Journal of Mental Health最新文献

Background: Limited evidence exists regarding how sex differences in mental health are changing over time, especially in the context of recent health and economic adversities.

Aims: To examine the temporal shifts in mental health issues among males and females, and explore the influence of education and loneliness on these trends.

Methods: Data were utilized from the 2020 to 2023 Monitor study, a repeated cross-sectional survey of adults 18 years and older in Ontario, Canada. The study employed a Qualtrics-based web panel survey (n = 5,317). Mental health was assessed using Kessler-6 questionnaire, and analyses were performed using Generalized Linear Model (GLM) with gamma distribution.

Results: The results showed that there was a significant three-way interaction effect between sex, time and education with psychological distress (p = 0.014), suggesting that psychological distress increased between 2020 and 2023 among males who had less than college education. However, it remained stable among males with college/university degrees and females overall. Interaction between sex and feeling lonely on psychological distress was also evident (p = 0.004).

Conclusions: Mental health issues remained a significant public health challenge among adults, especially psychological distress increasing among males with less than a college education. This underscores the importance of targeted interventions addressing males' mental health.

Background: Work-related mental health problems impose significant economic and personal burdens. eHealth interventions may offer low-cost, practical solutions, but guidance on their cost-effectiveness in workplace mental health is limited.

Objective: The objective of this study was to systematically review economic evaluations of workplace eHealth interventions for mental health, offering insights into methodologies and cost-effectiveness outcomes.

Methods: Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, searches were conducted in Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane library, PsycInfo and EconLit databases in May 2022, selecting peer-reviewed papers that performed economic evaluations on workplace eHealth interventions for adult mental health. Quality was assessed using the Drummond checklist.

Results: From 3213 references, eight met the inclusion criteria. These studies varied in economic perspective, types of economic analysis type, primary outcome measures, intervention focus (e.g. stress, alcohol, insomnia & return-to-work) and direct non-medical costs. Five eHealth interventions were found to be cost-effective and/or have a positive return on investment, with seven studies rated as high quality according to the Drummond checklist.

Conclusions: The study outcomes unveiled the potential cost-effectiveness of eHealth interventions targeting mental health issues, particularly these focusing on workplace stress. However, generalization is challenging due to variations in the methodologies across studies.

Background: Service providers are experiencing mental health decline as they work to meet the needs of persons experiencing homelessness in a system that constrains their ability to help. Although moral distress is widely recognized in health care, the experience of moral distress in service providers working with people experiencing homelessness has not been explored in a scoping review.

Aim: To identify the range and nature of literature on moral distress among service providers working with persons experiencing homelessness.

Methods: We conducted a scoping review using Arksey and O'Malley five-stage framework.

Results: From the 2219 records yielded from our search, 40 studies were included in this review. Our narrative synthesis generated three distinct themes: 1) helping is part of our identity, it's who we are, 2) we are doing the best we can, but there are so many barriers, 3) it's more than we can take, we're not okay.

Conclusion: Service providers across studies were described as experiencing a high degree of moral distress in relation to constraints that impeded their ability to fulfil their moral value of helping.

Background: Depression is a very common disorder and comorbidity. Primary care providers are the first medical contacts to diagnose and treat depression. Video calls are emerging communication tools to deliver psychological interventions.

Aims: To examine the effectiveness of videocall delivered psychological interventions to treat depressive symptoms in adult patients in primary care, as well as a systematic assessment of implementation factors.

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed Central, Embase, PsycInfo, Cochrane Library and the WHO COVID-19 database and included randomized controlled trials only. Two authors screened the studies and assessed the risk of bias independently (Cochrane RoB tool). We followed the PRISMA guidelines. The study protocol was published in PROSPERO (CRD42022295238). The results were synthesized narratively.

Results: Of 6.971 identified studies, we included six publications. Studies powered to detect clinically significant changes in primary outcomes, identified video calls to be effective for delivering complex psychological interventions in an integrated primary care setting.

Conclusion: Further research is needed to consolidate the findings on a larger scale and evaluate the effectiveness in comparison with alternatives such as telephone-delivered care. Results are promising and indicate the need for replication in larger studies as well as different health care settings.

Background: Media portrayals inform understandings of mental illness; yet little research has investigated representations of characters with psychosis in fictional television programming.

Aims: This study examined the valence and trends regarding representations of people with psychosis in popular fictional television programing in the United States, one of the most influential markets in the world.

Methods: A content analysis was conducted of the 50 most-watched American primetime fictional television shows from 2011 to 2021. Two raters independently coded characters in three domains pertaining to: demographics, life-status, and - most importantly - character framing. The Cochran-Armitage and Jonckheere-Terpstra tests were used to determine potential changes over time.

