Journal of Mental Health最新文献

Background: Perceived social cohesion (PSC) is a protective factor for mental health. Yet, evidence on social mechanisms influencing mental health is scarce.

Aims: We examined the moderating role of PSC between parental stressors and depressive symptoms before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: We performed a multilevel moderated linear regression analysis using German Socio-Economic Panel (G-SOEP) data to investigate the interaction of PSC in 2018 and in 2020 with parental stressors (having pre-school-aged child(-ren), concerns about COVID-19 infection, financial insecurity, working from home, changes at work) and depressive symptoms (PHQ-4) in 2020 and 2021.

Results: 3,112 observations from 1,621 participants were included in the regression analyses. The parental stressors had mostly negative, although not always significant effects on PHQ-4. Both PSC measures positively moderated the association between experienced financial insecurity and PHQ-4. PCS 2020 positively moderated the association between the stressors "not working from home" and "being unemployed in 2020 or 2021" compared to "having no changes at work" for those employed. It negatively moderated the association between "having some concerns about infection" and PHQ-4.

Conclusions: PSC can act as a buffer for parental mental health. Social cohesion should be promoted in public health interventions, especially during pandemics or disasters.

Background: Mental health disorders amongst children and young people pose a significant burden, with a growing emphasis on early intervention. A notable gap exists between the prevalence of these disorders and sufficiently early treatment, emphasising the need for effective preventive measures.

Aims: This review aims to comprehensively assess and narratively synthesise both quantitative and qualitative literature on secondary preventative (indicated and selective) school-based mental health interventions in the UK.

Method: All empirical studies published since 2010, which reported on UK secondary preventative school-based interventions were eligible. Eligible studies were identified by searching the following electronic databases: PsycINFO (Ovid), MEDLINE (Ovid), Scopus (Elsevier), EMBASE (Elsevier), ERIC (EBSCO), and Web of Science (Clarivate). Database searches yielded 3269 results, with 26 articles meeting inclusion criteria. These articles covered 22 unique studies encompassing various study designs. The Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess study quality, and study findings were synthesised using a single narrative synthesis ('storytelling') approach.

Results: Three central themes emerged: (1) Outcomes for children and young people; (2) acceptability and preferences; and (3) practical considerations. The majority of included studies demonstrated high quality. Studies revealed diverse perspectives on the strengths, limitations, barriers, and facilitators of school-based interventions.

Conclusions: School-based interventions hold promise in promoting positive mental health amongst young people, emphasising the pivotal role of educational settings in addressing these challenges. Despite encouraging outcomes, this review highlights the need for further research to better understand intervention effectiveness, implementation barriers, and cost-effectiveness; to facilitate the development of tailored and impactful strategies for supporting young people's mental health.

Prisma/prospero statement: This systematic review was conducted following Cochrane methodology PRISMA guidelines. The review was registered with PROSPERO in June 2023 (CRD42023431966).

Background: African-descended groups with psychosis have poorer clinical outcomes and more negative pathways to care than White-British groups. It is therefore important to investigate potential contributing factors to this disparity.

Aims: To explore the relationships between beliefs about schizophrenia and attitudes towards accessing help from mental health services in an African-descended UK-based sample with psychosis.

Method: Thirty-four participants with self-reported experiences of psychosis completed the Illness Perception Questionnaire for Schizophrenia and the Inventory of Attitudes towards Seeking Help from Services.

Results: Beliefs about coherence of symptoms and treatment control were the only significant individual predictors of attitudes towards accessing help from mental health services subscales.

Conclusions: Implications of the findings include the use of culturally-appropriate educational resources and the generation of culturally-informed, collaborative psychological formulations to help guide to guide treatment choice.

Background: Black men are one of the most disadvantaged groups when accessing mental health services in the UK. There is extensive guidance from qualitative research on how to bring equity, but it is unclear how this evidence is being implemented.

Aim: To systematically review interventions that help Black men access timely and appropriate mental health care and to explore their nature and effectiveness.

Method: We registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022345323). We searched electronic databases up to September 2023 for studies with at least 50% of Black male participants receiving an intervention to improve access to mental health support in community settings. We conducted a narrative synthesis of eligible studies.

Results: Five studies met our inclusion criteria. An important characteristic was discussing thoughts and feelings through peer support, leading to a normalization of experiences.

Conclusions: There is a paucity of research into interventions that support Black men accessing community mental health support. Proactively testing interventions, not just seeking qualitative feedback, is required. Evidence-based strategies to support recruitment of Black men into research is necessary. Commissioners could consider evidence typically seen as less robust to mitigate against an underlying racial bias within research and stimulate the growth of an evidence base.

Background: Despite higher suicide rates, men are less likely to seek psychological help than women, and even when they do seek help, services are often ill-equipped to meet their needs and maintain their ongoing engagement in care.

Aims: This study aimed to systematically scope the existing literature to summarise research findings and identify gaps related to the association between gender norm conformity (incorporating masculinities and femininities) and psychological help-seeking and treatment engagement.

Methods: A search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, APA PsycINFO and CINAHL databases was conducted. Of 3,652 identified studies, 82 met inclusion criteria. Data from included studies was extracted and synthesised thematically.

Results: Findings from the included studies suggested heightened conformity to masculine gender norms was linked with lower help-seeking and treatment engagement, and preliminary evidence was found for positive relationships between feminine gender norm conformity and both help-seeking and treatment engagement. Strength-based approaches to improving men's engagement with psychological services were often recommended, yet the prevailing position on masculinities was deficit-based.

