British Journal of Social Work最新文献

Walking aid training as a clinical competence in Canadian entry-to-practice professional academic programs. 行走辅助训练是加拿大入职专业学术课程中的一项临床能力。

IF 2.2 3区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL WORK

British Journal of Social Work

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2022.2070675

Ranita H K Manocha, Krista L Best, Caroline Charette, Hannah Curlock, Merissa Sigfusson, Céline Faure, William C Miller, François Routhier

Purpose: Multiple healthcare professionals fit walking aids (WA) and train individuals on their use. The purpose of this investigation was to describe curricula on WA fitting and training in Canadian entry-to-practice professional programs.

Materials and methods: An online survey was administered to leads from all accredited programs (n = 199). Seventeen questions asked about the importance of WA education, instructional methods and time dedicated to WA fitting and skills training, and how the pandemic had affected WA curriculum delivery.

Results: Responses were received from 97 programs. While most occupational therapy (OT, 8/15), physiatry (PM&R, 5/9), and physical therapy (PT, 12/19) trainees received more than 3 h of instruction on WA fitting, most nursing (29/40) and pharmacy (7/8) programs spent less than 3 h on this topic. Most OT (9/15) and PT (15/19) programs spent more than 3 h on WA skills training whereas most nursing (25/40), pharmacy (4/8), and PM&R (5/9) programs spent less than 3 h on this subject. Across all programs, 52% educated students on adapting activities of daily living for WA while 18% provided education on WA maintenance and repair. Only 19/89 programs consulted a formal WA skills training resource for curriculum development. Seventeen of 55 programs modified their WA curricula due to the pandemic.

Conclusions: There is a wide range in curricular approaches to WA education in Canadian professional programs. This highlights the need for a standardised WA education program to guide curricular development to ultimately improve safe WA use for clients with short- and long-term mobility impairments.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONCurricula on walking aids is extremely variable within and between programs.Navigating terrains, adapting activities of daily living, and maintenance are poorly taught.There is a need for a national standardized curriculum on walking aids.This curriculum should be modular and designed for practitioners, students, and patients.

目的：多位医疗保健专业人员为个人装配助行器（WA）并对其使用进行培训。本调查旨在描述加拿大入职专业课程中有关助行器装配和培训的课程：对所有获得认证的课程（n = 199）的负责人进行了在线调查。17 个问题涉及 WA 教育的重要性、教学方法、专门用于 WA 装配和技能培训的时间，以及大流行对 WA 课程实施的影响：结果：共收到 97 个项目的回复。大多数职业治疗（OT，8/15）、物理治疗（PM&R，5/9）和物理治疗（PT，12/19）专业的学员接受了 3 小时以上的 WA 穿戴指导，而大多数护理（29/40）和药学（7/8）专业在此方面的时间则少于 3 小时。大多数定向行走（9/15）和定向行走（15/19）课程在全麻技能培训上花费的时间超过 3 小时，而大多数护理（25/40）、药学（4/8）和 PM&R （5/9）课程在这一主题上花费的时间少于 3 小时。在所有课程中，52%的课程教育学生如何调整日常生活活动以适应 WA，18%的课程提供 WA 维护和修理方面的教育。只有 19/89 个项目在课程开发中参考了正规的伤残人士技能培训资源。55 个项目中有 17 个因大流行病而修改了他们的 WA 课程：加拿大专业课程中的 WA 教育课程设置方法差异很大。这突出表明，有必要制定一个标准化的助行器教育计划来指导课程开发，以最终提高短期和长期行动障碍患者使用助行器的安全性。

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引用次数: 0

Re-Envisioning Field Education in Australian Social Work to Combat Placement Poverty: Students’, Educators’ and Practitioners’ Perceptions 重新设想澳大利亚社会工作中的实地教育，以对抗安置贫困:学生，教育者和实践者的看法

3区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL WORK

British Journal of Social Work

Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1093/bjsw/bcad229

Christine Morley, Vanessa Ryan, Lisa Hodge, Maree Higgins, Linda Briskman, Robyn Martin

Abstract In Australia, pressure is mounting from multiple stakeholders for a full review of the national social work education standards for field education as evidence grows about compulsory, unpaid placements exacerbating student poverty and the related adverse consequences for students’ learning and well-being. This article reports on the findings of an Australian nation-wide qualitative and quantitative survey that explored social work students’, educators’ and practitioners’ perceptions of proposed strategies to address the challenges identified with existing field education requirements. Descriptive statistics were calculated using Excel. Qualitative data were coded for thematic analysis. The main finding of the survey involving 1,191 participants was a call for a reimagined model of field education with flexibility in all aspects of how future placements are conceptualised, structured and delivered. The findings provide important and previously unavailable empirical evidence about field education strategies to inform and support the reimagining of existing Australian Social Work Education and Accreditation Standards. Recommendations for change, which have implications for both the Australian Association of Social Workers and the Australian Government, are discussed in the context of international standards for social work education and the social justice goals of the profession.

