Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101943
Michael A. Olson , James K. McNulty
The theme of limited resources pervades the mental health landscape. Practitioners often lack adequate resources to provide interventions for all who could benefit from them, and potential beneficiaries often lack adequate cognitive, financial, and temporal resources to make use of them. Even under rare conditions of bounty, many intensive interventions show small, fleeting effects. Such a landscape begs a space for behavioral nudges: cheap, easily implementable tweaks to people's decision environments aimed at improving health while preserving autonomy. Although existing nudges can be effective, they have their own limitations. Here we explore the case for Evaluative Conditioning (EC) as a largely overlooked yet potentially effective kind of behavioral nudge that can reap nudges' benefits while addressing some of their limitations.
{"title":"Evaluative conditioning as a source gut feelings and its potential for behavioral nudging","authors":"Michael A. Olson , James K. McNulty","doi":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The theme of limited resources pervades the mental health landscape. Practitioners often lack adequate resources to provide interventions for all who could benefit from them, and potential beneficiaries often lack adequate cognitive, financial, and temporal resources to make use of them. Even under rare conditions of bounty, many intensive interventions show small, fleeting effects. Such a landscape begs a space for behavioral nudges: cheap, easily implementable tweaks to people's decision environments aimed at improving health while preserving autonomy. Although existing nudges can be effective, they have their own limitations. Here we explore the case for Evaluative Conditioning (EC) as a largely overlooked yet potentially effective kind of behavioral nudge that can reap nudges' benefits while addressing some of their limitations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48279,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychology","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101943"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101944
Ashleigh Shelby Rosette , Xiaoran Li , Naomi Samuel , Christopher D. Petsko
Intersectionality has emerged as an important theoretical concept for examining overlapping social hierarchies and has garnered varying interpretations and applications in scholarly discourse. To help organize varied definitions of intersectionality that are commonly used in the social sciences, we propose a typology that distinguishes between primary, pragmatic, and pluralistic intersectionality. In this typology, primary intersectionality centers on Black women and has a social inequity focus, pragmatic intersectionality includes various groups with flexible applications, and pluralistic intersectionality encompasses a broad inclusion of categorizations without an inequity focus. This typology can be used to clarify research focus, enhance theoretical rigor, and prevent misinterpretation, thereby advancing understanding of intersectionality within social psychology and micro-organizational behavior.
{"title":"From primary to pluralistic: A typology of intersectionality","authors":"Ashleigh Shelby Rosette , Xiaoran Li , Naomi Samuel , Christopher D. Petsko","doi":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intersectionality has emerged as an important theoretical concept for examining overlapping social hierarchies and has garnered varying interpretations and applications in scholarly discourse. To help organize varied definitions of intersectionality that are commonly used in the social sciences, we propose a typology that distinguishes between <em>primary</em>, <em>pragmatic</em>, and <em>pluralistic</em> intersectionality. In this typology, primary intersectionality centers on Black women and has a social inequity focus, pragmatic intersectionality includes various groups with flexible applications, and pluralistic intersectionality encompasses a broad inclusion of categorizations without an inequity focus. This typology can be used to clarify research focus, enhance theoretical rigor, and prevent misinterpretation, thereby advancing understanding of intersectionality within social psychology and micro-organizational behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48279,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychology","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101944"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101942
Lisa M. Leslie, Y. Lillian Kim, Emily R. Ye
The prevalence of diversity initiatives in organizations has prompted significant debate regarding whether they are necessary and effective. This paper provides a synthesis of classic and contemporary work on the effectiveness of diversity initiatives. We define diversity initiatives as practices used by organizations to improve the experiences and outcomes of marginalized social groups, and briefly review how both the labels used to refer to diversity initiatives and the underlying motives for adopting them have shifted over time. To understand their effectiveness, we review research on whether diversity initiatives work as intended, as well as whether they produce detrimental, unintended effects, including backfire (e.g., increased discrimination against target groups) and negative spillover (e.g., negative attitudes among non-target groups). Finally, we review research on strategies for increasing diversity initiative effectiveness that either increase the likelihood of intended consequences or decrease the likelihood of detrimental, unintended consequences. Our review indicates that although diversity initiatives are not necessarily effective, there is considerable evidence that they are useful for improving workplace outcomes for the groups they target when implemented in certain ways. We conclude with a discussion of avenues for future research aimed at improving diversity initiative effectiveness.