Conclusions: Further research is needed to explore the role of femininities and masculinities in men's help-seeking, and to further examine men's treatment engagement. Researchers are also encouraged to shift toward a strength-based position regarding masculinities in the context of men's mental health.

Background: Personal recovery is operationalized in the CHIME framework (connectedness, hope, identity, meaning in life, and empowerment) of recovery processes. CHIME was initially developed through analysis of experiences of people mainly with psychosis, but it might also be valid for investigating recovery in mood-related, autism and other diagnoses.

Aims: To examine whether personal recovery is transdiagnostic by studying narrative experiences in several diagnostic groups.

Methods: Thirty recovery narratives, retrieved from "Psychiatry Story Bank" (PSB) in the Netherlands, were analyzed by three coders using CHIME as a deductive framework. New codes were assigned using an inductive approach and member checks were performed after consensus was reached.

Results: All five CHIME dimensions were richly reported in the narratives, independent of diagnosis. Seven new domains were identified, such as "acknowledgement by diagnosis" and "gaining self-insight". These new domains were evaluated to fit well as subdomains within the original CHIME framework. On average, 54.2% of all narrative content was classified as experienced difficulties.

Conclusions: Recovery stories from different diagnostic perspectives fit well into the CHIME framework, implying that personal recovery is a transdiagnostic concept. Difficulties should not be ignored in the context of personal recovery based on its substantial presence in the recovery narratives.

Background: University students with a family history of mental illness may have an increased risk of developing mental health problems.

Aims: The aim of the study was to assess differences in mental health help seeking among students with a family history of mental illness compared to those without a family history.

Methods: A total of 1127 university students, aged 18 to 30 years, completed an online survey with questions about mental illness, family history of mental illness, help seeking, and psychological symptoms.

Results: Students with a family history of mental illness were more likely to report clinically significant symptoms and more likely to use social media and online support programs. They reported similar rates of in-person help seeking. Those with more than one family member with a mental illness reported greater symptom severity, more use of online programs, and increased likelihood of prescription drug use than those with only one family member.

Conclusions: More research is needed to understand how to increase access to mental health care and to address barriers to help-seeking considering family history of mental illness. University students may not be accessing appropriate treatment and care as required, with the rates of in-person help-seeking being low overall.

Background: Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) are reported to have difficulties in trusting. Yet no previous study investigating CSA survivors' subjective experiences of trust exists and there is a paucity of clinical research into constructs and definitions of "trust."

Aims: To use a phenomenological lens to investigate CSA survivors' descriptions of trust relationships and trustworthy others by privileging their subjective experience. To better understand how trust can be built within therapeutic relationships.

Methods: A qualitative methodology using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was conducted within the survivor-research paradigm. The researcher was a person with lived experience of CSA who co-produced the study with CSA survivor advisors and co-constructed interviews with 17 adult CSA survivors.

Results: Findings present a "Survivor Trust Enactment Model" that delineates the process of building/repairing relational trust and advancing "transactional trust." Trust is portrayed as nuanced and formed across and according to context, including the demarcation of generalised and relational trust. The findings emphasise that trustees' trustworthiness is key to building trust which challenges assumptions that survivors are deficient in trust.

Conclusion: The foregrounding of subjective trust experiences challenges diagnostic and clinical views on trust deficiency in adult CSA survivors. The study develops clinical constructs of trust, considers implications for clinical practice, and indicates areas for further research into trust dynamics in therapeutic relationships.

Background: Mental health impacts a person's quality of life and ability to engage in healthy behaviors. Rural communities in the United States have limited access to mental and behavioral health treatment.

Aim: To conduct a systematic review to identify existing rural community-based mental health interventions and identify commonalities and differences by extracting study attributes and intervention components.

Methods: March 2022 CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Academic Search Complete were searched for studies that met the inclusion criteria of rural, community-based mental health interventions in the United States.

Results: Ten publications satisfied the criteria for this review. The most common intervention components identified were peer interaction, developed coping skills, and activity-based interventions.

Conclusion: While this review excluded a meta-analysis, it did illuminate the components of existing community-based mental health interventions and highlighted gaps in the current research. Our findings suggest that future community-based mental health interventions would benefit from the inclusion of peer interaction, coping skills development, activity-based, cultural & historical context, service referral, and spirituality.

Background: The positive impact of breastfeeding against postpartum depression has been increasingly reported. However, no studies have systematically and critically examined current evidence on breastfeeding practices' influences on postpartum depression in LMICs.

Aim: To review the influence of breastfeeding on postpartum depression in LMICs.

Methods: We searched original research in English published over the last ten years (2012 - 2022) within 8 databases: EBSCOhost, EMBASE, Pubmed, Sage Journals, Science Direct, APA PsycArticles, Taylor & Francis, Google Scholar, and citation tracking. The risk of bias assessment used The Newcastle Ottawa Scale and The Modified Jadad Scale. We followed the PRISMA statement after the protocol had been registered on the PROSPERO. The review included 21 of 11015 articles.

Results: Of 21 articles, 16 examined breastfeeding practices, 2 each investigated breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding education, and 1 each assessed breastfeeding attitude and breastfeeding support. 3 randomized control trials and 5 cohorts revealed that breastfeeding decreased the EPDS scores. However, 4 cross-sectional studies indicated that breastfeeding is nonsignificantly associated with postpartum depression.

Conclusion: This review indicated that breastfeeding may alleviate or prevent postpartum depression. Our findings indicated that integrating breastfeeding-related programs and policies into postpartum depression prevention may benefit public health.

Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42022315143).