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‘They are conspiring against us’: How outgroup conspiracy theories stimulate environmental neglect in intergroup resource dilemmas 他们在密谋反对我们":群体外阴谋论如何在群体间资源困境中激发对环境的忽视。
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12758
Yijia Dong, Xinyi Yang, Xiaomeng Zhang, Jiang Jiang

Natural resources are limited, and people often share these limited resources in groups, which creates an intergroup resource dilemma. To understand individuals' sustainable behaviours in intergroup resource dilemmas in the context of group interactions, the present research systematically investigates the effect of outgroup conspiracy theories on sustainable behaviours and preliminarily explores the internal mechanism underlying this effect. First, a survey study (Study 1) relying on real-world intergroup relations first confirmed the negative correlation between outgroup conspiracy beliefs and sustainable intentions in intergroup resource dilemmas. Then, an online experimental study that utilized the real situation of a region in China (Study 2) tested the causal relationship between exposure to an outgroup conspiracy theory and sustainable intentions, as well as showing the mediating role of intergroup threat perception underlying this relationship. Finally, a preregistered experimental laboratory study (Study 3) further verified the causal effect of exposure to an outgroup conspiracy theory on sustainable behaviours, again confirming the mediating role of intergroup threat perception. In general, our research demonstrates that exposure to an outgroup conspiracy theory stimulates individuals' environmental neglect and reduces their sustainable behaviours by increasing their perceptions of intergroup threat when faced with intergroup resource dilemmas.

自然资源是有限的,而人们往往在群体中分享这些有限的资源,这就造成了群体间的资源困境。为了理解群体互动背景下个体在群际资源困境中的可持续行为,本研究系统地考察了群外阴谋论对可持续行为的影响,并初步探索了这种影响的内在机制。首先,一项基于现实群际关系的调查研究(研究 1)首先证实了群外共谋信念与群际资源困境中的可持续意向之间存在负相关。然后,利用中国某地区的真实情况进行的在线实验研究(研究 2)检验了暴露于群体外阴谋论与可持续意向之间的因果关系,并显示了群体间威胁感在这一关系中的中介作用。最后,一项预先登记的实验室实验研究(研究 3)进一步验证了接触外群体阴谋论对可持续行为的因果效应,再次证实了群体间威胁感的中介作用。总之,我们的研究表明,在面临群体间资源困境时,暴露于群体外阴谋论会增加个体对群体间威胁的感知,从而刺激个体对环境的忽视并减少其可持续行为。
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引用次数: 0
Motor coordination induces social identity—A novel paradigm for the investigation of the group performance-identity link 运动协调诱发社会认同--研究群体表现与认同联系的新范例。
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12757
Anand Krishna, Felix J. Götz

Joint action theorizing implies that any coordinated behaviour that induces co-representation with a partner should increase social identification, especially when the associated actions require a high degree of coordination and are experienced as being performed effectively. The current research provides a first test of this new theoretical prediction for complementary (rather than synchronous) joint actions. In each of two pre-registered experiments establishing a novel paradigm, participants performed a digital joystick task with a joint performance goal with three different partners. The task varied in coordination requirements across partners. In Experiment 1, results showed that when task segments were discrete between partners, they identified less as a group than when they had to coordinate their behaviour. Surprisingly, although constant coordination increased co-representation relative to intermittent coordination, it did not correspondingly increase social identification. However, performance correlated positively with identification; as performance was worse when participants had to coordinate, this may explain the results. Experiment 2 showed that performance is causally linked to identification when coordination is necessary. Taken together, our results suggest that experiencing effective coordination leads to greater social identification. In general, paradigms capable of examining the perceptual and motor aspects of collective behaviour may offer a new perspective on social identification in general and the performance-identification link in particular.

联合行动理论意味着,任何能引起与伙伴共同表述的协调行为都应能增加社会认同,尤其是当相关行动需要高度协调并被认为是有效完成时。目前的研究首次对互补(而非同步)联合行动的这一新理论预测进行了测试。在两个预先注册的实验中,每个实验都建立了一个新颖的范式,参与者与三个不同的伙伴共同完成一个以联合表现为目标的数字操纵杆任务。任务对不同伙伴的协调要求各不相同。在实验 1 中,结果显示,当任务片段在伙伴之间不连续时,他们作为一个群体的认同感比需要协调他们的行为时要低。令人惊讶的是,虽然相对于间歇性协调,持续性协调增加了共同代表,但并没有相应地增加社会认同。然而,行为表现与社会认同呈正相关;当参与者必须协调行为时,行为表现较差,这或许可以解释实验结果。实验 2 表明,当需要协调时,表现与认同有因果关系。综上所述,我们的研究结果表明,有效的协调会带来更多的社会认同。一般来说,能够研究集体行为的感知和运动方面的范式可以为社会认同,特别是表现与认同之间的联系提供一个新的视角。
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引用次数: 0
Religious engagement and antibody response to the COVID-19 vaccine 宗教参与和对 COVID-19 疫苗的抗体反应。
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12759
Grace McMahon, Renate Ysseldyk, Aoife Marie Foran, Magdalena Skrodzka, Orla T. Muldoon

