{"title":"Stakeholders in Higher Education - Transforming for Development and Well-Being","authors":"Shorena Gogiashvili","doi":"10.52340/jds.2021.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52340/jds.2021.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48295,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42980144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"European Union Regulatory Framework on Artificial Intelligence (SMEs)","authors":"Galia Mancheva","doi":"10.52340/jds.2021.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52340/jds.2021.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48295,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48481859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01Epub Date: 2021-09-04DOI: 10.1177/01492063211040555
Goce Andrevski, Danny Miller, Isabelle Le Breton-Miller, Walter Ferrier
Competitive dynamics research has focused on studying whether rivals are able and likely to carry out competitive actions, typically by examining indirect reasons such as characteristics of the actions themselves, the firms involved, or the competitive context. We explore why rivals initiate a specific competitive action at a particular time and situation. Drawing from the philosophy of action literature, we introduce the concept of competitive rationales to examine the primary reasons that cause tactical actions. Given the rapid exchanges characterizing tactical competitive dynamics, we conducted an inductive, multicase study to explore the reasons behind over 800 discrete tactical decisions carried out by 9 professional basketball coaches during 15 basketball games. To garner insight, we develop a conceptual framework revealing their types and scope. Even during intense head-to-head rivalry, most rationales were not rivalrous but were instead organizational-to optimize resource use, strategic consistency, and reputation-or social-to manage relationships. Moreover, the three main types of rationales varied in scope, extending beyond immediate competitive situations and rivals to address longer term, strategic outcomes, and assorted stakeholders. Thus, our analysis reveals these rationales to be complex and potentially difficult for rivals to decipher. It also recasts each component of the dominant awareness-motivation-capability (AMC) model of rivalry, suggesting that awareness is challenged by subtle rationales, motivation drives not only action but also forbearance, and capability is both a requirement and product of action.
{"title":"Competitive Rationales: Beneath the Surface of Competitive Behavior.","authors":"Goce Andrevski, Danny Miller, Isabelle Le Breton-Miller, Walter Ferrier","doi":"10.1177/01492063211040555","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01492063211040555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Competitive dynamics research has focused on studying whether rivals are able and likely to carry out competitive actions, typically by examining indirect reasons such as characteristics of the actions themselves, the firms involved, or the competitive context. We explore why rivals initiate a specific competitive action at a particular time and situation. Drawing from the philosophy of action literature, we introduce the concept of competitive rationales to examine the primary reasons that cause tactical actions. Given the rapid exchanges characterizing tactical competitive dynamics, we conducted an inductive, multicase study to explore the reasons behind over 800 discrete tactical decisions carried out by 9 professional basketball coaches during 15 basketball games. To garner insight, we develop a conceptual framework revealing their types and scope. Even during intense head-to-head rivalry, most rationales were not rivalrous but were instead organizational-to optimize resource use, strategic consistency, and reputation-or social-to manage relationships. Moreover, the three main types of rationales varied in scope, extending beyond immediate competitive situations and rivals to address longer term, strategic outcomes, and assorted stakeholders. Thus, our analysis reveals these rationales to be complex and potentially difficult for rivals to decipher. It also recasts each component of the dominant awareness-motivation-capability (AMC) model of rivalry, suggesting that awareness is challenged by subtle rationales, motivation drives not only action but also forbearance, and capability is both a requirement and product of action.</p>","PeriodicalId":48295,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Studies","volume":"33 1","pages":"2286-2317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11039389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80815440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.1080/00220388.2021.1969011
Joyita Roy Chowdhury
Abstract Cooperation is particularly important in the management of common resources where the user rights of individuals are collective. We used a one-shot public goods experiment to construct a measure of social capital, based on ‘multilateral’ cooperative behaviour, where each participant had free-riding incentives. This study was conducted in four rural villages of Odisha in India in the course of a project studying irrigation. Participants were male farmers from different social groups. Combining survey data with the artefactual field experiments, we examined how an individual’s willingness to contribute to the collective good was affected by social and economic characteristics, and political connections to the local administrative unit. The results suggest interesting differences in cooperation: in the less remote villages, farmers were less cooperative on average compared to farmers living in more remote villages. Furthermore, we found that wealthy and influential farmers invested less in the provision of a public good, reducing the likelihood of successful collective action. The findings are relevant both to the ‘collective action in the commons’ discourse and the literature on using experimental methods to deal with an individual’s true preferences for a public good.
