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Registered report: Cognitive ability, but not cognitive reflection, predicts expressing greater political animosity and favouritism. 注册报告:认知能力(而非认知反思)可预测表达更大的政治敌意和偏袒。
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12814
Abigail L Cassario, Shree Vallabha, Jordan L Thompson, Alejandro Carrillo, Prachi Solanki, Samantha A Gnall, Sada Rice, Geoffrey A Wetherell, Mark J Brandt

Liberals and conservatives both express political animosity and favouritism. However, less is known about whether the same or different factors contribute to this phenomenon among liberals and conservatives. We test three different relationships that could emerge among cognitive ability, cognitive reflection and political group-based attitudes. Analysing two nationally representative surveys of US Americans (N = 9035) containing a measure of cognitive ability, we find evidence that compared to people lower in cognitive ability, people higher in cognitive ability express more animosity towards ideologically discordant groups and more favouritism towards ideologically concordant groups. This pattern was particularly pronounced among liberals. In a registered report study, we then test whether the same is true of cognitive reflection in another large dataset (N = 3498). In contrast to cognitive ability, we find no relationship between cognitive reflection, political animosity and favouritism. Together, these studies provide a comprehensive test of how cognitive ability and cognitive reflection are related to political animosity and favouritism for liberals and conservatives in the United States.

自由派和保守派都会表达政治敌意和偏袒。然而,自由派和保守派之间是否存在相同或不同的因素导致了这种现象,人们对此知之甚少。我们检验了认知能力、认知反思和基于政治团体的态度之间可能存在的三种不同关系。通过分析对美国人进行的两项具有全国代表性的调查(N = 9035)(其中包含一项认知能力测量),我们发现有证据表明,与认知能力较低的人相比,认知能力较高的人对意识形态不一致的群体表现出更多的敌意,而对意识形态一致的群体则表现出更多的偏爱。这种模式在自由主义者中尤为明显。在一项登记报告研究中,我们在另一个大型数据集(N = 3498)中检验了认知反思是否也是如此。与认知能力相反,我们发现认知反思、政治敌意和偏袒之间没有关系。总之,这些研究全面检验了认知能力和认知反思与美国自由派和保守派的政治敌意和偏袒之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
From imagination to activism: Cognitive alternatives motivate commitment to activism through identification with social movements and collective efficacy 从想象到行动主义:认知替代方案通过认同社会运动和集体效能激发对行动主义的承诺
IF 5.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12811
Julian Bleh, Torsten Masson, Sabrina Köhler, Immo Fritsche
Having a vision and being able to imagine socially and ecologically just alternatives can motivate people for societal transformation. However, which psychological processes drive this link between the mental accessibility of societal alternatives and collective action? We hypothesized that collective efficacy beliefs and politicized identification form two pathways mediating the effects of cognitive alternatives on high‐cost activist behaviour. Two studies and a pooled analysis tested these hypotheses longitudinally. Data were collected in two field settings: a climate camp and an online conference on socio‐ecological visions. In line with our assumptions, and across three of the four analysed timeframes, latent change score modelling showed that changes in cognitive alternatives predicted changes in collective efficacy beliefs and social movement identification, which in turn, predicted changes in collective action intentions. We found clear evidence for our hypotheses in the short term and mixed evidence in the long term. Additional analyses including participative efficacy showed no relevant effects. We concluded that the ability to envision social change may foster a sense of agency as members of social movements. These processes linking imagination to activism are less about individual efficacy than about realizing the collective possibilities for change and identifying with the groups enacting it.
拥有远见并能够想象出社会和生态公正的替代方案,可以激励人们进行社会变革。然而,社会替代方案的心理可及性与集体行动之间的联系是由哪些心理过程驱动的呢?我们假设,集体效能信念和政治化认同是认知替代方案对高成本行动主义行为产生影响的两个中介途径。两项研究和一项汇总分析对这些假设进行了纵向测试。数据是在两个实地环境中收集的:一个气候营地和一个关于社会生态愿景的在线会议。与我们的假设一致,在四个分析时间段中的三个时间段,潜在变化得分建模显示,认知替代品的变化预测了集体效能信念和社会运动认同的变化,而集体效能信念和社会运动认同反过来又预测了集体行动意向的变化。我们发现,在短期内,我们的假设有明确的证据,而在长期内,则证据不一。包括参与效能在内的其他分析表明没有相关影响。我们的结论是,设想社会变革的能力可能会促进社会运动成员的代入感。这些将想象力与行动主义联系起来的过程,与其说是关于个人效能,不如说是关于实现变革的集体可能性,以及对实施变革的团体的认同。
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引用次数: 0
Between east and west, between past and future: The effects of exclusive historical victimhood on geopolitical attitudes in Hungary and Serbia. 东西方之间,过去与未来之间:独有的历史受害者身份对匈牙利和塞尔维亚地缘政治态度的影响。
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12825
Jovan Ivanović, Orsolya Vincze, Miloš Jevtić, Zsolt Szabó, István Csertő, Sarah Y Choi, James H Liu

