Using the 2016 merger of French regions as a natural experiment, this paper adopts a difference-in-differences identification strategy to recover its causal impact on individual subjective well-being. No depressing effect is found in the short term; life satisfaction has even increased in regions that were absorbed from both economic and political viewpoints. The empirical evidence at stake suggests that local economic performance has enhanced in these regions, which includes a faster decline of the unemployment rate. In the context of a unitary state, economic gains have therefore outweighed cultural attachment to administrative regions.
{"title":"Citizens’ attitude towards subnational borders: evidence from the merger of French regions","authors":"L. Wilner","doi":"10.1093/jeg/lbac032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbac032","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Using the 2016 merger of French regions as a natural experiment, this paper adopts a difference-in-differences identification strategy to recover its causal impact on individual subjective well-being. No depressing effect is found in the short term; life satisfaction has even increased in regions that were absorbed from both economic and political viewpoints. The empirical evidence at stake suggests that local economic performance has enhanced in these regions, which includes a faster decline of the unemployment rate. In the context of a unitary state, economic gains have therefore outweighed cultural attachment to administrative regions.","PeriodicalId":48251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43988439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Johannes Glückler, Richard Shearmur, Kirsten Martinus
The continued emphasis on innovation in urban and clustered settings has led many geographers to conceive peripheries as laggard and non-innovative. After reconstructing discussions of the periphery in the context of the geography of firm-level innovation, we argue that normative connotations should be stripped away, and that ‘periphery’ and ‘center’ are better understood as positions in a field. We draw upon concepts current in network theory and propose a relational definition of periphery as a distant, dispersed and disconnected position relative to a core within a field. A key distinction is made between the position of an actor in geographical space (location) and the position of an actor in a social network of relations. Combining geographic and network dimensions of an actor’s position, our aim in this article is to propose a dual core-periphery framework which provides the vocabulary and concepts to empirically scrutinize the role of periphery in innovation processes. Although we focus on the geography of innovation, this framework can be applied more broadly to discussions of peripherality.
{"title":"Liability or opportunity? Reconceptualizing the periphery and its role in innovation","authors":"Johannes Glückler, Richard Shearmur, Kirsten Martinus","doi":"10.1093/jeg/lbac028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbac028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The continued emphasis on innovation in urban and clustered settings has led many geographers to conceive peripheries as laggard and non-innovative. After reconstructing discussions of the periphery in the context of the geography of firm-level innovation, we argue that normative connotations should be stripped away, and that ‘periphery’ and ‘center’ are better understood as positions in a field. We draw upon concepts current in network theory and propose a relational definition of periphery as a distant, dispersed and disconnected position relative to a core within a field. A key distinction is made between the position of an actor in geographical space (location) and the position of an actor in a social network of relations. Combining geographic and network dimensions of an actor’s position, our aim in this article is to propose a dual core-periphery framework which provides the vocabulary and concepts to empirically scrutinize the role of periphery in innovation processes. Although we focus on the geography of innovation, this framework can be applied more broadly to discussions of peripherality.","PeriodicalId":48251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44417887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We perform, to our best knowledge, the first systematic mapping of the foundational economy (FE) at the sub-national level by looking at the FE employment in Swedish regions between 2007 and 2016. We show that the FE itself not only suffered less than traded activities from employment decline during the Great Recession of 2007–2009 but was also a domain of substantial job creation in the post-crisis recovery. At the same time, regions with higher dependence on foundational employment were hit harder during the crisis in terms of overall labour market performance. We demonstrate that it is specific compositions of foundational and traded activities in the regional employment mix that relate differently to regional employment growth in times of crisis and recovery. Jointly, these findings allow us to contribute to the literatures on the FE and regional resilience.
{"title":"Can foundational economy save regions in crisis?","authors":"Mikhail Martynovich, Teis Hansen, K. Lundquist","doi":"10.1093/jeg/lbac027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbac027","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We perform, to our best knowledge, the first systematic mapping of the foundational economy (FE) at the sub-national level by looking at the FE employment in Swedish regions between 2007 and 2016. We show that the FE itself not only suffered less than traded activities from employment decline during the Great Recession of 2007–2009 but was also a domain of substantial job creation in the post-crisis recovery. At the same time, regions with higher dependence on foundational employment were hit harder during the crisis in terms of overall labour market performance. We demonstrate that it is specific compositions of foundational and traded activities in the regional employment mix that relate differently to regional employment growth in times of crisis and recovery. Jointly, these findings allow us to contribute to the literatures on the FE and regional resilience.","PeriodicalId":48251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45692594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using an event study approach and a novel data set that links administrative information on German establishments with exact distance measures from geo-referenced address data, we analyze the net impact of mass layoffs on local employment. We find that local spillovers significantly attenuate the direct impact of mass layoffs on municipal-level employment. About a quarter of the 1-year direct employment loss due to a mass layoff event is absorbed within the same municipality. Local spillovers are especially pronounced very close to the mass layoff site; the majority of the absorption is concentrated within a 1000-m radius. There is little evidence of spillovers beyond the affected municipality.