在澳大利亚，来自多个利益相关者的压力越来越大，要求对国家社会工作教育标准进行全面审查，因为越来越多的证据表明，强制性的、无薪的实习加剧了学生的贫困，并对学生的学习和福祉产生了相关的不利后果。本文报告了澳大利亚全国范围内的定性和定量调查的结果，该调查探讨了社会工作学生、教育工作者和从业人员对解决现有实地教育要求所确定的挑战的拟议策略的看法。描述性统计采用Excel计算。对定性数据进行编码，以便进行专题分析。这项涉及1191名参与者的调查的主要发现是，人们呼吁重新构想一种实地教育模式，在未来实习的概念化、结构和交付的各个方面都具有灵活性。研究结果为现场教育策略提供了重要的和以前无法获得的经验证据，以告知和支持现有澳大利亚社会工作教育和认证标准的重新构想。对澳大利亚社会工作者协会和澳大利亚政府都有影响的变革建议，在社会工作教育的国际标准和专业的社会正义目标的背景下进行了讨论。

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引用次数: 0

Can Social Workers Estimate the Likelihood of Future Actions and Events? A Forecasting Accuracy Study 社会工作者能否估计未来行动和事件的可能性?预测精度研究

3区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL WORK

British Journal of Social Work

Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1093/bjsw/bcad234

David Wilkins, Melissa Meindl

Abstract Social workers routinely make decisions and formulate care plans in the course of their work with children and families. These decisions and care plans are based at least in part on the professional judgement of the worker. An important component of judgemental quality is the extent to which explicit or implicit forecasts about the likelihood of different future actions and events are made with accuracy. In this article, we report an analysis of 21,193 forecasts made by 581 child and family social workers in England about the likelihood of different future actions and events following referrals to children’s services. We found that the more likely social workers said an action or event was to happen (as the forecast likelihood increased towards 100 per cent), the more often it occurred. However, we also found that social workers tend to over-estimate the likelihood of almost all specified future actions and events. Social workers were most accurate when forecasting something to be very unlikely, and less accurate when they forecast something to be likely or very likely. We consider these findings in relation to false positive and negative errors in child protection, and the theory of judgemental rationalism.

社会工作者在为儿童和家庭服务的过程中，通常会做出决定并制定护理计划。这些决定和护理计划至少部分是基于工作人员的专业判断。判断质量的一个重要组成部分是对未来不同行动和事件的可能性作出的明确或隐含预测的准确性。在这篇文章中，我们报告了对英国581名儿童和家庭社会工作者所做的21,193项预测的分析，这些预测是关于转到儿童服务机构后不同未来行动和事件的可能性。我们发现，社会工作者越有可能预测一个行动或事件会发生(当预测的可能性增加到100%时)，它发生的频率就越高。然而，我们也发现社会工作者倾向于高估几乎所有指定的未来行动和事件的可能性。社会工作者在预测不太可能发生的事情时最准确，而在预测可能发生或非常可能发生的事情时则不太准确。我们认为这些发现与儿童保护中的假阳性和阴性错误以及判断理性主义理论有关。

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引用次数: 0

Role of Peer Support in Building Motivation to Change Addictive Behaviour 同伴支持在建立改变成瘾行为动机中的作用

3区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL WORK

British Journal of Social Work

Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1093/bjsw/bcad236

Markéta Čtvrtečková, Alžběta Stromšíková, Lukáš Roman

Abstract This article deals with the results of a qualitative, multiple-case study that examined the impact of peer support on motivation for change amongst service users in a drug addiction recovery program. A total of nine semi-structured interviews were carried out with patients who also worked with a peer worker as part of their involvement with the service. Participant observation and keeping a research diary were additional methods of data collection. The data collected was further processed using reflective thematic analysis. This article draws on DiClemente’s (2018. Addiction and Change: How Addictions Develop and Addicted People Recover, Guilford Publications) transtheoretical model model of intentional behaviour change and McClelland’s (1951. ‘Personality, Sloane, New York’, in The Achievement Motive, p. 28, New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts) theory of motivation and current research findings on motivation in the context of peer support. Main research question is ‘What mechanisms of formal peer support influence motivation to change harmful behaviour in people who take drugs?’ A key finding is that a successfully established peer-service user relationship is a key instrument and premise for building motivation for change. It also presents an overview of the basic mechanisms that build the peer-service user relationship as well as the basic mechanisms that build motivation for change. It is concluded by a discussion on these mechanisms and the current literature as well as drawing implications for practice.

