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The key components of a clinical psychology formulation: A consensus study 临床心理学配方的关键组成部分:共识研究。
IF 3.1 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12455
Naomi E. Thrower, Sandra Bucci, Lydia Morris, Katherine Berry

Objective

Psychological formulation is a key competency for clinical psychologists. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the key components and processes of formulation that are hypothesized to contribute to poor reliability of formulations. The aim of this study was to develop consensus on the essential components of a formulation to inform training for clinical psychologists and best practice guidelines.

Methods

A Delphi methodology was used. Items were generated from the literature and discussed and refined with a panel of experts (n = 10). In round one, 110 clinical psychologists in the United Kingdom rated the importance of components of formulation via an online questionnaire. Criteria for consensus were applied and statements were rerated in round two if consensus was not achieved.

Results

Consensus was achieved on 30 items, with 18 statements regarding components of a formulation and 12 statements regarding formulation process. Items that clinicians agreed upon emphasized the importance of integrating sociocultural, biological, strengths and personal meaning alongside well-established theoretical frameworks. Consensus was not reached on 20 items, including whether a formulation should be parsimonious or adhere to a model.

Conclusion

Our findings provide mixed evidence regarding consensus on the key components of formulation. There was an agreement that formulation should be client-led and incorporate strengths and sociocultural factors. Further research should explore client perspectives on the key components of formulation and how these compare to the clinicians' perspectives.

目的:心理配方是临床心理学家的一项关键能力。然而,对于心理治疗方案的关键组成部分和过程却缺乏共识,而据推测,这正是导致心理治疗方案可靠性较差的原因。本研究旨在就心理治疗方案的基本要素达成共识,为临床心理学家的培训和最佳实践指南提供参考:方法:采用德尔菲法。研究项目来自文献,并由专家小组(n = 10)讨论和完善。在第一轮中,英国的 110 名临床心理学家通过在线问卷对配方的各个组成部分的重要性进行了评分。如果未能达成共识,则在第二轮中对陈述进行评分:结果:在 30 个项目上达成了共识,其中 18 个陈述涉及配方的组成部分,12 个陈述涉及配方过程。临床医生达成共识的项目强调了将社会文化、生物、优势和个人意义与成熟的理论框架相结合的重要性。有 20 个项目未达成共识,其中包括治疗方案是否应具有可比性或遵循某种模式:我们的研究结果提供了有关配方关键要素共识的不同证据。大家一致认为,配制应由服务对象主导,并结合服务对象的优势和社会文化因素。进一步的研究应探讨客户对配方关键要素的看法,以及这些看法与临床医生看法的比较。
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引用次数: 0
Home-based video assessment of children's autism-related behaviours: Psychometric analysis and linkages with parental responsiveness and context 对儿童自闭症相关行为的家庭视频评估:心理计量分析以及与父母反应能力和环境的联系。
IF 3.1 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12449
Jeffrey J. Wood, John Danial, Samara Wolpe

Objectives

Assessment of autism-related behaviours (ARBs) in children has generally been limited to direct observations in clinical settings or informant-based reports. The widespread availability of video-streaming devices has made home observations of children's ARBs feasible. This approach could enable assessment of the generalization and durability of interventions and may be able to overcome methodological limitations of predominant current assessment approaches (response biases, limited sensitivity to treatment).

Design and Methods

Forty-four autistic children and their families participated in a repeated-measures study with a correlational design. Approximately 10 hr of unprompted behaviour at home were videorecorded over the course of a week (2 hr per day) for each participant. Gold standard measures of ARBs were also administered (ADOS-2 and ADI-R). Two home-based observational measures of ARBs utilizing streaming video were developed and evaluated: the ARCHER and the CHEERS. Trained independent evaluators made ratings on the ARCHER, CHEERS and an observational measure of parental responsiveness.

Results

Correlations with the ADOS-2 and ADI-R were .47 and .34 for ARCHER scores and .51 and .48 for CHEERS scores, respectively. In linear mixed models, more responsive parenting was associated with fewer ARBs on a daily basis. Children spent their afternoons engaged in many typical activities including electronics, homework and games with family members, and ARBs were more prominent in some of these contexts (e.g., electronics) than others (e.g., family games).

Conclusions

Home-based observational assessment of ARBs may be useful for clinical and descriptive research.