In Eastern Europe, collective victim beliefs have become integral elements of national ideologies, especially amid rising geopolitical polarization. In this study, we investigated how exclusive victimhood was related to geopolitical attitudes in Hungary and Serbia. The study involved Serbian (N = 630) and Hungarian (N = 471) adult national samples stratified by gender, age, political orientation, and place of residence. As expected, exclusive victimhood predicted higher support for a geopolitical shift from the West (i.e., EU and US) to the East (i.e., Russia and China) via Euroscepticism in both samples. In Serbia, the strongest indirect effect was observed among participants with neutral attitudes towards the war in Ukraine. In Hungary, there was no expected moderated mediation while the direct effect of exclusive victimhood on the West-to-East geopolitical shift was largest for pro-Russian participants and non-significant for pro-Ukrainian participants. Different measures of ethnic identity showed no expected moderation effect, but an exploratory analysis revealed that exclusive victimhood partially mediated the relationship between identity measures (superiority and attachment) and support for a pro-Eastern (vs. pro-Western) geopolitical orientation. We discuss how the construals of the past based on exclusive victimhood shape future geopolitical preferences of the public in Hungary and Serbia.

在东欧,集体受害信念已成为国家意识形态的组成部分,尤其是在地缘政治两极分化日益加剧的情况下。在本研究中,我们调查了匈牙利和塞尔维亚的排他性受害者信念与地缘政治态度之间的关系。研究涉及塞尔维亚(630 人)和匈牙利(471 人)的成年国民样本,按性别、年龄、政治倾向和居住地进行了分层。正如预期的那样,在这两个样本中,排他性受害者身份通过欧洲怀疑论预测了对地缘政治从西方(即欧盟和美国)向东方(即俄罗斯和中国)转移的更高支持率。在塞尔维亚,对乌克兰战争持中立态度的参与者的间接效应最强。在匈牙利,地缘政治从西向东的转变没有预期的调节作用,而地缘政治从西向东的转变对亲俄参与者的直接影响最大,对亲乌参与者的直接影响不显著。不同的种族认同测量没有显示出预期的调节作用,但一项探索性分析显示,排他性受害者身份部分调节了认同测量(优越感和依恋)与支持亲东方(相对于亲西方)地缘政治取向之间的关系。我们讨论了基于排他性受害者身份对过去的解释如何影响匈牙利和塞尔维亚公众未来的地缘政治偏好。
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引用次数: 0
The opposite roles of injustice and cruelty in the internalization of a devaluation: The humiliation paradox revisited 不公正和残忍在贬低的内在化中扮演着相反的角色:羞辱悖论再探
IF 5.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12823
Jose A. Gonzalez‐Puerto, Saulo Fernández
Cruelty and its link to injustice in contexts of humiliation have not received to date due attention from experimental psychosocial research. Aiming at filling this gap, this paper presents three studies with increasing degrees of experimental control (Ntotal = 1098) that show a dual opponent‐process response to being targeted by potentially humiliating actions: while targets appraising more injustice internalize less the devaluation underlying the humiliation experience (thus partially dissolving the so‐called “paradox of humiliation”, Fernández et al., 2015, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41, 976), targets appraising more cruelty internalize more a devalued self‐view and feel more humiliated. The fine balance between these two closely connected but distinct appraisals is