Results: Regarding valence, characterizations were more positive than negative. Trend analysis revealed few changes regarding demographic or life status variables, but a different picture emerged with the character framing variables. Over the course of the decade, characters with psychosis were progressively less likely to be depicted as formerly incarcerated, engaging in criminal activity, and as villains, and more likely to be portrayed as victims, protagonists, attractive, and having a positive effect on society.

Conclusion: The study findings are encouraging although additional efforts are needed to ensure media representations accurately reflect the demographic characteristics of people living with psychosis.

Background: There is a focus globally on reducing restrictive practices in mental healthcare. However, we know little about how service users experience restrictive practices generally.

Aim: To explore and synthesise experiences of restrictive practices in adult inpatients mental health settings and to report on the depth and breadth of the literature. Methods. CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, MEDLINE and Embase were searched. Qualitative studies exploring the service user experience of restrictive practices were included and analysed using meta-ethnographic synthesis.

Results: Twenty-seven papers were included. Restrictive practices are experienced negatively by service users, who feel punished and powerless when the therapeutic relationship is weak, and communication is lacking. The third-order constructs were: (1) anti-therapeutic and dehumanising, (2) a vicious cycle, (3) an abuse of power and (4) the critical role of support and communication (subthemes: (i) the impact of communication and (ii) how support and communication can minimise negative impacts).

Conclusions: Participants suggest that increasing supportive communication and detailing the decision making for using restrictive practices, would reduce feelings of coercion and increase trust in staff. Future research into the experience of restrictive practice should aim to capture the experience of informal restrictive practices such as locked doors and coercive language.

Prsima/prospero statement: The review has been conducted and reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA; see Supplemental Materials Table S1) and the Meta-Ethnography Reporting Guidelines (eMERGE; see Supplemental Materials Table S2). The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42023399272; URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023399272).

Background: People with disabilities (PWD) are more likely to report experiencing more mental distress than those without disabilities. Previous research suggests a general lack of knowledge and experience limits a mental health professional's ability to provide quality mental health services to PWD.

Aims: To examine self-reported preparedness and comfort of licensed mental health professionals in providing services to PWD with co-occurring mental health issues in Connecticut.

Methods: Mental health professionals were identified by the Connecticut Department of Public Health (DPH) and 640 professionals completed the 23-item online survey related to their experiences providing mental health services to PWD.

Results: Most participants felt prepared (79%) and comfortable (80%) in providing mental health services to PWD, however, only 59% reported receiving formal training in providing mental health services to PWD. Increased years of experience and receiving professional training were significantly related to feeling more prepared and comfortable in treating PWD for mental health issues (all p-values <.001).

Conclusions: Results support the need for professional training programs to include disability content and develop disability competence among current and future providers. Additional work is needed to address other systemic barriers to quality, effective mental health care for PWD.

Background: Survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) are at an increased risk of developing mental health conditions.

Aims: To examine the perspectives and perceptions of mental health professionals on their provision of mental healthcare to IPV survivors and to hear the lived experiences of IPV survivors regarding their use of mental health services in Portugal.

Methods: An online survey was conducted to gather data on the experiences of IPV survivors who had or had not accessed mental health services in Portugal. Additionally, two focus groups involving 17 mental health professionals were held. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim, and the data were thematically analysed using MAXQDA software.

Results: Both IPV survivors and mental health professionals frequently acknowledged the critical role of mental health support in the recovery process for individuals who experienced IPV. However, professionals often lack sufficient specialised knowledge to address the complexities of IPV, potentially leaving survivors' mental healthcare needs inadequately met.

Conclusions: Comprehensive approaches are required, including trauma- and violence-informed care, multi-disciplinary collaboration, and inter-sectoral efforts. Further research is essential to investigate the nuances of mental health service utilisation by IPV survivors and to identify the most effective interventions for this population across diverse geographical and cultural settings.

Background: Depression is a common mental disorder worldwide. The internet offers a wide range of digital resources on depression, but its credibility is sometimes doubted due to the potential for erroneous information, which can worsen the stigma surrounding mental health and deter individuals from seeking professional services.

Aims: This paper aimed to analyze the contents of depression on Google and YouTube videos.

Methods: The readability, trustworthiness, understandability, and overall quality of the information were investigated using readability indexes, PEMAT-AV, NLM criteria for trustworthiness, and a self-structured questionnaire.

Results: A total of 85 websites and 80 YouTube videos on depression were evaluated. The National Work Group on Literacy and Health recommends that patient-oriented literature should be written at or below a sixth-grade level. However, 88% of the websites are written above a 9th-grade and are difficult to read. The majority of YouTube videos were from private agencies, in contrast to government agencies. Most content describes clinical symptoms, with 50% validating ICD/DSM criteria. However, less than 50% detailed onset, prognosis, or course of illness. Websites describe treatment modalities more frequently and have educational utility.

Conclusions: There is a need for regulations on the dissemination of health-related information on the internet.