Abstract Interest in regional convergence in mean incomes has been rekindled by findings that suggest a shift from convergence to divergence. While the majority of existing research has explored convergence in mean incomes, this research focuses specifically on the convergence/divergence of interpersonal income distributions across regions, referred to throughout the study as comparative inter-regional inter-personal income distributions (CIRIPID). The findings suggest that CIRIPID, as measured by the Gini coefficient, converge across countries, but that heterogenous trends are visible within countries. The results highlight that in some countries regions are becoming equally more unequal, while others see regional Gini coefficients trend towards a lower level of inequality. The study also explores the impact of systems of government on CIRIPID. In addition, the study draws on the convergence club methodology to identify heterogeneous CIRIPID convergence paths within countries.
{"title":"Is income inequality converging at the regional level? Evidence from LIS data","authors":"Philipp Erfurth","doi":"10.1093/jeg/lbad029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbad029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Interest in regional convergence in mean incomes has been rekindled by findings that suggest a shift from convergence to divergence. While the majority of existing research has explored convergence in mean incomes, this research focuses specifically on the convergence/divergence of interpersonal income distributions across regions, referred to throughout the study as comparative inter-regional inter-personal income distributions (CIRIPID). The findings suggest that CIRIPID, as measured by the Gini coefficient, converge across countries, but that heterogenous trends are visible within countries. The results highlight that in some countries regions are becoming equally more unequal, while others see regional Gini coefficients trend towards a lower level of inequality. The study also explores the impact of systems of government on CIRIPID. In addition, the study draws on the convergence club methodology to identify heterogeneous CIRIPID convergence paths within countries.","PeriodicalId":48251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136012896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study investigates the decoupling of Ukrainian aerospace, defense and electro-engineering industries resulting from the Russian Crimean annexation in 2014. Conceptually, we contribute to global value chain/global production network research by developing the notion of geopolitical decoupling, thus augmenting the existing 2-fold typology. Moreover, the article elaborates a typology of recoupling. Empirically, we investigate patterns of decoupling from Russia and recoupling via alternative production networks as well as patterns of decoupling/recoupling according to the position of companies in the production hierarchy. We found a neat pattern of decoupling from Russia according to tier but profoundly different dynamics of recoupling with the European Union and Asia.
{"title":"Geopolitical decoupling and global production networks: the case of Ukrainian industries after the 2014 Crimean annexation","authors":"Jiří Blažek, Anton Lypianin","doi":"10.1093/jeg/lbad026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbad026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigates the decoupling of Ukrainian aerospace, defense and electro-engineering industries resulting from the Russian Crimean annexation in 2014. Conceptually, we contribute to global value chain/global production network research by developing the notion of geopolitical decoupling, thus augmenting the existing 2-fold typology. Moreover, the article elaborates a typology of recoupling. Empirically, we investigate patterns of decoupling from Russia and recoupling via alternative production networks as well as patterns of decoupling/recoupling according to the position of companies in the production hierarchy. We found a neat pattern of decoupling from Russia according to tier but profoundly different dynamics of recoupling with the European Union and Asia.","PeriodicalId":48251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136063295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article examines economic resilience by combining high-frequency truck flows and the lockdown policy shock during COVID-19 in China. We discover that the truck flows in regions with higher levels of diversification and vertical integration see a smaller decrease in response to the COVID-19 shock. Dynamically, such moderating effects of diversification and vertical integration get smaller with the recovery of interregional economic linkages. Diversification and integration also mitigate the negative impact from nonlocal infection cases. The association between the industrial structure attributes and economic resilience is more prominent in regions with lower centrality in the nationwide intercity truck flow network.
{"title":"Diversification, vertical integration and economic resilience: evidence from intercity truck flows during COVID-19 in China","authors":"Da Fang, Yan Guo, Haochen Zhang","doi":"10.1093/jeg/lbad022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbad022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article examines economic resilience by combining high-frequency truck flows and the lockdown policy shock during COVID-19 in China. We discover that the truck flows in regions with higher levels of diversification and vertical integration see a smaller decrease in response to the COVID-19 shock. Dynamically, such moderating effects of diversification and vertical integration get smaller with the recovery of interregional economic linkages. Diversification and integration also mitigate the negative impact from nonlocal infection cases. The association between the industrial structure attributes and economic resilience is more prominent in regions with lower centrality in the nationwide intercity truck flow network.","PeriodicalId":48251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136063785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michiel N Daams, Philip McCann, Paolo Veneri, Richard Barkham, Dennis Schoenmaker
Abstract This article exploits signals of capital pricing and availability in US cities which are obtained from uniquely detailed data on real estate investments. We identify how places were differently affected by the global financial crisis and provide insights which offer an alternative explanation of why US economic growth continues to experience spatial divergence after many decades of convergence. Investment pricing uncovers that before the crisis capital was allocated efficiently across localities, whereas the global financial shock favored large and prosperous places. These findings point to persistent post-crisis asymmetry in local capital market conditions and underscore the capital risk-safety aspects of agglomeration.
