Journal of Mental Health最新文献

Background: People with borderline personality disorder (BPD) experience significant stigma, particularly at the interface of care delivery.Aims: To compare and contrast what stigma looks like within mental health care contexts, from the perspective of patients and mental health professionals (MHPs) and how it is perpetuated at the interface of care.Method: A review of the literature was undertaken to compare the experiences of stigma towards BPD from the patient and MHP perspective by thematically analysing the results from empirical studies exploring their experiences.Results: Thirty studies were found; 12 on patients perspectives and 18 on clinicians perspectives. Six themes arose from the thematic synthesis: (1) stigma related to diagnosis and disclosure; (2) perceived un-treatability; (3) stigma as a response to feeling powerless; (4) stigma due to preconceptions of patients; (5) low BPD health literacy and (6) overcoming stigma through enhanced empathy. A conceptual framework for explaining the perpetuation of stigma and BPD is proposed.Conclusion: Stigma towards people with BPD is perpetuated through poor BPD health literacy by patients and MHPs that stalls effective treatment and engagement, and disempowers all concerned, deferring responsibility to others. Addressing this stigma requires multiple strategies that include more targeted education, advocacy and leadership.

Background: Self-compassion (SC), reflecting self-attitude and self-connectedness, has proven to be a modifiable factor in promoting mental health outcomes. Increasingly, SC is recognized as a multidimensional construct consisting of six dimensions, rather than a single dimension.

Objectives: First, this study adopted a person-centered approach to explore profiles of SC dimensions in Chinese young adults. Second, the study examined the predictive effects of SC profiles on mental health outcomes.

Methods: In February 2020, young adults (N = 1164) were invited to complete the 26-item Neff's Self-Compassion Scale online. Three months later, the same subjects (N = 1099) reported their levels of depressive symptoms, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and posttraumatic growth (PTG).

Results: After controlling for retrospective ACEs, four classes best characterized the profiles: self-compassionate (26.7%, N = 294), self-uncompassionate (12.3%, N = 135), average (55.9%, N = 614), and detached groups (5.1%, N = 56). Young adults in the self-compassionate group adjusted the best (with the highest level of PTG and the lowest levels of depressive and PTSD symptoms). Adults in the self-uncompassionate group demonstrated the poorest mental health outcomes (with the lowest level of PTG and the highest levels of depressive and PTSD symptoms). Young adults in the average group obtained more PTG than adults in the detached group (p < .01), but did not differ significantly in depressive and PTSD symptoms (p > .05).

Conclusion: The compassionate profile is the most adaptable for young adults among all groups. This study highlights the limitations of representing the relative balance of SC with a composite score.

Background: Despite several studies on the mental health of medical students, there is insufficient research on long-term follow-ups.

Aims: To investigate the associated factors and changes in the quality of life and mental health of a group of medical students followed-up for three years.

Methods: An observational, prospective cohort study was conducted. Four classes were followed during the first three years of the medical course. The study included sociodemographic data, mental health data using the DASS-21 scale, and quality-of-life data using the WHOQOL-BREF scale. Linear regression models were used for analysis.

Results: A total of 201 (66.1%) medical students responded to both data collection waves after a three-year follow-up. Depressive symptoms(p < 0.001), anxiety(p = 0.037), and stress(p < 0.001) increased. Additionally, physical(p < 0.001), psychological(p < 0.001), and social(p = 0.003) quality of life decreased. Worse mental health at baseline and being a woman were associated with worse mental health after three years, while higher income at baseline was associated with better quality of life after three years.

Conclusions: The mental health and quality of life of the medical students worsened after three years, being influenced by gender, income, and mental health at baseline. Educators and managers must be aware of these factors to minimize suffering in medical schools.

Background: Depression, the most common mental illness worldwide, has been studied and air pollution has been found to increase the risk of depression hospitalization, but research results on ozone (O₃) remain limited. In this context, we investigated the relationship between short-term O₃ exposure and depression-related hospital admissions (HAs).

Methods: The 10,459 records of HAs for depression from medical institutions across in 9 cities, China, were collected between 1 January 2017, and 31 December 2018. Air pollutants and meteorological data was obtained from provincial ecological environment monitoring stations in the study area. Conditional Poisson regression was employed to estimate the association between O₃ and hospitalizations for depression, with data stratification by sex, age, weather, and economic level.

Results: Short-term O₃ exposure was positively associated with the number of depression-related hospitalizations (Relative risk: 1.04 [95% CI: 1.02, 1.05]). O₃ had a significant effect on the risk of depression-related hospitalizations on warm days (P = 0.021, Relative risk: 1.05 [1.03, 1.08]). The high gross domestic product group was more likely to be affected by O₃ exposure-associated depression-related hospitalizations (P = 0.005, Relative risk: 1.03 [1.01, 1.05]).

Conclusions: Short-term changes to O₃ exposure may increase the risk of depression related hospitalizations, especially on warm days.

Background: In China, mental health disorders are considered the leading causes of disability, yet treatment-seeking behaviors among individuals with mental health problems are deficient.

Aims: This study sought to examine attitudes and participant characteristics associated with help-seeking among adults residing in China's Shanghai metropolitan area.