本文讨论了一项定性的多案例研究的结果，该研究考察了同伴支持对吸毒成瘾康复项目中服务使用者改变动机的影响。共有九次半结构化访谈，受访患者在参与该服务的过程中还与一名同行工作人员一起工作。参与观察和记录研究日记是额外的数据收集方法。利用反思性专题分析进一步处理收集到的数据。本文借鉴了迪克莱门特(2018)的著作。成瘾与改变:成瘾如何发展和成瘾者如何康复，吉尔福德出版社)有意行为改变的跨理论模型和麦克利兰(1951)。“人格，斯隆，纽约”，载于《成就动机》第28页，纽约，阿普尔顿-世纪-克罗夫茨出版社)动机理论和同伴支持背景下动机的最新研究成果。主要研究问题是“正式同伴支持的什么机制影响吸毒者改变有害行为的动机?”“一个重要的发现是，成功建立的对等服务用户关系是建立变革动机的关键工具和前提。”本文还概述了构建对等服务用户关系的基本机制，以及构建变更动机的基本机制。最后，对这些机制和目前的文献进行了讨论，并对实践提出了建议。

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引用次数: 0

An A–Z of Social Work Theory (1st Editions), Malcom Payne 《社会工作理论概论》(第一版)，马尔科姆·佩恩著

3区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL WORK

British Journal of Social Work

Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1093/bjsw/bcad241

V Kalyani

Journal Article An A–Z of Social Work Theory (1st Editions), Malcom Payne Get access An A–Z of Social Work Theory (1st Editions), Malcom Payne, Sage Publishing, London, UK, 2021, pp. 282, ISBN 978-1-5264-8725-4, £66.00 (Hardcover) V Kalyani V Kalyani Department of Social Work, DMI-St. Eugene University, Lusaka, Zambia E-mail: kalsmsw@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1795-9632 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Social Work, bcad241, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcad241 Published: 08 November 2023 Article history Accepted: 31 October 2023 Published: 08 November 2023

期刊文章社会工作理论的A-Z(第一版)，马尔科姆佩恩获得社会工作理论的A-Z(第一版)，马尔科姆佩恩，Sage出版，伦敦，英国，2021年，第282页，ISBN 978-1-5264-8725-4, 66.00英镑(精装)V Kalyani V Kalyani社会工作部门，dmist。尤金大学，卢萨卡，赞比亚E-mail: kalsmsw@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1795-9632搜索作者的其他作品:牛津学术谷歌学者英国社会工作杂志，bcad241, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcad241出版时间:2023年11月8日文章历史接受时间:2023年10月31日出版时间:2023年11月8日

引用次数: 0

The Relationships between Stress, Burnout, Mental Health and Well-Being in Social Workers 社会工作者压力、倦怠、心理健康与幸福感的关系

3区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL WORK

British Journal of Social Work

Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1093/bjsw/bcad232

Alan Maddock

Abstract Stress and burnout can have several negative effects on the individual social worker’s work performance, along with their mental health and well-being. We are still unclear on how these negative effects play out, as no studies have examined what the relationships are between stress, burnout, anxiety, depression and well-being in social workers. This cross-sectional study attempted to identify the rates and correlates of stress, burnout, anxiety, depression and mental well-being of 121 social workers, using bivariate and multiple regression analyses. This study highlighted a significant proportion of social workers who reported mild to severe issues in anxiety, depression and mental well-being. This study highlighted that perceived stress is likely to be a universal risk factor for anxiety, depression, and mental well-being in social workers. Emotional exhaustion was also identified as a potential risk factor for anxiety, with personal accomplishment being a potential protective factor against depression and for positive mental well-being. This study provides promising preliminary evidence that if social workers who are experiencing issues with anxiety, depression and mental well-being are supported to reduce feelings of stress, emotional exhaustion, and increase feelings of personal accomplishment, they are likely to experience improvements in their mental health and job performance.