{"title":"Capital shocks and the great urban divide","authors":"Michiel N Daams, Philip McCann, Paolo Veneri, Richard Barkham, Dennis Schoenmaker","doi":"10.1093/jeg/lbad023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbad023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article exploits signals of capital pricing and availability in US cities which are obtained from uniquely detailed data on real estate investments. We identify how places were differently affected by the global financial crisis and provide insights which offer an alternative explanation of why US economic growth continues to experience spatial divergence after many decades of convergence. Investment pricing uncovers that before the crisis capital was allocated efficiently across localities, whereas the global financial shock favored large and prosperous places. These findings point to persistent post-crisis asymmetry in local capital market conditions and underscore the capital risk-safety aspects of agglomeration.","PeriodicalId":48251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135198814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study investigates the effects of urban regeneration on crime, leveraging recent large-scale regeneration projects—called Transformational Regeneration Areas (TRAs)—in Glasgow, Scotland. We employ a difference-in-differences approach that makes use of variation in both the timing of TRA implementation, and in proximity to these areas to measure exposure to urban regeneration projects. We find a large and significant reduction in crime within 400 m of TRAs but this effect fades as we move further away. Simultaneously, we find no evidence of city-wide reductions in crime after urban regeneration.
{"title":"Urban regeneration projects and crime: evidence from Glasgow","authors":"Daniel Borbely, Gennaro Rossi","doi":"10.1093/jeg/lbad021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbad021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigates the effects of urban regeneration on crime, leveraging recent large-scale regeneration projects—called Transformational Regeneration Areas (TRAs)—in Glasgow, Scotland. We employ a difference-in-differences approach that makes use of variation in both the timing of TRA implementation, and in proximity to these areas to measure exposure to urban regeneration projects. We find a large and significant reduction in crime within 400 m of TRAs but this effect fades as we move further away. Simultaneously, we find no evidence of city-wide reductions in crime after urban regeneration.","PeriodicalId":48251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135552828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract We interviewed 379 bank CEOs in 20 emerging markets to identify their banks’ main competitors. We show that banks are more likely to identify another bank as a main competitor in small-business lending when both banks are foreign owned or relationship oriented; when there exists a large spatial overlap in their branch networks and when the potential competitor has fewer hierarchical layers. We then construct a novel bilateral competition measure at the locality level and assess how well it explains geographic variation in firms’ credit constraints. We show that intense bilateral bank competition tightens local credit constraints, especially for small firms, as competition may impede the formation of lending relationships.
{"title":"Close competitors? Bilateral bank competition and spatial variation in firms’ access to credit","authors":"Ralph De Haas, Liping Lu, Steven Ongena","doi":"10.1093/jeg/lbad020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbad020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We interviewed 379 bank CEOs in 20 emerging markets to identify their banks’ main competitors. We show that banks are more likely to identify another bank as a main competitor in small-business lending when both banks are foreign owned or relationship oriented; when there exists a large spatial overlap in their branch networks and when the potential competitor has fewer hierarchical layers. We then construct a novel bilateral competition measure at the locality level and assess how well it explains geographic variation in firms’ credit constraints. We show that intense bilateral bank competition tightens local credit constraints, especially for small firms, as competition may impede the formation of lending relationships.","PeriodicalId":48251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135966416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract We examine the ‘institutional configuration’ that makes land titles work as collateral in Tanzania’s nascent credit market, through the ‘institutional work’ of local lenders. This work is effective and precarious: while lenders seek out and create institutional complementarities across diverse domains, they also require higher-level regulation to help stabilise land titles’ fungibility as collateral. Our results contribute to knowledge on path-dependency, contingency and uneven trajectories in the property-credit nexus development, and advance understandings of institutional interdependencies and coevolution in the situated economy. By combining deep contextualisation and institutional analysis, we progress an empirical engagement with institutional research in economic geography.