key to understand the internal/subjective experience of targets: seeing themselves mainly as victims of injustice or cruelty will prevent or favour, respectively, their internalization of the devaluation and their feeling humiliated. This opposite pattern also impacts victims' reaction: Both appraisals relate to aggressive responses via anger but while appraising cruelty also paradoxically leads to powerless inertia, appraising injustice (including importantly the injustice of cruelty itself) leads to less powerlessness and more assertive agency. The theoretical and applied implications of approaching the victims of humiliation as victims of both an injustice and a cruelty are discussed.
迄今为止,社会心理学实验研究尚未对羞辱背景下的残忍及其与不公正之间的联系给予应有的关注。为了填补这一空白,本文介绍了三项实验控制程度越来越高的研究(总人数 = 1098 人),这些研究显示了被潜在羞辱行为盯上后的双重对手过程反应:当评价不公正程度较高的目标内化羞辱体验背后的贬值程度较低时(从而部分化解了所谓的 "羞辱悖论",Fernández 等人,2015 年,《人格与社会心理学通报》,41, 976),评价不公正程度较高的目标内化羞辱体验背后的贬值程度较高时(从而部分化解了所谓的 "羞辱悖论"、2015, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41, 976),而评价更残酷的目标则更多地内化了贬低自我的观点,并感到更多羞辱。这两种紧密相连但又截然不同的评价之间的微妙平衡,是理解目标的内部/主观体验的关键:将自己主要视为不公正或残忍行为的受害者,将分别阻止或有利于他们将贬低和羞辱感内化。这种相反的模式也会影响受害者的反应:这两种评价都与通过愤怒做出的攻击性反应有关,但自相矛盾的是,对残忍的评价也会导致无力的惰性,而对不公正的评价(重要的是包括对残忍本身的不公正)则会导致更少的无力感和更自信的能动性。本文讨论了将羞辱的受害者同时视为不公正和残忍行为的受害者的理论和应用意义。
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引用次数: 0
The sustainable challenge: Where does social psychology stand in achieving the sustainable development goals? 可持续挑战:社会心理学在实现可持续发展目标中的地位?
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12822
Marta Prandelli, Valentina Rizzoli, Emiliano Tolusso

The United Nations Agenda 2030, inclusive of its 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs), serves as the global blueprint for sustainability for both present and future generations. Scientific research is entrusted with the responsibility of contributing by informing the current situation and future challenges in achieving the SDGs. This paper investigates the role of social psychology in contributing to the SDGs and the environmental, economic and social pillars of the UN Agenda. We analysed 4808 papers using Natural Language Processing to identify (i) the relevance of social psychology within the SDG-related literature and (ii) the current and potential contribution of social psychology to the SDGs. Results highlight that social psychology contributes to the SDGs by addressing typical social issues, primarily those related to health and gender, while noting its under-representation in some environmental and economic areas, despite social psychology well-established research on these topics. This paper introduces a novel approach for assessing the SDGs, fostering a critical reflection on the SDG framework and social psychology to guide less explored research paths. This approach could potentially enhance the evaluation and advancement of the 2030 Agenda, facilitating a deeper dialogue between the scientific community and policymakers, driving social change.

