Pub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.1177/01902725211046563
Jan E. Stets
I discuss how social psychologists can think about identity change as a nested phenomenon. Identity change occurs at the micro level, but it is embedded in meso and macro levels of social reality. I use changes in the religious identity in the United States as an example of how we can conceptualize identity change in this way. This approach enables us to broaden the scope of social psychological work to be more inclusive of the various social forces at all levels of social reality that impact the human processes we study.
{"title":"Micro, Meso, and Macro Processes in Identity Change: The 2020 Cooley-Mead Award Address","authors":"Jan E. Stets","doi":"10.1177/01902725211046563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01902725211046563","url":null,"abstract":"I discuss how social psychologists can think about identity change as a nested phenomenon. Identity change occurs at the micro level, but it is embedded in meso and macro levels of social reality. I use changes in the religious identity in the United States as an example of how we can conceptualize identity change in this way. This approach enables us to broaden the scope of social psychological work to be more inclusive of the various social forces at all levels of social reality that impact the human processes we study.","PeriodicalId":48201,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology Quarterly","volume":"84 1","pages":"286 - 308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45301505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.1177/01902725211046562
Cecilia L. Ridgeway
It is an honor and pleasure to introduce Jan Stets, the 2020 recipient of the Cooley-Mead Award, given in recognition of her full career of distinguished scholarship in social psychology. Of course, Jan Stets needs no actual introduction to the serious scholar. She has a prolific record of widely cited articles on identity theory, published not only in the flagship journal of sociological social psychology, Social Psychology Quarterly, where she has no fewer than 15 articles, but also in broader journals like the American Sociological Review. Then, there are her many influential books on emotions and identity. Here I want to highlight the characteristics of Jan Stets and her work that make her contributions to sociological social psychology so impressive and she so deserving of this award. The great project of sociological social psychology has always been to understand the reciprocal relations between social structure and individual action. Working in the distinctively sociological tradition of symbolic interactionism, Jan Stets’s scholarly contributions have intervened at a key juncture in this intellectual project. She has focused her research on identity processes as a central mechanism that links the behavior and motives of individuals to a society’s social structure. If our current climate of identitydriven politics and social divisions have taught us anything, it is that identity processes play a powerful role in social order and social change. By directing her research toward such a critical set of questions, Jan Stets set the foundation for the lasting value of her scholarly contributions. Jan Stets has built on this foundation in a distinctively valuable way by working to formulate, develop, systematically test, and extend Identity Theory. Largely through her research, Jan Stets has personally carried the project of structural symbolic interaction through to the present and given it modern, systematic specificity and prominence in sociology. She has taken Identity Theory forward by developing it within, testing and refining its core arguments, and without, by extending it to explain important social problems. These twin processes of internal development of the theory and its external application to significant social issues have always worked in tandem in her research. In some of her earliest work, for instance, Jan Stets examined the social identity of gender and how it shapes interaction among spouses in ongoing marriages, an important social issue if there ever was one. These applied studies provided early demonstrations of the selfverification principle by which identity standards motivate behavior in relationships, including efforts to control the partner, a central argument of identity theory. Out of this work on social identities like gender that are defined by social roles
{"title":"Introduction to Jan Stets","authors":"Cecilia L. Ridgeway","doi":"10.1177/01902725211046562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01902725211046562","url":null,"abstract":"It is an honor and pleasure to introduce Jan Stets, the 2020 recipient of the Cooley-Mead Award, given in recognition of her full career of distinguished scholarship in social psychology. Of course, Jan Stets needs no actual introduction to the serious scholar. She has a prolific record of widely cited articles on identity theory, published not only in the flagship journal of sociological social psychology, Social Psychology Quarterly, where she has no fewer than 15 articles, but also in broader journals like the American Sociological Review. Then, there are her many influential books on emotions and identity. Here I want to highlight the characteristics of Jan Stets and her work that make her contributions to sociological social psychology so impressive and she so deserving of this award. The great project of sociological social psychology has always been to understand the reciprocal relations between social structure and individual action. Working in the distinctively sociological tradition of symbolic interactionism, Jan Stets’s scholarly contributions have intervened at a key juncture in this intellectual project. She has focused her research on identity processes as a central mechanism that links the behavior and motives of individuals to a society’s social structure. If our current climate of identitydriven politics and social divisions have taught us anything, it is that identity processes play a powerful role in social order and social change. By directing her research toward such a critical set of questions, Jan Stets set the foundation for the lasting value of her scholarly contributions. Jan Stets has built on this foundation in a distinctively valuable way by working to formulate, develop, systematically test, and extend Identity Theory. Largely through her research, Jan Stets has personally carried the project of structural symbolic interaction through to the present and given it modern, systematic specificity and prominence in sociology. She has taken Identity Theory forward by developing it within, testing