{"title":"Institutional work: how lenders transform land titles into collateral in urban Tanzania","authors":"Martina Manara, Erica Pani","doi":"10.1093/jeg/lbad019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbad019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We examine the ‘institutional configuration’ that makes land titles work as collateral in Tanzania’s nascent credit market, through the ‘institutional work’ of local lenders. This work is effective and precarious: while lenders seek out and create institutional complementarities across diverse domains, they also require higher-level regulation to help stabilise land titles’ fungibility as collateral. Our results contribute to knowledge on path-dependency, contingency and uneven trajectories in the property-credit nexus development, and advance understandings of institutional interdependencies and coevolution in the situated economy. By combining deep contextualisation and institutional analysis, we progress an empirical engagement with institutional research in economic geography.","PeriodicalId":48251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134989956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the role of work at the cutting of technological change—frontier work—as a driver of prosperity and spatial income inequality. Using new methods and data, we analyze the geography and incomes of frontier workers from 1880 to 2019. Initially, frontier work is concentrated in a set of ‘seedbed’ locations, contributing to rising spatial inequality through powerful localized wage premiums. As technologies mature, the economic distinctiveness of frontier work diminishes, as ultimately happened to cities like Manchester and Detroit. Our work uncovers a plausible general origin story of the unfolding of spatial income inequality.
{"title":"Frontier workers and the seedbeds of inequality and prosperity","authors":"D. Connor, T. Kemeny, M. Storper","doi":"10.1093/jeg/lbad018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbad018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article examines the role of work at the cutting of technological change—frontier work—as a driver of prosperity and spatial income inequality. Using new methods and data, we analyze the geography and incomes of frontier workers from 1880 to 2019. Initially, frontier work is concentrated in a set of ‘seedbed’ locations, contributing to rising spatial inequality through powerful localized wage premiums. As technologies mature, the economic distinctiveness of frontier work diminishes, as ultimately happened to cities like Manchester and Detroit. Our work uncovers a plausible general origin story of the unfolding of spatial income inequality.","PeriodicalId":48251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48194866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Right-wing populism and related geographies of discontent have become central subjects in the recent debate on regional inequalities. The present contribution seeks to complement existing, predominantly synoptic approaches by looking at specific economic practices of local actors. We argue that exclusionary regional political identities are transferred to firms and shape corporate practices. Using 65 semi-structured interviews with representatives from firms in East Thuringia, we analyze these processes and how they affect recruitment, customer-relations and local business networks in different types of firms. Furthermore, we show that these practices can have a negative impact on the business location and thus contribute to the consolidation of existing regional inequalities.
{"title":"Populist resentments and identities and their repercussions on firms and regions. The example of East Thuringia","authors":"Sebastian Henn, M. Hannemann","doi":"10.1093/jeg/lbad017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbad017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Right-wing populism and related geographies of discontent have become central subjects in the recent debate on regional inequalities. The present contribution seeks to complement existing, predominantly synoptic approaches by looking at specific economic practices of local actors. We argue that exclusionary regional political identities are transferred to firms and shape corporate practices. Using 65 semi-structured interviews with representatives from firms in East Thuringia, we analyze these processes and how they affect recruitment, customer-relations and local business networks in different types of firms. Furthermore, we show that these practices can have a negative impact on the business location and thus contribute to the consolidation of existing regional inequalities.","PeriodicalId":48251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44796034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Why did rural areas recover from the great recession much more slowly than metropolitan areas? Due to declining tax revenues and intergovernmental aid, employment in the American local government sector fell substantially after the great recession. Cuts to local public employment were especially large, long-lasting and consequential in rural areas, which have become relatively dependent on public-sector employment and intergovernmental transfers. The public sector is relatively inconsequential in urban America, but in many rural places, a decade after the great recession, the public sector was the slowest category of employment to recover and the leading source of long-term job losses.
{"title":"The great recession and the public sector in rural America","authors":"J. Rodden","doi":"10.1093/jeg/lbad015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbad015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Why did rural areas recover from the great recession much more slowly than metropolitan areas? Due to declining tax revenues and intergovernmental aid, employment in the American local government sector fell substantially after the great recession. Cuts to local public employment were especially large, long-lasting and consequential in rural areas, which have become relatively dependent on public-sector employment and intergovernmental transfers. The public sector is relatively inconsequential in urban America, but in many rural places, a decade after the great recession, the public sector was the slowest category of employment to recover and the leading source of long-term job losses.","PeriodicalId":48251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41546070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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