目的:对儿童自闭症相关行为(ARB)的评估通常仅限于在临床环境中进行直接观察或根据线人报告。随着视频流设备的普及,在家中观察儿童的自闭症相关行为已变得可行。这种方法可以评估干预措施的普遍性和持久性,并能克服目前主要评估方法在方法学上的局限性(反应偏差、对治疗的敏感性有限):44 名自闭症儿童及其家庭参加了一项相关设计的重复测量研究。在一周的时间内(每天 2 小时),对每位参与者在家中约 10 小时的无提示行为进行了录像。同时还进行了 ARB 金标准测量(ADOS-2 和 ADI-R)。利用流媒体视频开发并评估了两种基于家庭的 ARBs 观察测量方法:ARCHER 和 CHEERS。训练有素的独立评估员对 ARCHER、CHEERS 和父母反应能力的观察指标进行评分:结果:ARCHER 分数与 ADOS-2 和 ADI-R 的相关性分别为 0.47 和 0.34,CHEERS 分数与 ADOS-2 和 ADI-R 的相关性分别为 0.51 和 0.48。在线性混合模型中,父母对孩子的回应越多,孩子每天的 ARB 就越少。孩子们在下午进行了许多典型的活动,包括电子产品、家庭作业和与家庭成员的游戏,而在其中一些活动(如电子产品)中,ARB 比在其他活动(如家庭游戏)中更为突出:结论:对 ARB 的家庭观察评估可能有助于临床和描述性研究。
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引用次数: 0
The ‘revolving door’ of mental illness: A meta-analysis and systematic review of current versus lifetime rates of psychological disorders 精神病的 "旋转门":对当前与终生心理失调率的荟萃分析和系统回顾。
IF 3.1 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12453
Rachel E. Menzies, Bethany Richmond, Louise Sharpe, Amira Skeggs, Janessa Liu, Daelin Coutts-Bain

Objectives

Therapists have long observed a phenomenon referred to as the ‘revolving door’ of mental health services, in which individuals often develop, seek treatment for, and recover from multiple mental illnesses across their life. However, this has not been systematically examined. If this phenomenon is widespread, one would expect that the number of lifetime disorders would exceed that of current disorders. The aim of this meta-analysis was to test this hypothesis.

Methods

A search was conducted of the following databases: MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science. In total, 38 studies were included in the current review; 27 of these contained sufficient quantitative data to be included in the meta-analysis, addressing the primary research aim. The remaining 11 studies were included in the systematic review only.

Results

Meta-analyses of the 27 studies indicated that the average number of lifetime disorders was 1.84 times that of current disorders. Previous treatment significantly moderated this relationship, while the clinical nature of the sample did not. Examination of the remaining studies revealed common temporal sequences, indicating disorders which typically develop first or consequently to other disorders.

Conclusions

These findings provide support for the revolving door of mental illness, suggesting a need for transdiagnostic treatments and broader conceptualisation of relapse prevention.

目的:长期以来,治疗师们一直在观察一种被称为心理健康服务 "旋转门 "的现象,即一个人在一生中往往会患上、寻求治疗并从多种精神疾病中康复。然而,这种现象并没有得到系统的研究。如果这种现象普遍存在,人们就会认为终生患有精神疾病的人数会超过目前患有精神疾病的人数。本荟萃分析旨在验证这一假设:方法:对以下数据库进行了检索:方法:对以下数据库进行了检索:MEDLINE、PsycINFO 和 Web of Science。共有 38 项研究被纳入本次综述;其中 27 项研究包含足够的定量数据,可纳入荟萃分析,以实现主要研究目标。其余 11 项研究仅纳入系统综述:对 27 项研究进行的元分析表明,终生失调的平均次数是当前失调的 1.84 倍。曾经接受过的治疗在很大程度上调节了这种关系,而样本的临床性质则没有调节作用。对其余研究的审查显示了共同的时间顺序,表明失调症通常先出现或随后出现其他失调症:这些研究结果为精神疾病的 "旋转门 "提供了支持,表明需要跨诊断治疗和更广泛的预防复发概念。
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引用次数: 0
Working alliance in treating staff and patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder living in Residential Facilities 与居住在寄宿设施中的精神分裂症谱系障碍员工和患者结成工作联盟。
IF 3.1 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12450
Laura Fusar-Poli, Fabio Panariello, Katherine Berry, Matteo Rocchetti, Letizia Casiraghi, Matteo Malvezzi, Fabrizio Starace, Manuel Zamparini, Cristina Zarbo, Giovanni de Girolamo, DiAPAson Consortium

Objectives

Working Alliance (WA) is important in the care of patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD). This study aims to determine which sociodemographic and clinical factors are associated with WA, as assessed by patients and staff members in Residential Facilities (RFs), and may predict WA dyads' discrepancies.