Methods: This study employed a convenience cross-sectional sampling strategy and recruited 500 participants in public places in Shanghai. The survey administered in Mandarin was comprised of two sections: a series of demographic questions and standardized instruments measuring stigma and help-seeking attitudes.

Results: Findings indicate that beliefs about seeking professional help for mental health are influenced by knowing someone with a mental health problem. In addition, men who were older, had a child, and were married endorsed more openness to help-seeking for mental health needs, underscoring the importance of life experience as an essential variable when considering attitudes toward help-seeking.

Conclusions: Findings support future research identifying the mechanisms by which these life experiences impact individuals' help-seeking attitudes.

Background: LGBTQ+ young people have elevated rates of poor mental health in comparison to their cisgender heterosexual peers. School environment is a key risk factor and consistently associated with negative mental health outcomes for LGBTQ+ adolescents.

Aims: To examine how, why, for whom and in what context school-based interventions prevent or reduce mental health problems in LGBTQ+ adolescents.

Methods: A realist review methodology was utilised and focused on all types of school-based interventions and study designs. A Youth Advisory Group were part of the research team. Multiple search strategies were used to locate relevant evidence. Studies were subject to inclusion criteria and quality appraisal, and included studies were synthesised to produce a programme theory. Seventeen studies were included in the review.

Results: Eight intervention components were necessary to address LGBTQ+ pupils mental health: affirmative visual displays; external signposting to LGBTQ+ support; stand-alone input; school-based LGBTQ support groups; curriculum-based delivery; staff training; inclusion policies; trusted adult. Few school-based interventions for this population group were identified.

Conclusions: The programme theory indicates that "to work" school-based interventions must have a "whole-school" approach that addresses specifically the dominant cis-heteronormative school environment and hence the marginalisation, silence, and victimisation that LGBTQ+ pupils can experience.

Background: Common mental health problems (CMHP) are prevalent among junior doctors and medical students, and the COVID-19 pandemic has brought challenging situations with education disruptions, early graduations, and front-line work. CMHPs can have detrimental consequences on clinical safety and healthcare colleagues; thus, it is vital to assess the overall prevalence and available interventions to provide institutional-level support.

Aims: This overview summarises the prevalence of CMHPs from existing published systematic reviews and informs public health prevention and early intervention practice.

Methods: Four electronic databases were searched from 2012 to identify systematic reviews on the prevalence of CMHPs and/or interventions to tackle them.

Results: Thirty-six reviews were included: 25 assessing prevalence and 11 assessing interventions. Across systematic reviews, the prevalence of anxiety ranged from 7.04 to 88.30%, burnout from 7.0 to 86.0%, depression from 11.0 to 66.5%, stress from 29.6 to 49.9%, suicidal ideation from 3.0 to 53.9% and one obsessive-compulsive disorder review reported a prevalence of 3.8%. Mindfulness-based interventions were included in all reviews, with mixed findings for each CMHP.

Conclusions: The prevalence of CMHPs is high among junior doctors and medical students, with anxiety remaining relatively stable and depression slightly increasing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future research on mindfulness-based interventions is required for a resilient and healthy future workforce.

Prisma/prospero: the researchers have followed PRISMA guidance. This overview was not registered with PROSPERO as it was conducted as part of an MSc research project.

Background: Between 2018 and 2025, a national implementation programme is funding more than 500 new mental health support teams (MHSTs) in England, to work in education settings to deliver evidence-based interventions to children with mild to moderate mental health problems and support emotional wellbeing for all pupils. A new role, education mental health practitioner (EMHP), has been created for the programme.

Aims: A national evaluation explored the development, implementation and early progress of 58 MHSTs in the programme's first 25 'Trailblazer' sites. This paper reports the views and experiences of people involved in MHST design, implementation and service delivery at a local, regional and national level.

Methods: Data are reported from in-depth interviews with staff in five Trailblazer sites (n = 71), and the programme's regional (n = 52) and national leads (n = 21).

Results: Interviewees universally welcomed the creation of MHSTs, but there was a lack of clarity about their purpose, concerns that the standardised CBT interventions being offered were not working well for some children, and challenges retaining EMHPs.

Conclusions: This study raises questions about MHSTs' service scope, what role they should play in addressing remaining gaps in mental health provision, and how EMHPs can develop the skills to work effectively with diverse groups.

Aim: This study aimed to understand the influence of clinical instructors' caring behavior on the psychological well-being of student nurses.

Design: This study survey used the quantitative cross-sectional research design.

Method: The sample comprised 405 Saudi nursing students studying at Shaqra University. The study used two instruments: the "Nursing Students' Perceptions of Instructor Caring" and the "Student Well-being Process Questionnaire." Convenience sampling was used to collect data from November 2021 to February 2022.

Result: The students' perceived Instructor caring was high. The psychological well-being of students was high. There were significant variations in the students' perceived Instructor's caring in terms of year level. A very weak positive correlation existed between the student nurses' rank in their families and their perceived Instructor's caring. Furthermore, gender, year level, family structure, and the Instructor's caring subscales "supportive learning climate," "appreciation of life's meaning," and "control versus flexibility" were significant predictors of the student's psychological well-being.

Conclusion: The study's results support studies that nursing students' psychological well-being is influenced by their gender, family structure, year level, and perceived Instructor's caring behavior.