联合国 2030 年议程包括 17 项可持续发展目标(SDGs),是当代人和子孙后代实现可 持续发展的全球蓝图。科学研究肩负着为实现可持续发展目标的现状和未来挑战提供信息的责任。本文研究了社会心理学在促进可持续发展目标以及联合国议程的环境、经济和社会支柱方面的作用。我们使用自然语言处理技术分析了 4808 篇论文,以确定:(i) 社会心理学在可持续发展目标相关文献中的相关性;(ii) 社会心理学对可持续发展目标的当前和潜在贡献。研究结果表明,社会心理学通过解决典型的社会问题(主要是与健康和性别相关的问题)为可持续发展目标做出了贡献,同时也注意到社会心理学在一些环境和经济领域的代表性不足,尽管社会心理学在这些主题上的研究已经非常成熟。本文介绍了一种评估可持续发展目标的新方法,促进对可持续发展目标框架和社会心理学进行批判性反思,以指导探索较少的研究路径。这种方法有可能加强对 2030 年议程的评估和推进,促进科学界与决策者之间更深入的对话,推动社会变革。
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引用次数: 0
The horror of today and the terror of tomorrow: The role of future existential risks and present-day political risks in climate activism. 今天的恐怖与明天的恐怖:未来的生存风险和当今的政治风险在气候行动主义中的作用。
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12821
Mete Sefa Uysal, Nuria Martinez, Sara Vestergren

In response to the urgent global climate crisis, climate activism has risen as a potent force. Decision-making regarding climate collective action includes individuals' perceptions of the anticipated future existential risks of the climate crisis (risk of inaction) and present-day political risks of climate activism (risk of action). Our research, spanning four studies (two correlational surveys and two pre-registered experiments), focused on climate activism in Germany (N = 1027). We consistently showed that heightened politicized activist identification was associated with both confrontational and non-confrontational climate collective action across four studies. Furthermore, the anticipated existential climate risk was associated with non-confrontational climate action and present-day political risk with confrontational action. Politicized climate identity remained a robust predictor across different action tactics, while the content and temporality of risk (future existential vs. present-day political) in one's environment determined the transition between engagement in confrontational and non-confrontational climate action dynamically. Nevertheless, we did not find causal links between risk perceptions and collective action. We discuss our findings in line with ESIM (Elaborated Social Identity Model), and potential explanations for the lack of causal relationship and future directions for alternative methodologies and comprehensive conceptualization of risk perceptions are suggested.

为应对紧迫的全球气候危机,气候行动主义已成为一股强大的力量。有关气候集体行动的决策包括个人对气候危机的预期未来生存风险(不作为风险)和气候行动主义的当前政治风险(行动风险)的看法。我们的研究横跨四项研究(两项相关调查和两项预注册实验),重点关注德国的气候行动主义(N = 1027)。我们的研究一致表明,在四项研究中,政治活动家认同的增强与对抗性和非对抗性气候集体行动都有关联。此外,预期存在的气候风险与非对抗性气候行动相关,而当前的政治风险与对抗性行动相关。在不同的行动策略中,政治化的气候认同仍然是一个强有力的预测因素,而个人所处环境的风险内容和时间性(未来的生存风险与当前的政治风险)则决定了参与对抗性和非对抗性气候行动之间的动态转变。然而,我们并未发现风险认知与集体行动之间存在因果关系。我们根据 ESIM(阐释社会认同模型)讨论了我们的发现,并提出了缺乏因果关系的潜在解释以及替代方法和风险认知综合概念化的未来方向。
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引用次数: 0
Crisis geographies from above and below: Constructing globality during the COVID-19 pandemic. 危机地理从上而下:在 COVID-19 大流行期间构建全球性。
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12820
Joshua Uyheng, Cristina Jayme Montiel, Enrikko Sibayan

In this paper, we posit that the 'global' status of the pandemic is not an essentialized feature of the crisis, but a product of social construction by political leaders. More specifically, we examine how political leaders of a superpower and a peripheral nation produce the pandemic's globality through crisis geographies from above and below. Utilizing a mixed methods framework, we analyse public speeches by Donald Trump of the United States and Rodrigo Duterte of the Philippines through a critical approach to text analytics. Quantitatively, we found that besides mentioning their own homelands, Western countries featured more prominently in Trump's speeches while Asian neighbours were more salient in Duterte's speeches during the pandemic. However, the United States and China were consistently the most central in the crisis geographies of the pandemic of both speakers. Qualitatively, we further characterized the discourses surrounding these global pronouncements as: (a) collective reflexive positioning on the world stage, (b) charting zones of hope and (c) scapegoating zones of blame. Taken together, implications of this work are discussed in terms of understanding pandemic leadership in national and international contexts, recognizing its negotiated embeddedness in global structural hierarchies and enhancing critical approaches to geopolitical psychology.