Methods

Three hundred and three SSD patients and 165 healthcare workers were recruited from 98 RFs and characterized for sociodemographic features. WA was rated by the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) for patients (WAI-P) and staff members (WAI-T). SSD patients were assessed for the severity of psychopathology and psychosocial functioning.

Results

Pearson's correlation revealed a positive correlation (ρ = .314; p < .001) between WAI-P and WAI-T ratings. Linear regression showed that patients with higher education reported lower WAI-P ratings (β = −.50, p = .044), while not being engaged in work or study was associated with lower WAI-T scores (β = −4.17, p = .015). A shorter lifetime hospitalization was associated with higher WAI-P ratings (β = 5.90, p = .008), while higher psychopathology severity negatively predicted WAI-T (β = −.10, p = .002) and WAI-P ratings (β = −.19, p < .001). Better functioning level positively foresaw WAI-T (β = .14, p < .001) and WAI-P ratings (β = .12, p < .001). Regarding discrepancies, staff members' age was associated with higher dyads discrepancy in Total scale and Agreement subscale scores, which were also associated with more severe negative symptoms, while patients' age was negatively correlated to Relationship subscale discrepancy.

Conclusions

This study provides insight into the factors that influence WA in SSD patients and health workers in RFs. The findings address interventions to improve WA and ultimately patient outcomes.

目标:工作联盟(WA)对于精神分裂症谱系障碍(SSD)患者的护理非常重要。本研究旨在根据患者和住宿设施(RFs)工作人员的评估,确定哪些社会人口学和临床因素与工作联盟相关,并预测工作联盟二人组的差异:方法: 我们从 98 个住宿设施中招募了 33 名 SSD 患者和 165 名医护人员,并对他们的社会人口学特征进行了分析。对患者(WAI-P)和医护人员(WAI-T)的工作联盟量表(WAI)进行WA评分。对 SSD 患者的精神病理学严重程度和社会心理功能进行了评估:结果:皮尔逊相关性显示出正相关性(ρ = .314;p 结论:该研究深入分析了影响 SSD 患者心理病理学和心理社会功能的因素:本研究深入探讨了影响地区医院 SSD 患者和医务工作者 WA 的因素。研究结果有助于采取干预措施,以改善 WA 并最终改善患者的治疗效果。
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引用次数: 0
Predicting treatment response using machine learning: A registered report 利用机器学习预测治疗反应:注册报告
IF 3.1 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12452
Kristin Jankowsky, Lina Krakau, Ulrich Schroeders, Rüdiger Zwerenz, Manfred E. Beutel

Objective

Previous research on psychotherapy treatment response has mainly focused on outpatients or clinical trial data which may have low ecological validity regarding naturalistic inpatient samples. To reduce treatment failures by proactively screening for patients at risk of low treatment response, gain more knowledge about risk factors and to evaluate treatments, accurate insights about predictors of treatment response in naturalistic inpatient samples are needed.

Methods

We compared the performance of different machine learning algorithms in predicting treatment response, operationalized as a substantial reduction in symptom severity as expressed in the Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale. To achieve this goal, we used different sets of variables—(a) demographics, (b) physical indicators, (c) psychological indicators and (d) treatment-related variables—in a naturalistic inpatient sample (N = 723) to specify their joint and unique contribution to treatment success.

Results

There was a strong link between symptom severity at baseline and post-treatment (R2 = .32). When using all available variables, both machine learning algorithms outperformed the linear regressions and led to an increment in predictive performance of R2 = .12. Treatment-related variables were the most predictive, followed psychological indicators. Physical indicators and demographics were negligible.

Conclusions

Treatment response in naturalistic inpatient settings can be predicted to a considerable degree by using baseline indicators. Regularization via machine learning algorithms leads to higher predictive performances as opposed to including nonlinear and interaction effects. Heterogenous aspects of mental health have incremental predictive value and should be considered as prognostic markers when modelling treatment processes.