{"title":"Elite Status, Market Linkages, and Contributions to Collective Goods: Evidence from a Survey and Public Goods Experiments","authors":"Joyita Roy Chowdhury","doi":"10.1080/00220388.2021.1969011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2021.1969011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cooperation is particularly important in the management of common resources where the user rights of individuals are collective. We used a one-shot public goods experiment to construct a measure of social capital, based on ‘multilateral’ cooperative behaviour, where each participant had free-riding incentives. This study was conducted in four rural villages of Odisha in India in the course of a project studying irrigation. Participants were male farmers from different social groups. Combining survey data with the artefactual field experiments, we examined how an individual’s willingness to contribute to the collective good was affected by social and economic characteristics, and political connections to the local administrative unit. The results suggest interesting differences in cooperation: in the less remote villages, farmers were less cooperative on average compared to farmers living in more remote villages. Furthermore, we found that wealthy and influential farmers invested less in the provision of a public good, reducing the likelihood of successful collective action. The findings are relevant both to the ‘collective action in the commons’ discourse and the literature on using experimental methods to deal with an individual’s true preferences for a public good.","PeriodicalId":48295,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Studies","volume":"58 1","pages":"333 - 349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58769998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-03DOI: 10.1080/00220388.2021.1915945
N. Valenzuela-Levi
{"title":"Waste","authors":"N. Valenzuela-Levi","doi":"10.1080/00220388.2021.1915945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2021.1915945","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48295,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Studies","volume":"57 1","pages":"1446 - 1447"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00220388.2021.1915945","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58769895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The system of higher education in Georgia has been recently facing major challenges, especially in matching its outcomes to market and society demands. As the job market is becoming more globally competitive, these challenges are increasing. To survive in the current business world, there is high competition between companies for highly qualified manpower. Higher education systems are, on the other hand, traditionally considered conservative and slow in response to market needs. HEIs have many stakeholders: parents, students, faculty members, graduates, employees, regulatory organizations, and government. Their expectations are different and often are in conflict with one another in many respects. Multi-stakeholder involvement in the assessment of learning outcomes is essential to realize students’ achievements. In these processes participation, collaboration and learning are emphasized. Participation leads to the perfect rating of the process and better evaluations of the outcomes. The assessment of students/graduates by stakeholders is shaped by their participation in activities and their experiences in the processes. Understanding stakeholder importance in the processes in which they are involved and their evaluation of outcomes is imperative; it influences the current and future levels of engagement and improvement.
{"title":"Learning Outcomes Assessment Formats in Georgia after USSR","authors":"Shorena Gogiashvili","doi":"10.52340/jds.2022.02.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52340/jds.2022.02.29","url":null,"abstract":"The system of higher education in Georgia has been recently facing major challenges, especially in matching its outcomes to market and society demands. As the job market is becoming more globally competitive, these challenges are increasing.\u0000\u0000To survive in the current business world, there is high competition between companies for highly qualified manpower. Higher education systems are, on the other hand, traditionally considered conservative and slow in response to market needs.\u0000\u0000HEIs have many stakeholders: parents, students, faculty members, graduates, employees, regulatory organizations, and government. Their expectations are different and often are in conflict with one another in many respects. Multi-stakeholder involvement in the assessment of learning outcomes is essential to realize students’ achievements. In these processes participation, collaboration and learning are emphasized. Participation leads to the perfect rating of the process and better evaluations of the outcomes.\u0000\u0000The assessment of students/graduates by stakeholders is shaped by their participation in activities and their experiences in the processes. Understanding stakeholder importance in the processes in which they are involved and their evaluation of outcomes is imperative; it influences the current and future levels of engagement and improvement.","PeriodicalId":48295,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42064309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the 1990s, humankind experienced social changes that led to the emergence of the information society. It was a new form of social existence in which the primary role is to collect, store, analyze and pass on networked information. The article focuses on the emergence of the information society and its transitions into Society 5.0. This transition came in the context of digital individualism, and its consequences are visible in the transformations in civilizing urbanization. The article represents a theoretical retrospective based on the systematic literature review of the existing scientific and professional literature on the current human challenges in a smart environment