在本文中,我们认为大流行病的 "全球 "地位并不是危机的本质特征,而是政治领导人进行社会建构的产物。更具体地说,我们研究了一个超级大国和一个边缘国家的政治领导人如何通过自上而下的危机地理学来制造大流行病的全球性。我们采用混合方法框架,通过文本分析的批判性方法分析了美国唐纳德-特朗普和菲律宾罗德里戈-杜特尔特的公开演讲。从数量上看,我们发现除了提到自己的祖国,西方国家在特朗普的演讲中占据了更突出的位置,而亚洲邻国在杜特尔特的演讲中则在大流行病期间占据了更突出的位置。然而,在两位发言人的大流行病危机地域中,美国和中国始终是最核心的。在定性方面,我们进一步将围绕这些全球声明的话语描述为(a) 在世界舞台上的集体反思性定位,(b) 描绘希望之区,(c) 将责任归咎于替罪羊之区。综上所述,我们讨论了这项工作在理解国家和国际背景下的流行病领导力、认识其在全球结构等级中的协商嵌入性以及加强地缘政治心理学的批判性方法等方面的意义。
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引用次数: 0
Biodiversity and cultural diversity are morally valued. 生物多样性和文化多样性具有道德价值。
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12818
Christoph Klebl, Jolanda Jetten, Brock Bastian, Julia Lee Cunningham

Humanity is facing rapid declines in both biodiversity and cultural diversity. As effective conservation policies often require strong public support, it is critical to understand whether individuals view diversity loss through a moral lens and whether they value diversity for its own sake, independent from instrumental or individual-centric concerns. Across two studies (N = 796), we found that individuals assigned moral value to both biodiversity and cultural diversity. Individuals assigned greater moral value to animals, plants and - to a lesser extent - languages when diversity was threatened, compared to when it was not threatened, despite an equal number of entities at risk, and they were willing to sacrifice a large number of these entities to prevent a loss in diversity. Additionally, we found (N = 12,000) that a general concern for diversity underlies concern for both biodiversity and cultural diversity. These findings suggest that emphasizing the inherent value of diversity may be effective for increasing public support for conservation of diversity.

人类正面临着生物多样性和文化多样性的迅速衰退。由于有效的保护政策通常需要强有力的公众支持,因此了解个人是否从道德角度看待多样性的丧失,以及他们是否出于多样性本身的原因而重视多样性,而不考虑工具性或以个人为中心的问题至关重要。通过两项研究(N = 796),我们发现个人对生物多样性和文化多样性都赋予了道德价值。当多样性受到威胁时,与未受到威胁时相比,尽管受到威胁的实体数量相同,但个体对动物、植物以及(在较小程度上)语言赋予了更高的道德价值,而且他们愿意牺牲大量这些实体来防止多样性的丧失。此外,我们还发现(N = 12,000),对多样性的普遍关注是对生物多样性和文化多样性关注的基础。这些发现表明,强调多样性的内在价值可能会有效地提高公众对保护多样性的支持。
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引用次数: 0
The role of perspective-taking in attenuating self-group distancing in women managers. 透视法在减少女性管理者自我群体疏远中的作用。
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12812
Janine Bosak, Clara Kulich, Samantha C Paustian-Underdahl, Rachelle Borg Dingli