以往有关心理疗法治疗反应的研究主要集中在门诊病人或临床试验数据上,而这些数据对自然住院病人样本的生态效度可能较低。为了通过主动筛查治疗反应低的高风险患者来减少治疗失败,获得更多关于风险因素的知识,并对治疗进行评估,我们需要对自然住院病人样本中的治疗反应预测因素有准确的了解。
{"title":"Predicting treatment response using machine learning: A registered report","authors":"Kristin Jankowsky,&nbsp;Lina Krakau,&nbsp;Ulrich Schroeders,&nbsp;Rüdiger Zwerenz,&nbsp;Manfred E. Beutel","doi":"10.1111/bjc.12452","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bjc.12452","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous research on psychotherapy treatment response has mainly focused on outpatients or clinical trial data which may have low ecological validity regarding naturalistic inpatient samples. To reduce treatment failures by proactively screening for patients at risk of low treatment response, gain more knowledge about risk factors and to evaluate treatments, accurate insights about predictors of treatment response in naturalistic inpatient samples are needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We compared the performance of different machine learning algorithms in predicting treatment response, operationalized as a substantial reduction in symptom severity as expressed in the Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale. To achieve this goal, we used different sets of variables—(a) demographics, (b) physical indicators, (c) psychological indicators and (d) treatment-related variables—in a naturalistic inpatient sample (<i>N</i> = 723) to specify their joint and unique contribution to treatment success.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was a strong link between symptom severity at baseline and post-treatment (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = .32). When using all available variables, both machine learning algorithms outperformed the linear regressions and led to an increment in predictive performance of <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = .12. Treatment-related variables were the most predictive, followed psychological indicators. Physical indicators and demographics were negligible.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Treatment response in naturalistic inpatient settings can be predicted to a considerable degree by using baseline indicators. Regularization via machine learning algorithms leads to higher predictive performances as opposed to including nonlinear and interaction effects. Heterogenous aspects of mental health have incremental predictive value and should be considered as prognostic markers when modelling treatment processes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48211,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology","volume":"63 2","pages":"137-155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bjc.12452","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138819293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Predicting treatment response using machine learning: A registered report. 利用机器学习预测治疗反应:注册报告。
IF 3.1 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12452
Kristin Jankowsky, Lina Krakau, Ulrich Schroeders, Rüdiger Zwerenz, Manfred E Beutel

Objective: Previous research on psychotherapy treatment response has mainly focused on outpatients or clinical trial data which may have low ecological validity regarding naturalistic inpatient samples. To reduce treatment failures by proactively screening for patients at risk of low treatment response, gain more knowledge about risk factors and to evaluate treatments, accurate insights about predictors of treatment response in naturalistic inpatient samples are needed.

Methods: We compared the performance of different machine learning algorithms in predicting treatment response, operationalized as a substantial reduction in symptom severity as expressed in the Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale. To achieve this goal, we used different sets of variables-(a) demographics, (b) physical indicators, (c) psychological indicators and (d) treatment-related variables-in a naturalistic inpatient sample (N = 723) to specify their joint and unique contribution to treatment success.

Results: There was a strong link between symptom severity at baseline and post-treatment (R2  = .32). When using all available variables, both machine learning algorithms outperformed the linear regressions and led to an increment in predictive performance of R2  = .12. Treatment-related variables were the most predictive, followed psychological indicators. Physical indicators and demographics were negligible.

Conclusions: Treatment response in naturalistic inpatient settings can be predicted to a considerable degree by using baseline indicators. Regularization via machine learning algorithms leads to higher predictive performances as opposed to including nonlinear and interaction effects. Heterogenous aspects of mental health have incremental predictive value and should be considered as prognostic markers when modelling treatment processes.