and refining its core arguments, and without, by extending it to explain important social problems. These twin processes of internal development of the theory and its external application to significant social issues have always worked in tandem in her research. In some of her earliest work, for instance, Jan Stets examined the social identity of gender and how it shapes interaction among spouses in ongoing marriages, an important social issue if there ever was one. These applied studies provided early demonstrations of the selfverification principle by which identity standards motivate behavior in relationships, including efforts to control the partner, a central argument of identity theory. Out of this work on social identities like gender that are defined by social roles","PeriodicalId":48201,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology Quarterly","volume":"84 1","pages":"283 - 285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45518565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-22DOI: 10.1177/01902725211042313
Jon Overton
It is well known in social psychology that people are judged by the company they keep, but when and how does that company affect how individuals are evaluated? This article extends expectation states theory to explain associative status. The theory predicts that the status value of former coworkers will “spill over” to positively predict a person’s status position in a new task with new coworkers. A series of crowdsourced experiments finds that status spreads to a person from a former interaction partner. The status of one’s associates predicts deference behavior only when the previous and current task contexts rely on similar abilities. Meanwhile, explicitly evaluated status and performance expectations respond to the status of associates regardless of how interaction contexts are related. The present findings highlight the importance of role relationships and task contexts as moderators that regulate whether status transfers from one person to another.
{"title":"When Does Status Transfer between People? A Crowdsourced Experiment on the Scope of Status by Association","authors":"Jon Overton","doi":"10.1177/01902725211042313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01902725211042313","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known in social psychology that people are judged by the company they keep, but when and how does that company affect how individuals are evaluated? This article extends expectation states theory to explain associative status. The theory predicts that the status value of former coworkers will “spill over” to positively predict a person’s status position in a new task with new coworkers. A series of crowdsourced experiments finds that status spreads to a person from a former interaction partner. The status of one’s associates predicts deference behavior only when the previous and current task contexts rely on similar abilities. Meanwhile, explicitly evaluated status and performance expectations respond to the status of associates regardless of how interaction contexts are related. The present findings highlight the importance of role relationships and task contexts as moderators that regulate whether status transfers from one person to another.","PeriodicalId":48201,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology Quarterly","volume":"84 1","pages":"309 - 330"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47747264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-14DOI: 10.1177/01902725211039832
Scott V. Savage, David Melamed
We introduce a theoretical argument linking group structure to an individual’s cohesion in collectively oriented task groups. We posit that status, the distribution of opinions, and social categories indirectly shape perceptions of cohesion by making individuals working on an uncertain task more or less susceptible to the opinions of others. Specifically, these factors influence how likely one is to succumb to the opinions of others, which in turn influences one’s likelihood of viewing one’s actions as valid or consonant with the expectations of the other members of the group. As this process repeats over time, it accumulates to affect individuals’ expressions of cohesion with group members. Results from a laboratory experiment corroborate this process.
{"title":"How Social Influence Processes Generate Cohesion in Task Groups","authors":"Scott V. Savage, David Melamed","doi":"10.1177/01902725211039832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01902725211039832","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce a theoretical argument linking group structure to an individual’s cohesion in collectively oriented task groups. We posit that status, the distribution of opinions, and social categories indirectly shape perceptions of cohesion by making individuals working on an uncertain task more or less susceptible to the opinions of others. Specifically, these factors influence how likely one is to succumb to the opinions of others, which in turn influences one’s likelihood of viewing one’s actions as valid or consonant with the expectations of the other members of the group. As this process repeats over time, it accumulates to affect individuals’ expressions of cohesion with group members. Results from a laboratory experiment corroborate this process.","PeriodicalId":48201,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology Quarterly","volume":"85 1","pages":"44 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49076387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.1177/01902725211032134
Joshua Doyle
Trust is an important factor for cooperation in social dilemmas because of uncertainty and free-riding fears. Many contemporary social problems are characterized by uncertainty because they depend on the cooperation of thousands to resolve. Social trust as a personal belief is necessary but not sufficient for cooperation under these conditions. In contemporary social dilemmas, the trust-cooperation relationship likely depends on cultural trust: what people believe most other people believe about the trustworthiness of people in general. I test this theory in two experimental studies. In the first, cultural trust has an effect on cooperation independent of participants’ first-order social trust. In the second, I find that if participants learn that others expect them to not believe information on the trustfulness of most other people, they will behave more or less cooperatively, depending on whether the information indicates most others’ trust is high or low. I end with a discussion of the implications my findings have for addressing social dilemmas in an era of declining social trust.