{"title":"Emergence of the Smart Society","authors":"Vasja Roblek, M. Meško","doi":"10.52340/jds.2022.02.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52340/jds.2022.02.32","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1990s, humankind experienced social changes that led to the emergence of the information society. It was a new form of social existence in which the primary role is to collect, store, analyze and pass on networked information. The article focuses on the emergence of the information society and its transitions into Society 5.0. This transition came in the context of digital individualism, and its consequences are visible in the transformations in civilizing urbanization.\u0000\u0000The article represents a theoretical retrospective based on the systematic literature review of the existing scientific and professional literature on the current human challenges in a smart environment","PeriodicalId":48295,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45428037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy security means the continuous availability of energy, inadequate amounts at a reasonable price. It means when local and imported resources at a reasonable price meet the country's growing demand for energy. Energy Security impact depends on Environmental challenges, liberalization, deregulation, and the liquidity and competitiveness of the market; besides, the most affecting role in energy security plays the government. Global tensions, as well as regional conflicts, are the most challenging for today’s world. Adequate attention to environmental challenges and diversification of sources can be the solution to Energy security. Georgia entered the Energy Community Treaty on 1 July 2017. Membership in the Energy Community has a wider political consequence for the country as the membership shows its pro-European orientation. It’s worth mentioning that Georgia is the first Contracting Party not to have a border with the EU internal market or with any other Energy Community Party. Besides, membership of the Energy community redefines also the energy security questions. Georgia made an important improvement in the energy sector by replacing the energy market framework with the Third Energy Package. Georgian Energy law and policy mainly depend on better energy partnerships between the European Union and Georgia.
{"title":"Georgia and Energy Security","authors":"Maka Partsvania","doi":"10.52340/jds.2022.02.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52340/jds.2022.02.23","url":null,"abstract":"Energy security means the continuous availability of energy, inadequate amounts at a reasonable price. It means when local and imported resources at a reasonable price meet the country's growing demand for energy.\u0000\u0000Energy Security impact depends on Environmental challenges, liberalization, deregulation, and the liquidity and competitiveness of the market; besides, the most affecting role in energy security plays the government. Global tensions, as well as regional conflicts, are the most challenging for today’s world. Adequate attention to environmental challenges and diversification of sources can be the solution to Energy security.\u0000\u0000Georgia entered the Energy Community Treaty on 1 July 2017. Membership in the Energy Community has a wider political consequence for the country as the membership shows its pro-European orientation. It’s worth mentioning that Georgia is the first Contracting Party not to have a border with the EU internal market or with any other Energy Community Party.\u0000\u0000Besides, membership of the Energy community redefines also the energy security questions. Georgia made an important improvement in the energy sector by replacing the energy market framework with the Third Energy Package. Georgian Energy law and policy mainly depend on better energy partnerships between the European Union and Georgia.","PeriodicalId":48295,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46187551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After declaring the independence of the Georgian state at the end of the 20th century Georgia faced different kinds of challenges in internal politics and one of the most important issues among them was a peaceful coexistence of multi-ethnical and multi-religious groups in the new realities. Any governments of Georgia have always taken into consideration the issue. Depending on the actuality of the theme, we define the main aim of the paper, which is studying the quality of the freedom of religion in Post-Soviet Georgia. The work analysis the content of the research-based documents on freedom of beliefs and religions, prepared by different international organizations, and how the Georgian government reacts and answers to the dilemmas of freedom of religion. The empirical data such are – scientific works, research papers, official documents written by the state institutions discussed with the historicism method. The paper suggests different angles of view over the religious freedom reality in Georgia - how effective are tools and steps made by the Georgian government for solving the controversy or similar flows in society. What kinds of arrangements do the government creates for implementing recommendations worked out by the international organizations and guaranteeing basement religious freedom, respect for them, and tolerance. Modern Georgian policy on religion is oriented on peaceful examples shown by various counties political experience and nearest past, it relies on new trends in global politics and is looking for ways for creating a comprehensive environment for religious freedom and expression, at least all those measures serve and are meaningful pillars for creating democratic prosperity in Georgia