研究目的以往有关心理疗法治疗反应的研究主要集中在门诊病人或临床试验数据上,而这些数据对自然住院病人样本的生态效度可能较低。为了通过主动筛查有低治疗反应风险的患者来减少治疗失败,获得更多关于风险因素的知识并评估治疗方法,我们需要对自然住院病人样本中的治疗反应预测因素有准确的了解:我们比较了不同机器学习算法在预测治疗反应方面的性能,治疗反应是指患者健康问卷焦虑和抑郁量表中显示的症状严重程度大幅减轻。为实现这一目标,我们在自然住院病人样本(N = 723)中使用了不同的变量集--(a)人口统计学变量、(b)生理指标变量、(c)心理指标变量和(d)治疗相关变量变量,以明确它们对治疗成功的共同和独特贡献:结果:基线症状严重程度与治疗后症状严重程度之间存在密切联系(R2 = .32)。当使用所有可用变量时,两种机器学习算法的表现均优于线性回归,预测性能提高了 R2 = .12。与治疗相关的变量最具预测性,其次是心理指标。结论:在自然住院患者中,治疗反应是最重要的:结论:利用基线指标可以在很大程度上预测自然住院环境中的治疗反应。与包含非线性效应和交互效应相比,通过机器学习算法进行正则化可获得更高的预测性能。心理健康的异质性方面具有增量预测价值,在对治疗过程建模时应将其视为预后标记。
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引用次数: 0
A new network analysis model in anorexia nervosa patients based on self-reported eating disorder symptoms, psychological distress, and cognitive flexibility 基于自述饮食失调症状、心理困扰和认知灵活性的神经性厌食症患者新网络分析模型
IF 3.1 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2023-12-10 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12451
Sarah Giles, Elizabeth K. Hughes, David Castle, Zoe Jenkins, Andrea Phillipou, Susan Rossell, Gemma Urbini, Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Isabel Krug

Objectives

Cognitive flexibility and psychological distress, such as depression and anxiety, have been implicated in the aetiology of Anorexia Nervosa (AN). Despite the known associations between eating disorder (ED) symptoms, depression, anxiety, and cognitive flexibility, the specific pathways that connect these constructs are unclear. We therefore used network analysis to examine the relationship between these symptoms in an AN sample.

Methods

One hundred and ninety-three treatment-seeking individuals diagnosed with AN (95.6% female, M = 26.89 [SD = 9.45] years old) completed self-report measures assessing depression, anxiety, cognitive flexibility, and ED symptoms. To determine each symptom's influence in the network, we calculated the expected influence.

Results

The two relationships with the greatest edges were those between (1) weight/shape concerns and eating/dietary restraint and (2) weight/shape concerns and psychological distress (a measure that combined depression and anxiety). Cognitive flexibility was not connected to weight/shape concerns but had negative partial associations with eating concerns/dietary restraint and psychological distress. There was also a slight, non-zero connection between eating concerns/dietary restraint and psychological distress.

Conclusions

The findings underscore the importance of weight/shape, eating/dietary concerns, and psychological distress in the AN network and suggest that addressing cognitive flexibility may be a useful target for eating concerns/dietary restraint and psychological distress. Future studies assessing the longitudinal course of psychopathology within the AN network structure may help in identifying whether specific symptoms function as risk factors or maintaining factors for this co-occurrence.

认知灵活性和心理困扰(如抑郁和焦虑)与厌食症(AN)的病因有关。尽管饮食失调(ED)症状、抑郁、焦虑和认知灵活性之间存在已知的关联,但连接这些结构的具体途径尚不清楚。因此,我们使用网络分析来研究厌食症样本中这些症状之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial acknowledgement 编辑致谢
IF 3.1 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12448
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引用次数: 0
Do you feel up when you go up? A pilot study of a virtual reality manic-like mood induction paradigm 你上去的时候感觉起来了吗?虚拟现实躁狂样情绪诱导范式的初步研究。
IF 3.1 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12445
Roanne V. F. J. Glas, Roy E. de Kleijn, Eline J. Regeer, Ralph W. Kupka, Manja A. Koenders

Objectives

In order to understand the working mechanisms of mania, it is necessary to perform studies during the onset of manic (-like) mood states. However, clinical mania is difficult to examine experimentally. A viable method to study manic mood like states is mood induction, but mood induction tasks thus far show variable effectiveness.

Methods

In this pilot study, a new paradigm to induce mood through virtual reality (VR) is examined. Both state characteristics, namely changes in emotion, and trait characteristics, such as high and low scores on the hypomanic personality scale (HPS), were measured in 65 students. These students participated in either a neutral VR mood induction or an activating VR mood induction in which excitement, goal directedness, and tension (being aspects of mania) were induced. All participants performed a risk-taking behavioural task, Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART).

Results

The experimental VR task induced excitement and tension. In participants with higher sensitivity to hypomanic personality (HPS), irritation increased in response to activation whereas it decreased in the low HPS group, and excitement increased more steeply in the low HPS group. There were no effects on the behavioural task.

