Beyond Liberal States: Morocco and Tunisia in Comparative Perspective. By Katharina Natter. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2022. 280p. $99.99 cloth.","authors":"Laurie A. Brand","doi":"10.1017/S1537592723001500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592723001500","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48097,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Politics","volume":"21 1","pages":"1122 - 1124"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45116025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1017/s1537592723001081
Swati Srivastava
practices—and how private entities engage in and even capture sovereign functions through this ambiguity— form the central contribution of this book. Its discussion between the conceptual issues of “ideal types” against the need for these to form markers along a spectrum for analytical purposes is excellent. A final thought that the book raises is one of how we go about analysing fundamental concepts in political science. Humankind as knowledge-maker is prone to categorization and ordering of types to make sense of our world. But reality, whether evolutionary or social, often operates along spectra without discrete markers between “types” except those we impose. As Srivastava reminds us, while we may use the concepts instrumentally, we should be mindful that it is a methodological step that risks obscuring nuance and variation that are the source of evolving conceptions. This prompts the final question that is only hinted at in the book: How might this book’s insights inform our understanding of the future evolution of sovereignty? This would entail asking about the conditions though which sovereign power moves between public and private: How large are these hybrid spaces where private entities may wield sovereign power? What causes retreat of the state or of the quasi-sovereign? This has largely been the domain of critical theorists following Carl Schmitt (see Schmitt, Political Theology: Four Chapters on the Concept of Sovereignty, 1985; Giorgio Agamben, State of Exception, 2005), but the empirical study is sorely in need of updating for the twenty-first century.
实践——以及私人实体如何通过这种模糊性参与甚至获得主权职能——构成了本书的核心贡献。它在“理想类型”的概念问题与为了分析目的需要这些类型沿着光谱形成标记之间进行了非常好的讨论。本书提出的最后一个想法是，我们如何分析政治学中的基本概念。人类作为知识的创造者，倾向于对类型进行分类和排序，以理解我们的世界。但现实，无论是进化的还是社会的，通常都是沿着光谱运行的，除了我们强加的那些，在“类型”之间没有离散的标记。正如斯里瓦斯塔瓦提醒我们的那样，虽然我们可以使用这些概念作为工具，但我们应该注意，这是一个方法论的步骤，可能会模糊细微差别和变化，而这些细微差别和变化是不断发展的概念的来源。这就引出了最后一个问题，这本书中只暗示了这个问题:这本书的见解将如何帮助我们理解主权的未来演变?这就需要询问主权权力在公共和私人之间移动的条件:私人实体可以行使主权权力的这些混合空间有多大?是什么导致了国家或准主权者的退缩?这在很大程度上是卡尔·施密特之后的批判理论家的领域(见施密特，政治神学:关于主权概念的四章，1985;Giorgio Agamben, State of Exception, 2005)，但实证研究迫切需要更新，以适应21世纪。
{"title":"Response to Joel Ng’s Review of Hybrid Sovereignty in World Politics","authors":"Swati Srivastava","doi":"10.1017/s1537592723001081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1537592723001081","url":null,"abstract":"practices—and how private entities engage in and even capture sovereign functions through this ambiguity— form the central contribution of this book. Its discussion between the conceptual issues of “ideal types” against the need for these to form markers along a spectrum for analytical purposes is excellent. A final thought that the book raises is one of how we go about analysing fundamental concepts in political science. Humankind as knowledge-maker is prone to categorization and ordering of types to make sense of our world. But reality, whether evolutionary or social, often operates along spectra without discrete markers between “types” except those we impose. As Srivastava reminds us, while we may use the concepts instrumentally, we should be mindful that it is a methodological step that risks obscuring nuance and variation that are the source of evolving conceptions. This prompts the final question that is only hinted at in the book: How might this book’s insights inform our understanding of the future evolution of sovereignty? This would entail asking about the conditions though which sovereign power moves between public and private: How large are these hybrid spaces where private entities may wield sovereign power? What causes retreat of the state or of the quasi-sovereign? This has largely been the domain of critical theorists following Carl Schmitt (see Schmitt, Political Theology: Four Chapters on the Concept of Sovereignty, 1985; Giorgio Agamben, State of Exception, 2005), but the empirical study is sorely in need of updating for the twenty-first century.","PeriodicalId":48097,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Politics","volume":"21 1","pages":"1044 - 1044"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45576903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1017/S153759272300138X
M. Lyon
{"title":"How Policies Make Interest Groups: Governments, Unions, and American Education. By Michael T. Hartney. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2022. 312p. $105.00 cloth, $35.00 paper.","authors":"M. Lyon","doi":"10.1017/S153759272300138X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S153759272300138X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48097,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Politics","volume":"21 1","pages":"1088 - 1090"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44217484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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