{"title":"The Freedom of Religion in the Post-Soviet Georgia","authors":"Manana Darchashvili, Tina Tskhovrebadze","doi":"10.52340/jds.2022.02.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52340/jds.2022.02.27","url":null,"abstract":"After declaring the independence of the Georgian state at the end of the 20th century Georgia faced different kinds of challenges in internal politics and one of the most important issues among them was a peaceful coexistence of multi-ethnical and multi-religious groups in the new realities. Any governments of Georgia have always taken into consideration the issue.\u0000\u0000Depending on the actuality of the theme, we define the main aim of the paper, which is studying the quality of the freedom of religion in Post-Soviet Georgia. The work analysis the content of the research-based documents on freedom of beliefs and religions, prepared by different international organizations, and how the Georgian government reacts and answers to the dilemmas of freedom of religion. The empirical data such are – scientific works, research papers, official documents written by the state institutions discussed with the historicism method.\u0000\u0000The paper suggests different angles of view over the religious freedom reality in Georgia - how effective are tools and steps made by the Georgian government for solving the controversy or similar flows in society. What kinds of arrangements do the government creates for implementing recommendations worked out by the international organizations and guaranteeing basement religious freedom, respect for them, and tolerance.\u0000\u0000Modern Georgian policy on religion is oriented on peaceful examples shown by various counties political experience and nearest past, it relies on new trends in global politics and is looking for ways for creating a comprehensive environment for religious freedom and expression, at least all those measures serve and are meaningful pillars for creating democratic prosperity in Georgia","PeriodicalId":48295,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46072332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the stage of globalization in 2020, we could be under a rapid technological revolution that might be caused by the pandemic situation. New and improved technologies are continuously emerging and invade both the private and public areas of everyday life. This accelerated innovation-transformation experience has fascilitated a rapid change in organizations, business, and the training industries. This new and complex future is very difficult to predict, and it has been perceived as an immediate technological change, requiring training, retraining, and even re-learning. Globalization requires the development of human capital from developing countries. The development of human resources in a country helps to attract foreign investment. Developing countries need rapid training and development of skills that are globally in demand through the business industry. The human development factor can be critically important for a country like Georgia. In the current context, achieving this goal globally is considered through a hybrid learning model. At the same time, remarkably little is known about what countries can do to increase national skills quickly. The economic literature stresses the importance of investments in the hybrid learning model in education (at all levels), but skills development also takes place outside the formal educational system, particularly in vocational and professional training institutions and within corporations. Experts suggest that improving national skills requires a concerted national effort by involving multiple institutions, policies, and private-public sector collaborations.
{"title":"challenges in Hybrid Learning Model Globally vs Locally in 2020","authors":"Tamar Kanashvili","doi":"10.52340/jds.2022.02.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52340/jds.2022.02.30","url":null,"abstract":"In the stage of globalization in 2020, we could be under a rapid technological revolution that might be caused by the pandemic situation. New and improved technologies are continuously emerging and invade both the private and public areas of everyday life. This accelerated innovation-transformation experience has fascilitated a rapid change in organizations, business, and the training industries. This new and complex future is very difficult to predict, and it has been perceived as an immediate technological change, requiring training, retraining, and even re-learning.\u0000\u0000Globalization requires the development of human capital from developing countries. The development of human resources in a country helps to attract foreign investment. Developing countries need rapid training and development of skills that are globally in demand through the business industry. The human development factor can be critically important for a country like Georgia. In the current context, achieving this goal globally is considered through a hybrid learning model. At the same time, remarkably little is known about what countries can do to increase national skills quickly.\u0000\u0000The economic literature stresses the importance of investments in the hybrid learning model in education (at all levels), but skills development also takes place outside the formal educational system, particularly in vocational and professional training institutions and within corporations. Experts suggest that improving national skills requires a concerted national effort by involving multiple institutions, policies, and private-public sector collaborations.","PeriodicalId":48295,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47058904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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