Contrary to expectations about solidarity and sisterhood between women, women managers sometimes distance themselves from junior women in the workplace when facing identity threat, that is, the feeling that one's social identity-such as race or gender-is devalued or undermined. For example, women managers might distance themselves from lower status junior women by seeing themselves as more masculine and career committed than their junior women colleagues. To advance our understanding of how to combat self-group distancing, the present research proposed and tested whether taking the perspective of junior women would attenuate these ingroup-distancing tendencies in women managers. Findings from a field study and an experimental study indicated that women managers reported greater self-distancing from junior women (on masculine trait perceptions) compared to women employees. As predicted, this effect was attenuated for women managers with high levels of perspective-taking (Study 1) and for women who were experimentally led to take the perspective of junior women (Study 2). For ratings of career commitment and support for affirmative actions, we did not replicate the self-ingroup distancing effect reported in the literature. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

与人们对女性之间团结和姐妹情谊的期望相反,女性管理人员在面临身份威胁(即感觉自己的社会身份--如种族或性别--被贬低或受到损害)时,有时会与职场中的初级女性保持距离。例如,女性管理者可能会认为自己比下级女同事更有男子气概和事业心,从而与地位较低的下级女同事保持距离。为了加深我们对如何消除自我群体疏远的理解,本研究提出并测试了从下级女性的角度看问题是否会减少女性经理人的这些群体内疏远倾向。一项实地研究和一项实验研究的结果表明,与女性员工相比,女性管理者在男性特质认知方面与下级女性的自我疏远程度更高。正如所预测的那样,这种影响在女性管理者具有较高的视角选择水平(研究 1)和女性管理者在实验中被引导从下级女性的视角出发(研究 2)时有所减弱。至于对职业承诺和支持平权行动的评价,我们没有重复文献中报道的自我群体疏远效应。本文讨论了这些研究结果的理论和实践意义。
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引用次数: 0
From colonial time to decolonial temporalities. 从殖民时间到非殖民时间性。
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12817
Thabolwethu Tema Maphosa, Refiloe Makama

In this paper, we critique the colonial conception of time and present alternative decolonial temporalities. We propose that the colonial conception of time, which is linear and scarcity centred, is limiting when it comes to the possibility of contextually theorizing trauma and healing. We offer two main arguments. The first argument explores the discourse around the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in South Africa. Focusing specifically on Winnie Madikizela and F. W De Klerk, we show that in their engagement with the TRC, the linear, scarcity-centred and gendered nature of colonial time was animated. The second argument extends the first argument by considering how temporality is 'captured' by colonialism to foreground and universalize Western subjectivities and sensibilities. We use what Derek Hook calls a psycho-societal-diagnostic framework in conjunction with Fanon to show how subjectivities are structured in post-apartheid South Africa. We then consider how this time-subjectivity relationship is enacted at a geopolitical level. The paper ends by considering decolonial temporalities as a way to 're-cognize' at a collective level. While the paper engages with a series of concepts and ideas, namely capitalism, politics of justice, gender and race, these are threaded by the concept of time.

在本文中,我们对殖民主义的时间概念进行了批判,并提出了另一种非殖民主义的时间性。我们认为,殖民主义的时间概念是线性的,以稀缺性为中心,这种概念限制了将创伤和愈合理论化的可能性。我们提出了两个主要论点。第一个论点探讨了南非真相与和解委员会(TRC)的相关论述。我们特别关注了温妮-马迪基泽拉(Winnie Madikizela)和F-W-德克勒克(F. W. De Klerk),表明在他们参与真相与和解委员会的过程中,殖民时代的线性、以稀缺性为中心和性别化的本质被激发了出来。第二个论点对第一个论点进行了延伸,考虑了时间性如何被殖民主义 "捕获",以凸显和普及西方的主体性和感性。我们将德里克-胡克(Derek Hook)所称的心理-社会诊断框架与法农结合起来,说明种族隔离后的南非是如何构建主体性的。然后,我们考虑这种时间-主体性关系是如何在地缘政治层面上形成的。最后,本文将非殖民化的时间性视为在集体层面 "重新认识 "的一种方式。本文涉及一系列概念和观点,即资本主义、正义政治、性别和种族,而这些概念和观点都以时间概念为线索。
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引用次数: 0
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British Journal of Social Psychology
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