{"title":"Diversity initiatives: Intended and unintended effects","authors":"Lisa M. Leslie, Y. Lillian Kim, Emily R. Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The prevalence of diversity initiatives in organizations has prompted significant debate regarding whether they are necessary and effective. This paper provides a synthesis of classic and contemporary work on the effectiveness of diversity initiatives. We define diversity initiatives as practices used by organizations to improve the experiences and outcomes of marginalized social groups, and briefly review how both the labels used to refer to diversity initiatives and the underlying motives for adopting them have shifted over time. To understand their effectiveness, we review research on whether diversity initiatives work as intended, as well as whether they produce detrimental, unintended effects, including backfire (e.g., increased discrimination against target groups) and negative spillover (e.g., negative attitudes among non-target groups). Finally, we review research on strategies for increasing diversity initiative effectiveness that either increase the likelihood of intended consequences or decrease the likelihood of detrimental, unintended consequences. Our review indicates that although diversity initiatives are not necessarily effective, there is considerable evidence that they are useful for improving workplace outcomes for the groups they target when implemented in certain ways. We conclude with a discussion of avenues for future research aimed at improving diversity initiative effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48279,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychology","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101942"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101939
Broderick Lee Turner Jr, Rebecca Walker Reczek
{"title":"Hype-free AI: How AI actually impacts psychology in research, the workplace, the marketplace, and beyond","authors":"Broderick Lee Turner Jr, Rebecca Walker Reczek","doi":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101939","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48279,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychology","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101939"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101941
Magnus Bergquist
This review delves into the nuanced boundary conditions of social norms in fostering behavior change within the realm of climate action. Current research is examined within a “Sender - Message - Receiver (SMeR)" framework, which investigates factors such as group identification and group size that influence the effectiveness of social norms. Furthermore, it explores how cultural context, personal norms, emotions, and ambiguity shape individuals' responses to social norms-based messages. By illuminating these boundary conditions, the review provides insights into the complexities of social normative influence and offers guidance for designing more effective intervention techniques to promote behavioral change. Understanding these nuances is crucial for developing targeted strategies that resonate with diverse audiences and facilitate meaningful shifts toward a more environmentally sustainable future.
{"title":"A sender-message-receiver (SMeR) framework for communicating persuasive social norms – The case of climate change mitigation behavioral change","authors":"Magnus Bergquist","doi":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review delves into the nuanced boundary conditions of social norms in fostering behavior change within the realm of climate action. Current research is examined within a “Sender - Message - Receiver (SMeR)\" framework, which investigates factors such as group identification and group size that influence the effectiveness of social norms. Furthermore, it explores how cultural context, personal norms, emotions, and ambiguity shape individuals' responses to social norms-based messages. By illuminating these boundary conditions, the review provides insights into the complexities of social normative influence and offers guidance for designing more effective intervention techniques to promote behavioral change. Understanding these nuances is crucial for developing targeted strategies that resonate with diverse audiences and facilitate meaningful shifts toward a more environmentally sustainable future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48279,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychology","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101941"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101940
Denise de Ridder, Bob M. Fennis
{"title":"Editorial overview: Mapping the current state of affairs and future outlook of self-control and self-regulation research: From effortful inhibition to motivated and situated strategies","authors":"Denise de Ridder, Bob M. Fennis","doi":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101940","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48279,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychology","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101940"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-02DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101937
Aleksandr T. Karnick , Leslie A. Brick
Why do individuals tend to discount bad news when making judgements about the likelihood of future events? In this short review, we explore recent research findings regarding this frequently observed and replicated phenomenon – optimism bias – with particular attention on how this bias affects the way individuals update or revise their beliefs. We begin by highlighting five interrelated frameworks for understanding optimism bias (utility maximization, active inference, dual systems, cognitive immunity, predictive processing). We then examine findings from affective and clinical domains that indicate that people with depression and other psychiatric disorders, as well as acutely sad or anxious individuals, have dampened optimistic bias when updating beliefs in response to good news. Finally, we consider the neural underpinnings of these phenomena through the free energy principle and discuss implications for clinical interventions and future research.
{"title":"From perception to projection: Exploring neuroaffective advances in understanding optimism bias and belief updating","authors":"Aleksandr T. Karnick , Leslie A. Brick","doi":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Why do individuals tend to discount bad news when making judgements about the likelihood of future events? In this short review, we explore recent research findings regarding this frequently observed and replicated phenomenon – optimism bias – with particular attention on how this bias affects the way individuals update or revise their beliefs. We begin by highlighting five interrelated frameworks for understanding optimism bias (utility maximization, active inference, dual systems, cognitive immunity, predictive processing). We then examine findings from affective and clinical domains that indicate that people with depression and other psychiatric disorders, as well as acutely sad or anxious individuals, have dampened optimistic bias when updating beliefs in response to good news. Finally, we consider the neural underpinnings of these phenomena through the free energy principle and discuss implications for clinical interventions and future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48279,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101937"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101933
Jessica R. Grisham , Kiara R. Timpano
Hoarding disorder (HD) represents a growing public health burden. Although excessive saving is the cardinal feature of this disorder, hoarding is also typically characterised by excessive acquisition of objects, either passively or actively. HD and a related clinical condition, compulsive buying-shopping disorder, are particularly challenging to prevent and treat within the context of consumer society, which is marked by growing acquiring tendencies. Implicit approaches, including nudges, present an intriguing and potentially fruitful avenue to help address impulsive and excessive acquisition of possessions. In this brief review, we provide an overview of research on using nudges, boosts, and other implicit approaches to influence decision-making about possessions. We consider both general population-level approaches, as well as more targeted nudge strategies. We conclude by proposing opportunities for future research to address impulsive acquiring. General and targeted approaches may help to reduce societal and environmental impacts of consumerism, while simultaneously making a small but meaningful impact in the lives of HD patients and those at risk for developing the disorder.