{"title":"Effects of mass layoffs on local employment—evidence from geo-referenced data","authors":"Philipp vom Berge, A. Schmillen","doi":"10.1093/jeg/lbac026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbac026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Using an event study approach and a novel data set that links administrative information on German establishments with exact distance measures from geo-referenced address data, we analyze the net impact of mass layoffs on local employment. We find that local spillovers significantly attenuate the direct impact of mass layoffs on municipal-level employment. About a quarter of the 1-year direct employment loss due to a mass layoff event is absorbed within the same municipality. Local spillovers are especially pronounced very close to the mass layoff site; the majority of the absorption is concentrated within a 1000-m radius. There is little evidence of spillovers beyond the affected municipality.","PeriodicalId":48251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48921486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article advances a new approach using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) for identifying and delineating spatial agglomerations and applies it to venture-backed startups. HCA identifies nested clusters at varying aggregation levels. We describe two methods for selecting a particular aggregation level and the associated agglomerations. The ‘elbow method’ relies entirely on geographic information. Our preferred method, the ‘regression method’, uses geographic information and venture capital investment data and identifies finer agglomerations, often the size of a small neighborhood. We use heat maps to illustrate how agglomerations evolve and we describe how our methods can help assess agglomeration support policies.
{"title":"A new method for identifying and delineating spatial agglomerations with application to venture-backed startups","authors":"Edward J. Egan, James A. Brander","doi":"10.1093/jeg/lbac024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbac024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article advances a new approach using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) for identifying and delineating spatial agglomerations and applies it to venture-backed startups. HCA identifies nested clusters at varying aggregation levels. We describe two methods for selecting a particular aggregation level and the associated agglomerations. The ‘elbow method’ relies entirely on geographic information. Our preferred method, the ‘regression method’, uses geographic information and venture capital investment data and identifies finer agglomerations, often the size of a small neighborhood. We use heat maps to illustrate how agglomerations evolve and we describe how our methods can help assess agglomeration support policies.","PeriodicalId":48251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46919513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We examine the fertility impact of a family-based regularization policy granting temporary legal status to unauthorized immigrants based on their offspring’s citizenship. The policy, enacted through a 2011 Royal Decree in Spain, allows for unauthorized parents of eligible nationalities to become temporary legal residents if they have a Spanish minor. Using data from the Spanish Labor Force Survey (2007–2016), along with a quasi-experimental approach that exploits the change in legal residency eligibility requirements, we show that the policy has significantly increased the childbearing likelihood of eligible mothers, even though the overall increase in fertility nationwide remains trivial.
{"title":"Fertility implications of family-based regularizations","authors":"Catalina Amuedo‐Dorantes, Cristina Borra, Noelia Rivera-Garrido","doi":"10.1093/jeg/lbac023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbac023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We examine the fertility impact of a family-based regularization policy granting temporary legal status to unauthorized immigrants based on their offspring’s citizenship. The policy, enacted through a 2011 Royal Decree in Spain, allows for unauthorized parents of eligible nationalities to become temporary legal residents if they have a Spanish minor. Using data from the Spanish Labor Force Survey (2007–2016), along with a quasi-experimental approach that exploits the change in legal residency eligibility requirements, we show that the policy has significantly increased the childbearing likelihood of eligible mothers, even though the overall increase in fertility nationwide remains trivial.","PeriodicalId":48251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43118639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article investigates the effects of female immigration to the Dominican Republic (DR)—most of which is from Haiti and of low-education levels—on the labor supply of native women. Using individual-level data for 2003–2016 and exploiting geographic variation in early immigrant settlements together with time variation in female immigration inflows, we find that female immigration has led to disparate outcomes across women of different education levels and family structures. In line with the evidence from developed countries, female immigration to the DR is associated with an increase in the hours worked by highly educated native women with family dependents (relative to equally educated women without dependents). However, for low-educated native women, female immigration is associated with a decrease in hours worked and in earnings. Our results underscore the importance of studying the disparate effects of migration on vulnerable groups in developing countries.
{"title":"South–south migration and female labor supply in the Dominican Republic","authors":"Tatiana Hiller, Marisol Rodríguez Chatruc","doi":"10.1093/jeg/lbac021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbac021","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the effects of female immigration to the Dominican Republic (DR)—most of which is from Haiti and of low-education levels—on the labor supply of native women. Using individual-level data for 2003–2016 and exploiting geographic variation in early immigrant settlements together with time variation in female immigration inflows, we find that female immigration has led to disparate outcomes across women of different education levels and family structures. In line with the evidence from developed countries, female immigration to the DR is associated with an increase in the hours worked by highly educated native women with family dependents (relative to equally educated women without dependents). However, for low-educated native women, female immigration is associated with a decrease in hours worked and in earnings. Our results underscore the importance of studying the disparate effects of migration on vulnerable groups in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":48251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138529710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For academics and policymakers invested in regional economic development, two pertinent questions are how innovative city-regions rise and whether it is inevitable that innovative city-regions will fall. Using data from 8 million patents granted to U.S.-based inventors between 1850 and 1999, this study describes a general process that city-regions undergo as innovation begins, expands, declines and (sometimes) resurges in regions. The results of the study show that inventors experiment with a small number of promising, diverse and non-local ideas in the years before innovation in their home regions begins to grow, that inventors build on early locally introduced ideas as innovation in their home regions expands, and that inventors experiment with relatively homogeneous sets of ideas shortly before innovation in their home regions declines. The results also show that declining U.S. city-regions rarely experience second waves of local innovative growth. However, when they do experience second waves, those waves are anticipated by changes in the knowledge sourcing strategies of local inventors. In particular, the years leading up to second cycles of regional innovative growth, local inventors experiment with promising, diverse and non-local ideas.