This research examined religious engagement and subsequent antibody responses to the COVID-19 vaccine. Using publicly available data from the Understanding Society survey, we employed a longitudinal design. Between January 2016 and May 2018, respondents completed measures of religious belonging, frequency of attending religious services (i.e., extrinsic religiosity), and the difference religion made to their lives (i.e., intrinsic religiosity). A COVID-19 survey wave was collected in March 2021 and measured antibody responses to the COVID-19 vaccine via blood draw. A final sample of 746 adults [462 (61.9%) females, Mage = 61.94, SD = 19.07] was achieved. Mediation analyses (PROCESS, Model 4; Hayes, Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach, The Guildford Press, 2022; Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach; The Guildford Press) revealed one pathway through which religion and antibody responses to the COVID-19 vaccine are associated, namely via extrinsic factors—attendance at religious services. In contrast, intrinsic religious factors which is the difference religion can make to one's life, was not a significant mediator. Overall, this analysis provides evidence that behavioural enactment of religion matters to the effectiveness of vaccination and the management of public health crises. It also highlights the value of social resources associated with engagement in valued social groups—and in particular religious social groups—for public health.

本研究探讨了宗教参与和随后对 COVID-19 疫苗的抗体反应。利用 "了解社会 "调查的公开数据,我们采用了纵向设计。在 2016 年 1 月至 2018 年 5 月期间,受访者完成了宗教归属感、参加宗教仪式频率(即外在宗教性)和宗教对其生活的影响(即内在宗教性)的测量。COVID-19 调查于 2021 年 3 月进行,通过抽血测量 COVID-19 疫苗的抗体反应。最终样本为 746 名成年人[462 名(61.9%)女性,Mage = 61.94,SD = 19.07]。中介分析(PROCESS,模型 4;Hayes,中介、调节和条件过程分析简介:基于回归的方法,吉尔福德出版社,2022 年;调解、调节和条件过程分析导论:基于回归的方法;吉尔福德出版社)揭示了宗教与 COVID-19 疫苗抗体反应相关的一个途径,即通过外在因素--参加宗教仪式。与此相反,宗教内在因素,即宗教能给人的生活带来的改变,并不是一个重要的中介因素。总之,这项分析提供的证据表明,宗教的行为方式对疫苗接种的有效性和公共卫生危机的管理非常重要。它还强调了与参与有价值的社会群体--尤其是宗教社会群体--相关的社会资源对公共卫生的价值。
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引用次数: 0
Us, them and we: How national and human identifications influence adolescents' ethnic prejudice 我们、他们和我们:民族认同和人类认同如何影响青少年的种族偏见
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12755
Beatrice Bobba, Jochem Thijs, Elisabetta Crocetti

Although there have been numerous studies on the relations between group identification and ethnic prejudice, it is less clear whether their associations reflect stable individual tendencies or rather situational or temporal fluctuations. This longitudinal multilevel study aimed to fill this gap by examining the between- and within-person associations of identification with the national and superordinate human groups and levels of prejudice against multiple ethnic minorities. A total of 883 Italian majority adolescents (Mage = 15.66, SD = 1.15 at T1, 49.7% females) completed questionnaires at four time points over the course of 1 year. Results showed that national identification was related to more prejudice at the between-person level but to decreases in prejudice at the within-person level. Additionally, human identification contributed to lower levels of and steeper decreases in prejudice at both the between- and within-person levels. Common and unique associations also emerged across different ethnic minority targets, but only for between-person effects. Overall, this study highlights the importance of distinguishing stable individual levels and momentary fluctuations of both ingroup identifications and ethnic prejudice in order to orient future interventions aimed at improving the quality of intergroup relationships.

尽管已有许多关于群体认同与种族偏见之间关系的研究,但对于它们之间的关联是反映稳定的个人倾向还是情景或时间波动,却不太清楚。这项纵向多层次研究旨在通过考察人与人之间以及人与人之间对民族群体和上位人类群体的认同与对多个少数民族的偏见程度之间的关联来填补这一空白。共有 883 名意大利多数民族青少年(Mage = 15.66,T1 时 SD = 1.15,49.7% 为女性)在一年内的四个时间点完成了问卷调查。结果显示,在人与人之间,国家认同与更多偏见有关,但在人与人之间,国家认同与偏见减少有关。此外,在人与人之间和人与人之间的层面上,对人的认同会导致偏见程度降低和偏见程度急剧下降。在不同的少数民族目标中也出现了共同的和独特的关联,但仅限于人与人之间的影响。总之,这项研究强调了区分稳定的个人水平和瞬间波动的内群体认同和种族偏见的重要性,从而为未来旨在改善群体间关系质量的干预措施指明方向。
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引用次数: 0
Being close or being alone: How Social ostracism affects solitude preference 亲近还是独处:社会排斥如何影响独处偏好。
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12753
Cheng Pang, Tulips Yiwen Wang, Jiali Lin

Social ostracism refers to the phenomenon of being excluded from social interactions and not being accepted by society. While previous research has examined its impact on prosocial and antisocial behaviour, few studies have investigated how individuals respond to ostracism by seeking solitude. Therefore, our study aims to explore the association between social ostracism and solitude seeking as well as the potential psychological mechanisms involved. We conducted three studies involving 488 Chinese students (59% female) and found that (a) long-term ostracism experiences positively correlated with preference for solitude, (b) short-term ostracism did not immediately lead to solitude seeking but increased the desire to establish new connections with others and (c) hostile assessment and negative emotions played a chain mediation role in the relationship between social ostracism and solitude seeking. These findings provide new insights and empirical evidence for understanding the relationship between social ostracism and solitude-seeking.