囤积症（HD）对公共健康造成的负担越来越大。虽然过度储蓄是这种疾病的主要特征，但囤积症的典型特征也是被动或主动地过度获取物品。在消费社会的背景下，囤积症和与之相关的临床症状--强迫性购买-购物症--的预防和治疗尤其具有挑战性，因为消费社会的特点是购买倾向日益增长。包括 "暗示"（nudges）在内的隐性方法为帮助解决冲动性和过度购置物品的问题提供了一个有趣且可能富有成效的途径。在这篇简短的综述中，我们将概述有关使用暗示、激励和其他隐性方法来影响财产决策的研究。我们既考虑了一般人群层面的方法，也考虑了更有针对性的暗示策略。最后，我们提出了未来研究解决冲动性购置问题的机会。一般方法和有针对性的方法可能有助于减少消费主义对社会和环境的影响，同时对 HD 患者和有可能患上这种疾病的人的生活产生微小但有意义的影响。
{"title":"Nudging society toward more adaptive approaches to material possessions: Harnessing implicit approaches to reduce overconsumption and excessive saving","authors":"Jessica R. Grisham , Kiara R. Timpano","doi":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hoarding disorder (HD) represents a growing public health burden. Although excessive saving is the cardinal feature of this disorder, hoarding is also typically characterised by excessive acquisition of objects, either passively or actively. HD and a related clinical condition, compulsive buying-shopping disorder, are particularly challenging to prevent and treat within the context of consumer society, which is marked by growing acquiring tendencies. Implicit approaches, including nudges, present an intriguing and potentially fruitful avenue to help address impulsive and excessive acquisition of possessions. In this brief review, we provide an overview of research on using nudges, boosts, and other implicit approaches to influence decision-making about possessions. We consider both general population-level approaches, as well as more targeted nudge strategies. We conclude by proposing opportunities for future research to address impulsive acquiring. General and targeted approaches may help to reduce societal and environmental impacts of consumerism, while simultaneously making a small but meaningful impact in the lives of HD patients and those at risk for developing the disorder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48279,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101933"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101938
Kayla R. Wagler, Tony T. Wells
Nudges are a cost-effective and scalable tool used to promote certain choices and have been applied across several domains, such as public health and policy and, more recently, mental health-related behaviors. The likelihood of individuals responding to a nudge (“nudgeability”) is affected by individual traits such as personality and gender. This review synthesizes the effects of personality traits and gender on decision-making and nudgeability. We provide future directions, which consider these effects when evaluating mental health-related nudging. The specific type of nudge and the behavior being nudged may be more important to consider when designing nudges, rather than general trends in how certain personality traits or genders respond to nudges.
{"title":"Effects of personality and gender on nudgeability for mental health-related behaviors","authors":"Kayla R. Wagler, Tony T. Wells","doi":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nudges are a cost-effective and scalable tool used to promote certain choices and have been applied across several domains, such as public health and policy and, more recently, mental health-related behaviors. The likelihood of individuals responding to a nudge (“nudgeability”) is affected by individual traits such as personality and gender. This review synthesizes the effects of personality traits and gender on decision-making and nudgeability. We provide future directions, which consider these effects when evaluating mental health-related nudging. The specific type of nudge and the behavior being nudged may be more important to consider when designing nudges, rather than general trends in how certain personality traits or genders respond to nudges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48279,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101938"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101935
Brian W. Bauer , Catherine Sappenfield
A central challenge in mental healthcare is effectively disseminating accurate, evidence-based information to encourage behaviors that improve well-being. Nudges, though widely used, often yield small, short-lived effects in changing behaviors. An alternative approach, meta-nudging, uses social influencers to indirectly change beliefs and behaviors by shifting norms within a social group. Meta-nudging may hold promise as a less paternalistic and longer lasting method for promoting positive mental health behaviors. Though, the use of social influencers raises ethical considerations and measurement challenges. Future research should explore AI-generated influencers to enhance personalization and efficacy in promoting mental health.
{"title":"Meta-nudging and mental health: Using social influencers to change opinions and behaviors that positively impact mental health","authors":"Brian W. Bauer , Catherine Sappenfield","doi":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A central challenge in mental healthcare is effectively disseminating accurate, evidence-based information to encourage behaviors that improve well-being. Nudges, though widely used, often yield small, short-lived effects in changing behaviors. An alternative approach, meta-nudging, uses social influencers to indirectly change beliefs and behaviors by shifting norms within a social group. Meta-nudging may hold promise as a less paternalistic and longer lasting method for promoting positive mental health behaviors. Though, the use of social influencers raises ethical considerations and measurement challenges. Future research should explore AI-generated influencers to enhance personalization and efficacy in promoting mental health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48279,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101935"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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