{"title":"The Effect of Cultural Trust on Cooperation in Two Behavioral Experiments","authors":"Joshua Doyle","doi":"10.1177/01902725211032134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01902725211032134","url":null,"abstract":"Trust is an important factor for cooperation in social dilemmas because of uncertainty and free-riding fears. Many contemporary social problems are characterized by uncertainty because they depend on the cooperation of thousands to resolve. Social trust as a personal belief is necessary but not sufficient for cooperation under these conditions. In contemporary social dilemmas, the trust-cooperation relationship likely depends on cultural trust: what people believe most other people believe about the trustworthiness of people in general. I test this theory in two experimental studies. In the first, cultural trust has an effect on cooperation independent of participants’ first-order social trust. In the second, I find that if participants learn that others expect them to not believe information on the trustfulness of most other people, they will behave more or less cooperatively, depending on whether the information indicates most others’ trust is high or low. I end with a discussion of the implications my findings have for addressing social dilemmas in an era of declining social trust.","PeriodicalId":48201,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology Quarterly","volume":"84 1","pages":"246 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49261229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.1177/01902725211027190
D. Kong, Jingjing Yao
Displaying partial trust in exchanges between strangers is a common practice, but it does not effectively promote reciprocation. This is an intriguing phenomenon that warrants investigations regarding social mechanisms that can promote reciprocation without changing the level of trust. We seek to examine, given a partial-trust act, whether framing the motive underlying the act as prosocial (mutually beneficial) can promote reciprocation in an exchange between strangers. Across three experiments in the United States, we found that trustor prosocial (vs. no-motive) framing can promote trustee reciprocation through trustee felt obligation and that this effect is particularly strong among trustees with a strong rather than weak exchange orientation. Concurrently, this prosocial framing effect can operate serially through trustee perceived invitation for exchange and felt obligation. Our findings help address the conundrum of promoting reciprocation without introducing deleterious uncertainty about social motives given a partial-trust act that is prevalent in exchanges at zero acquaintance.
{"title":"Words beyond the Partial Deed: Prosocial Framing of a Partial-Trust Act Promotes Reciprocation between Strangers","authors":"D. Kong, Jingjing Yao","doi":"10.1177/01902725211027190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01902725211027190","url":null,"abstract":"Displaying partial trust in exchanges between strangers is a common practice, but it does not effectively promote reciprocation. This is an intriguing phenomenon that warrants investigations regarding social mechanisms that can promote reciprocation without changing the level of trust. We seek to examine, given a partial-trust act, whether framing the motive underlying the act as prosocial (mutually beneficial) can promote reciprocation in an exchange between strangers. Across three experiments in the United States, we found that trustor prosocial (vs. no-motive) framing can promote trustee reciprocation through trustee felt obligation and that this effect is particularly strong among trustees with a strong rather than weak exchange orientation. Concurrently, this prosocial framing effect can operate serially through trustee perceived invitation for exchange and felt obligation. Our findings help address the conundrum of promoting reciprocation without introducing deleterious uncertainty about social motives given a partial-trust act that is prevalent in exchanges at zero acquaintance.","PeriodicalId":48201,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology Quarterly","volume":"84 1","pages":"267 - 280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/01902725211027190","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41702467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.1177/01902725211030252
S. Sprecher
In this experimental study, unacquainted dyads engaged in a get-acquainted task using two modes of communication across two segments of interaction. The dyads either first disclosed in text-based computer-mediated communication (CMC) and then disclosed face-to-face (FtF) or the reverse. The participants completed reaction measures after each segment of interaction. After the first segment, dyads who communicated FtF reported more positive outcomes (e.g., liking, closeness) than dyads who engaged in CMC. Furthermore, dyads who began in CMC and then transitioned to FtF increased in their positive reactions, whereas dyads who began in FtF and transitioned to CMC either experienced no change (in liking, closeness, and perceived similarity) or experienced a decrease (in fun/enjoyment and perceived responsiveness). Implications of the results are discussed both for the classic social psychology question of how people become acquainted and for current interest in how mixed-mode interactions generate social bonds that can help meet belonging needs.