{"title":"Cycles of regional innovative growth","authors":"C. Esposito","doi":"10.1093/jeg/lbac020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbac020","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 For academics and policymakers invested in regional economic development, two pertinent questions are how innovative city-regions rise and whether it is inevitable that innovative city-regions will fall. Using data from 8 million patents granted to U.S.-based inventors between 1850 and 1999, this study describes a general process that city-regions undergo as innovation begins, expands, declines and (sometimes) resurges in regions. The results of the study show that inventors experiment with a small number of promising, diverse and non-local ideas in the years before innovation in their home regions begins to grow, that inventors build on early locally introduced ideas as innovation in their home regions expands, and that inventors experiment with relatively homogeneous sets of ideas shortly before innovation in their home regions declines. The results also show that declining U.S. city-regions rarely experience second waves of local innovative growth. However, when they do experience second waves, those waves are anticipated by changes in the knowledge sourcing strategies of local inventors. In particular, the years leading up to second cycles of regional innovative growth, local inventors experiment with promising, diverse and non-local ideas.","PeriodicalId":48251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47284375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article critically assesses state–market relations through a comparative firm-level study of state-led development in the China–Myanmar border region. It develops a framework that foregrounds how market building is a contingent and multi-scalar process that underpins the reproduction of stable state rule. The framework is utilized to examine state-led attempts in Ruili, a border city in Yunnan province, to attract Yinxiang, a privately owned firm, and Beijing Automotive Industry Holding Corporation (BAIC), a state-owned enterprise (SOEs), to launch flagship manufacturing projects. The contrasting performance of these firms—Yinxiang successfully captured its target market in Myanmar while BAIC did not even commence production—foregrounds a pronounced tension in the ongoing market reforms. On the one hand, attempts at giving market actors more autonomy in resource allocation through supply-side structural reforms continue to be shaped by the institutional legacy of reciprocal accountability. On the other hand, the Chinese state’s willingness to allow BAIC’s investment to fail suggests it is serious about subjecting both local governments and SOEs to demand-side discipline. These findings collectively generate one distinct contribution to existing research on state–market relations: market activities are embedded within state-building processes in place-specific and often unpredictable ways.
{"title":"Making markets ‘decisive’: a firm-level evaluation of state-led development in the China–Myanmar border region","authors":"Kean Fan Lim, Xiaobo Su","doi":"10.1093/jeg/lbac022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbac022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article critically assesses state–market relations through a comparative firm-level study of state-led development in the China–Myanmar border region. It develops a framework that foregrounds how market building is a contingent and multi-scalar process that underpins the reproduction of stable state rule. The framework is utilized to examine state-led attempts in Ruili, a border city in Yunnan province, to attract Yinxiang, a privately owned firm, and Beijing Automotive Industry Holding Corporation (BAIC), a state-owned enterprise (SOEs), to launch flagship manufacturing projects. The contrasting performance of these firms—Yinxiang successfully captured its target market in Myanmar while BAIC did not even commence production—foregrounds a pronounced tension in the ongoing market reforms. On the one hand, attempts at giving market actors more autonomy in resource allocation through supply-side structural reforms continue to be shaped by the institutional legacy of reciprocal accountability. On the other hand, the Chinese state’s willingness to allow BAIC’s investment to fail suggests it is serious about subjecting both local governments and SOEs to demand-side discipline. These findings collectively generate one distinct contribution to existing research on state–market relations: market activities are embedded within state-building processes in place-specific and often unpredictable ways.","PeriodicalId":48251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43809667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We identify and quantify the impact of subways on equalising academic achievement in an urban school choice setting. Specifically, we study the short- and medium-term effects of a massive subway network expansion in Chile on the academic achievement gap between low- and high-performing students. Estimates are derived using fixed-effects models. Closer proximity to the subway network is associated with the equalisation of academic achievements. In the medium-term (3 years after the opening of the subway stations), the gap between low- and high-achievers decreased by 5% of a standard deviation.
{"title":"Transit, academic achievement and equalisation: evidence from a subway expansion","authors":"Kenzo Asahi, Ignacia Pinto","doi":"10.1093/jeg/lbac017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbac017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We identify and quantify the impact of subways on equalising academic achievement in an urban school choice setting. Specifically, we study the short- and medium-term effects of a massive subway network expansion in Chile on the academic achievement gap between low- and high-performing students. Estimates are derived using fixed-effects models. Closer proximity to the subway network is associated with the equalisation of academic achievements. In the medium-term (3 years after the opening of the subway stations), the gap between low- and high-achievers decreased by 5% of a standard deviation.","PeriodicalId":48251,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48681974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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