Conclusions

The VR task is effective in inducing relevant state aspects of hypomania and is suitable as a paradigm for future experimental studies. Activation of dual affective states (excitement and tension) is an essential aspect in manic-like mood induction paradigms.

目的:为了了解躁狂的工作机制,有必要在躁狂(样)情绪状态发作时进行研究。然而,临床躁狂症很难通过实验来检验。一种可行的方法来研究躁狂情绪状态是情绪诱导,但情绪诱导任务到目前为止显示出不同的有效性。方法:在本初步研究中,研究了一种通过虚拟现实(VR)诱导情绪的新范式。对65名学生进行了状态特征(即情绪变化)和特质特征(如轻躁狂人格量表(HPS)的高分和低分)的测量。这些学生参加了中性VR情绪诱导或激活VR情绪诱导,其中兴奋,目标导向和紧张(躁狂的方面)被诱导。所有参与者都执行了一个冒险行为任务,气球模拟风险任务(BART)。结果:实验虚拟现实任务引起兴奋和紧张。在对轻躁狂人格(HPS)敏感程度较高的被试中,刺激在激活反应中增加,而低HPS组的刺激在激活反应中减少,兴奋在低HPS组中增加得更快。对行为任务没有影响。结论:虚拟现实任务在诱导轻躁狂相关状态方面是有效的,适合作为未来实验研究的范式。双情感状态(兴奋和紧张)的激活是躁狂样情绪诱导范式的一个重要方面。
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引用次数: 0
COVID-19 and mental health in the UK: Depression, anxiety and insomnia and their associations with persistent physical symptoms and risk and vulnerability factors 新冠肺炎与英国心理健康:抑郁、焦虑和失眠及其与持续身体症状、风险和脆弱因素的关系。
IF 3.1 3区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12446
Lin Yu, Lance M. McCracken

Objectives

Mental health problems and persistent COVID-19 symptoms were prevalent in the context of COVID-19. However, despite the long-observed association between physical symptoms and mental health problems, such association has not been adequately examined in the context of COVID-19. Our understanding of wider patterns of risk and vulnerability factors for mental health also remains limited. This study investigated the associations between general mental health, and persistent physical symptoms, and additional risk and vulnerability factors in the context of COVID-19.

Methods

Two hundred fourteen adults, living in the UK, recruited via social media, completed the online survey and were included in the analyses. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations of persistent physical symptoms and risk and vulnerability factors with measures of general mental health including depressive symptoms, anxiety and insomnia.

Results

78.5% of the participants reported between 1 and 26 persistent symptoms, and about 28%–92% of them associated these symptoms with COVID-19 infection. Persistent physical symptoms were uniquely associated with all measures of mental health, β = .19–.32. Mental health history and worries were the most prominent risk factors, |β| = .12–.43.

Conclusions

People who experience more persistent physical symptoms post-COVID-19 have poorer mental health. It may be important to consider and discuss the recovery from COVID-19 beyond a negative COVID-19 test. Multidisciplinary interventions that address the complex impact of COVID-19 for people with long COVID are needed.

目的:心理健康问题和持续的新冠肺炎症状在新冠肺炎背景下普遍存在。然而,尽管长期观察到身体症状和心理健康问题之间的关联,但尚未在新冠肺炎的背景下充分研究这种关联。我们对心理健康风险和脆弱性因素的更广泛模式的理解仍然有限。这项研究调查了COVID-19背景下一般心理健康、持续身体症状以及其他风险和脆弱性因素之间的关联。方法:214名居住在英国的成年人通过社交媒体招募完成了在线调查并纳入分析。进行了相关和回归分析,以检验持续的身体症状、风险和脆弱性因素与一般心理健康指标(包括抑郁症状、焦虑和失眠)的相关性。结果:78.5%的参与者报告了1至26种持续症状,其中约28%-92%的参与者将这些症状与新冠肺炎感染联系起来。持续的身体症状与所有心理健康指标都有独特的相关性,β = .19-.32.心理健康史和担忧是最突出的危险因素,|β| = .12-.43结论:COVID-19后出现更持久身体症状的人心理健康状况较差。在新冠肺炎检测呈阴性后,考虑和讨论新冠肺炎的康复可能很重要。需要采取多学科干预措施,解决新冠肺炎对长期新冠肺炎患者的复杂影响。
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British Journal of Clinical Psychology
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