{"title":"Social Bonding in Initial Acquaintance: Effects of Modality and Modality Order","authors":"S. Sprecher","doi":"10.1177/01902725211030252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01902725211030252","url":null,"abstract":"In this experimental study, unacquainted dyads engaged in a get-acquainted task using two modes of communication across two segments of interaction. The dyads either first disclosed in text-based computer-mediated communication (CMC) and then disclosed face-to-face (FtF) or the reverse. The participants completed reaction measures after each segment of interaction. After the first segment, dyads who communicated FtF reported more positive outcomes (e.g., liking, closeness) than dyads who engaged in CMC. Furthermore, dyads who began in CMC and then transitioned to FtF increased in their positive reactions, whereas dyads who began in FtF and transitioned to CMC either experienced no change (in liking, closeness, and perceived similarity) or experienced a decrease (in fun/enjoyment and perceived responsiveness). Implications of the results are discussed both for the classic social psychology question of how people become acquainted and for current interest in how mixed-mode interactions generate social bonds that can help meet belonging needs.","PeriodicalId":48201,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology Quarterly","volume":"84 1","pages":"216 - 234"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/01902725211030252","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42726885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.1177/01902725211022731
{"title":"Social Psychology Quarterly Call for Papers: Special Issue on Race, Racism, and Discrimination","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/01902725211022731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01902725211022731","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48201,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology Quarterly","volume":"84 1","pages":"281 - 281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49382294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-12DOI: 10.1177/01902725211037637
Zelma Oyarvide Tuthill
Studies document how identity related processes, including identity centrality, shape mental well being. More research, however, is needed that considers how identity centrality impacts well being for people with more than one marginalized identity. Drawing from data from 1,571 black and Latinx sexual minorities included in the Social Justice Sexuality Project, I apply an intercategorical intersectional approach to examine the association between the intersection of sexual and racial/ethnic identity centrality and mental well being. Ordinary least squares regression models show three key findings. First, I found a significant association between both racial/ethnic and sexual identity centrality and mental well being. Second, my results highlight a significant interaction effect between sexual and racial/ethnic identity centrality, indicating the relationship between centrality and well being varies across different levels of centrality. Finally, my results indicate that after adjusting for identity centrality, other predictors remain significantly associated with well being.
{"title":"The Intersection of Sexual and Racial/Ethnic Identity Centrality and Mental Well-Being among Black and Latinx Sexual Minority Adults","authors":"Zelma Oyarvide Tuthill","doi":"10.1177/01902725211037637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01902725211037637","url":null,"abstract":"Studies document how identity related processes, including identity centrality, shape mental well being. More research, however, is needed that considers how identity centrality impacts well being for people with more than one marginalized identity. Drawing from data from 1,571 black and Latinx sexual minorities included in the Social Justice Sexuality Project, I apply an intercategorical intersectional approach to examine the association between the intersection of sexual and racial/ethnic identity centrality and mental well being. Ordinary least squares regression models show three key findings. First, I found a significant association between both racial/ethnic and sexual identity centrality and mental well being. Second, my results highlight a significant interaction effect between sexual and racial/ethnic identity centrality, indicating the relationship between centrality and well being varies across different levels of centrality. Finally, my results indicate that after adjusting for identity centrality, other predictors remain significantly associated with well being.","PeriodicalId":48201,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology Quarterly","volume":"84 1","pages":"331 - 352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46771665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1177/01902725211022319
Crystal L. Hoyt, J. Burnette, R. Forsyth, M. Parry, Brenten H. DeShields
A critical lever in the fight against poverty is to improve attitudes toward those living in poverty. Attempting to understand the factors that impact these attitudes, we ask: Does believing that meritocracy exists (descriptive meritocracy) sustain negative attitudes? Using cross-sectional (N = 301) and experimental (N = 439) methods, we found that belief in the United States as a meritocracy is associated with blaming people living in poverty and predicts negative attitudes toward them. Replicating and extending these findings, we experimentally manipulated beliefs in meritocracy and blame. Weakening American Dream beliefs predicted improved attitudes toward those in poverty. Understanding the nuanced role of belief systems in attitudes toward those in poverty provides strategies for promoting more positive thoughts and feelings.
{"title":"Believing in the American Dream Sustains Negative Attitudes toward Those in Poverty","authors":"Crystal L. Hoyt, J. Burnette, R. Forsyth, M. Parry, Brenten H. DeShields","doi":"10.1177/01902725211022319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01902725211022319","url":null,"abstract":"A critical lever in the fight against poverty is to improve attitudes toward those living in poverty. Attempting to understand the factors that impact these attitudes, we ask: Does believing that meritocracy exists (descriptive meritocracy) sustain negative attitudes? Using cross-sectional (N = 301) and experimental (N = 439) methods, we found that belief in the United States as a meritocracy is associated with blaming people living in poverty and predicts negative attitudes toward them. Replicating and extending these findings, we experimentally manipulated beliefs in meritocracy and blame. Weakening American Dream beliefs predicted improved attitudes toward those in poverty. Understanding the nuanced role of belief systems in attitudes toward those in poverty provides strategies for promoting more positive thoughts and feelings.","PeriodicalId":48201,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology Quarterly","volume":"84 1","pages":"203 - 215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/01902725211022319","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48516907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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