压力和倦怠会对社会工作者的工作表现产生负面影响，同时也会影响他们的心理健康和幸福感。我们仍然不清楚这些负面影响是如何发挥作用的，因为没有研究调查过社会工作者的压力、倦怠、焦虑、抑郁和幸福感之间的关系。本研究采用双变量和多元回归分析的方法，对121名社会工作者的压力、倦怠、焦虑、抑郁和心理健康状况进行了分析。这项研究强调了相当大比例的社会工作者报告了轻微到严重的焦虑、抑郁和心理健康问题。本研究强调，感知压力可能是社会工作者焦虑、抑郁和心理健康的普遍风险因素。情绪衰竭也被认为是焦虑的潜在风险因素，而个人成就则是对抗抑郁和积极心理健康的潜在保护因素。本研究提供了有希望的初步证据，如果社会工作者在经历焦虑、抑郁和心理健康问题时得到支持，减少压力感、情绪耗竭感，增加个人成就感，他们可能会在心理健康和工作绩效方面得到改善。

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引用次数: 0

The Impact of COVID-19 on Social Care and Social Work in the UK: A Scoping Review COVID-19对英国社会关怀和社会工作的影响:范围审查

3区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL WORK

British Journal of Social Work

Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1093/bjsw/bcad237

Janine Owens, Alys Young, Rosie Allen, Amelia Pearson, Patricia Cartney, Catherine Robinson, Rebecca McPhillips, Sue Davies, Martyn Regan

Abstract Prior to the COVID pandemic, staffing levels, staff turnover and vacancies in adult social care and social work within the UK were a major concern, with staff experiencing high workloads, burnout, stress and poor morale. The paucity of published evidence in a rapidly evolving contemporary situation indicated the suitability of a scoping review. Systematic searching produced evidence published between 1 December 2019 and 9 May 2023. Out of ninety-seven articles retrieved, the final analysis included thirty nine articles. To report the review findings clearly and accessibly, the analysis used the Patterns, Advances, Gaps, Evidence for practice and Research recommendations framework. Abundant evidence emerged on psychological distress and the impact of COVID-19 on the working environment for social care and social workers, but a paucity of psychosocial resilience, supporting social care managers, Personal Assistants and moral injury. Social care needs and the statutory duties of social work are likely to become even more intense. The COVID pandemic magnified a chronic lack of funding, staffing, support and regard for adult social care, with no future planning compared to the NHS. This legacy and backlogs of social care assessment and service delivery are of concern despite the proposed actions of the Adult Social Care Reform Act in England.

在2019冠状病毒病大流行之前，英国成人社会护理和社会工作的人员配备水平、人员流动率和空缺是一个主要问题，工作人员承受着高工作量、倦怠、压力和士气低落。在瞬息万变的当代形势下，缺乏已发表的证据表明进行范围审查的适宜性。系统检索产生了2019年12月1日至2023年5月9日期间发表的证据。在检索到的97篇文章中，最终的分析包括39篇文章。为了清晰易懂地报告审查结果，分析使用了模式、进展、差距、实践证据和研究建议框架。关于心理困扰和COVID-19对社会护理人员和社会工作者工作环境的影响，已经出现了大量证据，但缺乏社会心理复原力，支持社会护理管理人员、个人助理和道德伤害。社会关怀需求和社会工作的法定职责可能会变得更加紧迫。与NHS相比，COVID大流行加剧了长期缺乏资金、人员配备、支持和对成人社会护理的关注，而且没有未来规划。尽管英国《成人社会关怀改革法》提出了行动，但社会关怀评估和服务提供的遗留问题和积压问题仍令人担忧。

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引用次数: 0

Surviving Violence, Ambiguity and Oneself: The Experience of Child Protection Workers in Chile 在暴力、模糊和自我中生存:智利儿童保护工作者的经验

3区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL WORK

British Journal of Social Work

Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/bjsw/bcad231

Javiera Garcia-Meneses, Mary Elizabeth Collins

Abstract The challenges of contemporary child welfare practice are well documented in many countries worldwide. The current study enhances this work by reporting the lived experiences of child welfare workers in Chile, who negotiate their practice in a strained political and organisational context. A qualitative methodology was used to understand the complexities of the survival strategies of these workers. Data were collected via multiple individual interviews and group workshop sessions with six workers of different Chilean National Service for Minors’ collaborating organisations. Through a constructivist grounded theory analysis, we identify three major complexities that shape and construct the strategies of survival that the Chilean child welfare workers deploy in a neo-liberalised labour context: (1) Surviving a violent labour context (precariousness and dehumanisation); (2) surviving labour ambiguities (fractures and resistance) and (3) surviving oneself (pain-filled and violence executors’ bodies). We discuss these findings in the context of the scholarly literature and offer implications for policy and macro practice to alter the work conditions of this professional field.

