Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101936
Raymond P. Tucker , Daniel W. Capron , Benjamin Trachik , Elizabeth J. Mangini , Jeffery Osgood , James Morton , Brian W. Bauer
This review discusses findings on the use of behavioral nudges in both the Canadian and U.S. military. To date, most of this research has focused on improving recruitment and healthy eating behaviors in military personnel. The current review also highlights important areas of future research, focusing on the role behavioral nudges could potentially play in curbing three pressing issues in the U.S. military: 1) recruitment, 2) health-related readiness of the military, and 3) suicide prevention. The review concludes with an overview of unique challenges this work may face in the military context as well as unique resources available for this research and implementation not likely accessible in civilian communities.
{"title":"A review of current and proposed behavioral nudge strategies to improve the readiness of the United States military","authors":"Raymond P. Tucker , Daniel W. Capron , Benjamin Trachik , Elizabeth J. Mangini , Jeffery Osgood , James Morton , Brian W. Bauer","doi":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review discusses findings on the use of behavioral nudges in both the Canadian and U.S. military. To date, most of this research has focused on improving recruitment and healthy eating behaviors in military personnel. The current review also highlights important areas of future research, focusing on the role behavioral nudges could potentially play in curbing three pressing issues in the U.S. military: 1) recruitment, 2) health-related readiness of the military, and 3) suicide prevention. The review concludes with an overview of unique challenges this work may face in the military context as well as unique resources available for this research and implementation not likely accessible in civilian communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48279,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101936"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101934
Julia D. Buckner
Individuals with substance misuse and substance use disorder (SUD) experience especially high rates of elevated anxiety, including anxiety disorders, and the co-occurrence of these conditions is related to worse treatment outcomes. Given that these patients may have little motivation to change their substance misuse if they use substances to cope with their chronically elevated anxiety, interventions that include components that target motivation may be especially useful. Thus, this paper reviews the recent extant literature on treatments developed specifically for these high-risk patients that include motivational interviewing (MI) techniques to increase motivation for behavioral change. Results indicate that two modalities have been tested – in-person therapies and online interventions. The majority use MI techniques to change substance use and some to change anxiety-related behaviors. The majority also incorporate cognitive-behavioral skills to manage substance use and anxiety. Data indicate that MI techniques can be administered in-person and online to decrease substance misuse and anxiety among patients with elevated anxiety and substance misuse.
{"title":"Motivational interviewing-based interventions with patients with comorbid anxiety and substance use disorders","authors":"Julia D. Buckner","doi":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Individuals with substance misuse and substance use disorder (SUD) experience especially high rates of elevated anxiety, including anxiety disorders, and the co-occurrence of these conditions is related to worse treatment outcomes. Given that these patients may have little motivation to change their substance misuse if they use substances to cope with their chronically elevated anxiety, interventions that include components that target motivation may be especially useful. Thus, this paper reviews the recent extant literature on treatments developed specifically for these high-risk patients that include motivational interviewing (MI) techniques to increase motivation for behavioral change. Results indicate that two modalities have been tested – in-person therapies and online interventions. The majority use MI techniques to change substance use and some to change anxiety-related behaviors. The majority also incorporate cognitive-behavioral skills to manage substance use and anxiety. Data indicate that MI techniques can be administered in-person and online to decrease substance misuse and anxiety among patients with elevated anxiety and substance misuse.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48279,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101934"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101932
Stephan A. Boehm , Eline Jammaers
This article selects recent developments within the research domain of disability in organizations, exemplified through rigorous and innovative studies. First, the interest in invisible disability types and intersectional approaches to disability is noted. Second, the expansion to stakeholders outside the firm is appraised and personal, organizational and societal aspects of managing disability at work are reviewed. Third, the growing critical analysis of segregated labor market systems and the continued focus on reasonable accommodations and ableist organizing within the integrated labor market are considered. Finally, a continued underrepresentation of research from the Global South and an increasing demand for researchers’ reflexivity with regard to their own positionality and disability status are discussed.