当代儿童福利实践的挑战在世界上许多国家都有很好的记录。目前的研究通过报告智利儿童福利工作者的生活经验来加强这项工作，他们在紧张的政治和组织背景下谈判他们的实践。定性的方法被用来了解这些工人的生存策略的复杂性。数据是通过多次个人访谈和与不同智利国家未成年人服务合作组织的六名工作人员的小组研讨会收集的。通过基于建构主义的理论分析，我们确定了智利儿童福利工作者在新自由主义劳动环境中塑造和构建生存策略的三个主要复杂性:(1)在暴力劳动环境中生存(不稳定和非人性化);(2)幸存的劳动模糊(骨折和抵抗)和(3)幸存的自己(充满痛苦和暴力的执行者的身体)。我们在学术文献的背景下讨论这些发现，并提供政策和宏观实践的启示，以改变这一专业领域的工作条件。

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引用次数: 0

People with Disabilities and Labour Market Barriers: The Perspectives of Israeli Social Workers 残疾人和劳动力市场障碍:以色列社会工作者的视角

3区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL WORK

British Journal of Social Work

Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1093/bjsw/bcad233

Limor Gadot, Roni Holler

Abstract Social workers play a key role in supporting the labour market inclusion of disabled people. Nevertheless, we know little about how they perceive the barriers that disabled people face and their role in addressing them. In particular, we need to know more about the extent to which they adopt an individualised versus a social model of disability. To address this gap, semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-three Israeli social workers providing employment-related services via public and non-profit organisations. A thematic analysis revealed that the participants tended to view their clients’ barriers as related to individual characteristics, including their impairment, level of functioning and soft skills. Whereas social barriers were acknowledged as well, these were usually framed as related to employers’ attitudes, including ignorance, stigma, fear and distrust. In addition, recognition of these social barriers was usually detached from the social workers’ daily, individualised practices.

社会工作者在支持残疾人劳动力市场包容方面发挥着关键作用。然而，我们对他们如何看待残疾人面临的障碍以及他们在解决这些障碍方面的作用知之甚少。特别是，我们需要更多地了解他们在多大程度上采用了个性化的残疾模式，而不是社会模式。为了解决这一差距，我们对23名通过公共和非营利组织提供就业相关服务的以色列社会工作者进行了半结构化访谈。一项专题分析显示，参与者倾向于将客户的障碍视为与个人特征有关，包括他们的缺陷、功能水平和软技能。虽然社会障碍也被承认，但这些障碍通常被框定为与雇主的态度有关，包括无知、耻辱、恐惧和不信任。此外，对这些社会障碍的认识通常脱离了社会工作者的日常、个性化实践。

引用次数: 0

Revisiting a Positive Living Group Climate as a Citizenship Climate: A Socio-Spatial Perspective on Residential Youth Care 重新审视作为公民气候的积极生活群体气候:寄宿青年关怀的社会空间视角

3区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL WORK

British Journal of Social Work

Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1093/bjsw/bcad230

Matthias Remmery, Simon Allemeersch, Rudi Roose, Griet Roets

Abstract The concept of a positive living group climate is currently used as a key strategy to substantially realise the citizenship of youngsters in residential youth care. The concept focuses mainly on what happens inside the residential youth care facility, as the interpersonal relationships between the professionals and the youngsters are identified as the main component of a positive living group climate. How the youngsters practise and experience their citizenship in their everyday lives is also socio-spatially shaped and accommodated outside the residential youth care facility. We implement a multi-method qualitative research approach to explore how the pedagogical climate in residential youth care is socio-spatially shaped and accommodated as a living environment. The findings show that residential youth care is embedded in a wider social living environment in which youngsters navigate physically and socially through different relationships, circumstances and pedagogical milieus. This results in a synergy between dynamics in residential youth care and the wider social living environment, in which meaningful pedagogical interventions can take place. We consider it necessary to deepen and broaden the concept of a positive living group climate in residential youth care, revisiting the pedagogical climate as a citizenship climate.

一个积极的生活群体气候的概念目前被用作一个关键的策略，以实现青少年的公民身份在住宿青年护理。这个概念主要集中在住宿青年护理设施内部发生的事情，因为专业人员和年轻人之间的人际关系被确定为积极生活群体气候的主要组成部分。年轻人如何在日常生活中实践和体验他们的公民身份，也是在住宿青年护理设施之外塑造和容纳的社会空间。我们采用多方法的定性研究方法来探索寄宿青年护理的教学气候是如何被社会空间塑造和适应为生活环境的。研究结果表明，寄宿青少年护理是嵌入在一个更广泛的社会生活环境中，在这个环境中，青少年通过不同的关系、环境和教学环境在身体和社会上进行导航。这就产生了青年住宿照料和更广泛的社会生活环境之间的协同作用，在这种环境中可以进行有意义的教学干预。我们认为有必要深化和拓宽住宅青年护理中积极生活群体气候的概念，重新审视作为公民气候的教学气候。

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引用次数: 0