{"title":"Disability-based discrimination in organizations","authors":"Stephan A. Boehm , Eline Jammaers","doi":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article selects recent developments within the research domain of disability in organizations, exemplified through rigorous and innovative studies. First, the interest in invisible disability types and intersectional approaches to disability is noted. Second, the expansion to stakeholders outside the firm is appraised and personal, organizational and societal aspects of managing disability at work are reviewed. Third, the growing critical analysis of segregated labor market systems and the continued focus on reasonable accommodations and ableist organizing within the integrated labor market are considered. Finally, a continued underrepresentation of research from the Global South and an increasing demand for researchers’ reflexivity with regard to their own positionality and disability status are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48279,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101932"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142555059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101931
Claudia Civai , Christian T. Elbaek , Valerio Capraro
In recent years, scholars from different fields have studied the effects of scarcity on social behaviour, producing mixed findings. This review synthesizes the most recent literature on the topic and proposes a framework to organize the evidence. According to this framework, scarcity produces an attentional shift towards the scarce resource and a cognitive load that triggers heuristic thinking; this affects social behaviour in various ways, depending on individual and contextual factors, which can be transient (e.g., emotional states or social expectations), or enduring (e.g., personality or social environment). We then apply this framework to explain when and how scarcity influences parochialism. We conclude with a caution against the uncritical use of scarcity salience as a tool for social behavioural change.
{"title":"Why scarcity can both increase and decrease prosocial behaviour: A review and theoretical framework for the complex relationship between scarcity and prosociality","authors":"Claudia Civai , Christian T. Elbaek , Valerio Capraro","doi":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, scholars from different fields have studied the effects of scarcity on social behaviour, producing mixed findings. This review synthesizes the most recent literature on the topic and proposes a framework to organize the evidence. According to this framework, scarcity produces an attentional shift towards the scarce resource and a cognitive load that triggers heuristic thinking; this affects social behaviour in various ways, depending on individual and contextual factors, which can be transient (e.g., emotional states or social expectations), or enduring (e.g., personality or social environment). We then apply this framework to explain when and how scarcity influences parochialism. We conclude with a caution against the uncritical use of scarcity salience as a tool for social behavioural change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48279,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101931"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101929
Laura Marcon
This paper examines the dual role of commitment in accelerating the mitigation of maladaptive norms. By drawing on the literature on social norms and commitment, I analyze how commitments (i) explain the deviant behavior of trendsetters and (ii) expedite social change by prompting counterpreferential choices among second movers. Specifically, the paper explores two key aspects of this dynamic: (1) the importance of moral norms, particularly in the relationship between trendsetters' commitments and their unconditional preferences, and (2) the unique role of second movers, whose commitment to trendsetters can lead them to make choices that contradict their conditional preferences in favor of trendsetters' behavior. This suggests that second movers, despite their tendency to conform to established social norms, may act against their conditional preferences due to their commitment to trendsetters. Understanding the role of commitments in shaping the behaviors of trendsetters and second movers is essential to overcoming psychological barriers that impede social change. Nonetheless, further exploration is needed to determine which maladaptive norms are most responsive to commitments and under what circumstances counterpreferential choices are likely to prevail.
{"title":"From trendsetters to second movers: Commitments as catalysts for social change","authors":"Laura Marcon","doi":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the dual role of commitment in accelerating the mitigation of maladaptive norms. By drawing on the literature on social norms and commitment, I analyze how commitments (i) explain the deviant behavior of trendsetters and (ii) expedite social change by prompting counterpreferential choices among second movers. Specifically, the paper explores two key aspects of this dynamic: (1) the importance of moral norms, particularly in the relationship between trendsetters' commitments and their unconditional preferences, and (2) the unique role of second movers, whose commitment to trendsetters can lead them to make choices that contradict their conditional preferences in favor of trendsetters' behavior. This suggests that second movers, despite their tendency to conform to established social norms, may act against their conditional preferences due to their commitment to trendsetters. Understanding the role of commitments in shaping the behaviors of trendsetters and second movers is essential to overcoming psychological barriers that impede social change. Nonetheless, further exploration is needed to determine which maladaptive norms are most responsive to commitments and under what circumstances counterpreferential choices are likely to prevail.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48279,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101929"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101930
Alessandro Sontuoso
Research into society's informal rules of conduct, or norms, has recently experienced a surge, extending across multiple academic disciplines. Despite this growth, the theoretical modeling of norms often remains siloed within specific paradigms, as different disciplines tend to favor certain frameworks over others, thereby hindering the spread of innovative ideas. This article breaks through disciplinary barriers to explore recent advancements in the mathematical study of norms. It specifically focuses on cutting-edge theoretical research, structuring the discussion around four general frameworks: game theory, evolutionary game theory, agent-based modeling, and multi-agent reinforcement learning.
{"title":"Mathematical frameworks for the analysis of norms","authors":"Alessandro Sontuoso","doi":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research into society's informal rules of conduct, or norms, has recently experienced a surge, extending across multiple academic disciplines. Despite this growth, the theoretical modeling of norms often remains siloed within specific paradigms, as different disciplines tend to favor certain frameworks over others, thereby hindering the spread of innovative ideas. This article breaks through disciplinary barriers to explore recent advancements in the mathematical study of norms. It specifically focuses on cutting-edge theoretical research, structuring the discussion around four general frameworks: game theory, evolutionary game theory, agent-based modeling, and multi-agent reinforcement learning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48279,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101930"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101928
Francesca Manzi , Suzette Caleo , Madeline E. Heilman
Decades of research attest to the role of gender stereotypes in the emergence of gender-based discrimination. Placing a focus on recent studies, we provide evidence that gender stereotypes continue to negatively affect women's career outcomes in jobs and fields that are seen as male in gender-type. We identify two pathways through which gender stereotypes bring about discrimination: Whereas descriptive gender stereotypes lead to gender discrimination through negative performance expectations produced by lack-of-fit perceptions, prescriptive gender stereotypes lead to gender discrimination through social penalties elicited by perceived stereotype violation. We end by discussing how characteristics of women and those evaluating them may amplify or ameliorate discriminatory behavior, and by considering how organizations and policymakers can leverage research to promote gender equality.
{"title":"Unfit or disliked: How descriptive and prescriptive gender stereotypes lead to discrimination against women","authors":"Francesca Manzi , Suzette Caleo , Madeline E. Heilman","doi":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Decades of research attest to the role of gender stereotypes in the emergence of gender-based discrimination. Placing a focus on recent studies, we provide evidence that gender stereotypes continue to negatively affect women's career outcomes in jobs and fields that are seen as male in gender-type. We identify two pathways through which gender stereotypes bring about discrimination: Whereas descriptive gender stereotypes lead to gender discrimination through negative performance expectations produced by lack-of-fit perceptions, prescriptive gender stereotypes lead to gender discrimination through social penalties elicited by perceived stereotype violation. We end by discussing how characteristics of women and those evaluating them may amplify or ameliorate discriminatory behavior, and by considering how organizations and policymakers can leverage research to promote gender equality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48279,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101928"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101924
George Loewenstein, Erin Carbone
This paper explores self-control beyond the framework of time discounting, as is conventional in economics and decision research. Contrary to the notion that self-control failures stem from hyperbolic time discounting or present bias, we argue that self-control problems represent conflicts between the motivational thrusts of affects – i.e., emotions, physiological states, and cognitive motivational feeling states – and deliberations about the best course of behavior. Drawing upon theoretical foundations and empirical evidence, we highlight how affective states can both undermine and necessitate self-control. We critique the temporal discounting model for its inability to account for diverse self-control scenarios and propose that effective self-regulation often involves strategies to avoid or manage affective triggers, thus providing a more comprehensive understanding of self-control mechanisms.
{"title":"Self-control ≠ temporal discounting","authors":"George Loewenstein, Erin Carbone","doi":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores self-control beyond the framework of time discounting, as is conventional in economics and decision research. Contrary to the notion that self-control failures stem from hyperbolic time discounting or present bias, we argue that self-control problems represent conflicts between the motivational thrusts of affects – i.e., emotions, physiological states, and cognitive motivational feeling states – and deliberations about the best course of behavior. Drawing upon theoretical foundations and empirical evidence, we highlight how affective states can both undermine and necessitate self-control. We critique the temporal discounting model for its inability to account for diverse self-control scenarios and propose that effective self-regulation often involves strategies to avoid or manage affective triggers, thus providing a more comprehensive understanding of self-control mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48279,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101924"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101927
Florian Kunze , Kim De Meulenaere
This article reviews the state of the art of the literature on perceived age discrimination in organizations from 2010 to 2024. We discuss common conceptions, measurement approaches, and theoretical perspectives on age discrimination. Thereafter, we summarize key findings that differ between studies exploring antecedents of age discrimination and those considering employee and organizational consequences. In a summary, we advocate for further research on mitigating age discrimination, especially in the context of digitalization and generational differences, emphasizing the need for age-inclusive practices and interventions.
{"title":"Discrimination in organizations on the basis of age","authors":"Florian Kunze , Kim De Meulenaere","doi":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article reviews the state of the art of the literature on perceived age discrimination in organizations from 2010 to 2024. We discuss common conceptions, measurement approaches, and theoretical perspectives on age discrimination. Thereafter, we summarize key findings that differ between studies exploring antecedents of age discrimination and those considering employee and organizational consequences. In a summary, we advocate for further research on mitigating age discrimination, especially in the context of digitalization and generational differences, emphasizing the need for age-inclusive practices and interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48279,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101927"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101926
Kristi B. Hatter , Derek R. Avery , Patrick F. McKay
{"title":"Organizational diversity climate: Recent scholarship and What's missing","authors":"Kristi B. Hatter , Derek R. Avery , Patrick F. McKay","doi":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101926","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48279,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Psychology","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101926"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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