社会排斥指的是被排除在社会交往之外、不被社会接受的现象。以往的研究探讨了社会排斥对亲社会行为和反社会行为的影响,但很少有研究探讨个体如何通过寻求独处来应对社会排斥。因此,我们的研究旨在探讨社会排斥与寻求独处之间的关联,以及其中潜在的心理机制。我们进行了三项研究,涉及 488 名中国学生(59% 为女性),结果发现:(a)长期的排斥经历与独处偏好呈正相关;(b)短期排斥不会立即导致寻求独处,但会增加与他人建立新联系的愿望;(c)敌对评价和负面情绪在社会排斥与寻求独处之间的关系中起到连锁调节作用。这些发现为理解社会排斥与寻求独处之间的关系提供了新的见解和实证证据。
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引用次数: 0
A social psychology of climate change: Progress and promise 气候变化的社会心理学:进展与前景
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12749
Susan Clayton

Social psychologists have conducted research relevant to environmental problems for many decades. However, the climate crisis presents a new problem with distinctive aspects and distinctive urgency. This paper reviews some of the principal ways in which social psychological research and theory have approached the topic, looking at perceptions, behaviour, and impacts linked to climate change. Each of these areas is becoming more sophisticated in acknowledging the diversity of experience among groups that vary in demographics and social roles. I close by identifying three important facets for future research: a focus on social justice, an effort to participate in interdisciplinary efforts, and an emphasis on maximizing our impact.

几十年来,社会心理学家一直在开展与环境问题相关的研究。然而,气候危机提出了一个新问题,具有独特的方面和独特的紧迫性。本文回顾了社会心理学研究和理论处理这一主题的一些主要方式,探讨了与气候变化相关的观念、行为和影响。这些领域中的每一个都在承认人口和社会角色不同的群体间经验的多样性方面变得更加成熟。最后,我指出了未来研究的三个重要方面:关注社会公正、努力参与跨学科工作以及强调最大限度地发挥我们的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Intersectional race–gender stereotypes in natural language 自然语言中的种族-性别交叉定型观念
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12748
Han-Wu-Shuang Bao, Peter Gries

How are Asian and Black men and women stereotyped? Research from the gendered race and stereotype content perspectives has produced mixed empirical findings. Using BERT models pre-trained on English language books, news articles, Wikipedia, Reddit and Twitter, with a new method for measuring propositions in natural language (the Fill-Mask Association Test, FMAT), we explored the gender (masculinity–femininity), physical strength, warmth and competence contents of stereotypes about Asian and Black men and women. We find that Asian men (but not women) are stereotyped as less masculine and less moral/trustworthy than Black men. Compared to Black men and Black women, respectively, both Asian men and Asian women are stereotyped as less muscular/athletic and less assertive/dominant, but more sociable/friendly and more capable/intelligent. These findings suggest that Asian and Black stereotypes in natural language have multifaceted contents and gender nuances, requiring a balanced view integrating the gender schema theory and the stereotype content model. Exploring their semantic representations as propositions in large language models, this research reveals how intersectional race–gender stereotypes are naturally expressed in real life.

亚裔和黑人男性和女性是如何被定型的?从性别种族和刻板印象内容角度进行的研究得出的实证结果喜忧参半。我们使用在英语书籍、新闻文章、维基百科、Reddit 和 Twitter 上预先训练的 BERT 模型,并采用一种测量自然语言命题的新方法(填充-掩码关联测试,FMAT),探讨了亚裔和黑人男性和女性刻板印象中的性别(男性气质-女性气质)、体力、温暖和能力等内容。我们发现,与黑人男性相比,亚裔男性(而非女性)被刻板印象为缺乏阳刚之气,道德感/可信度较低。与黑人男性和黑人女性相比,亚裔男性和亚裔女性分别被刻板印象为肌肉发达/运动能力较差、自信/支配欲较弱,但更善于交际/友好、更能干/聪明。这些研究结果表明,自然语言中的亚裔和黑人刻板印象具有多方面的内容和性别细微差别,需要将性别图式理论和刻板印象内容模型结合起来加以平衡。本研究探索了它们在大型语言模型中作为命题的语义表征,揭示了种族-性别交叉刻板印象在现实生活中是如何自然表达的。
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引用次数: 0
Strategic thinking in the shadow of self-enhancement: Benefits and costs 自我增值阴影下的战略思维:收益与成本
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12747
David J. Grüning, Joachim I. Krueger

Using a variant of the hide-and-seek game, we show in three studies that self-enhancement can help or hinder strategic thinking. In this guessing game, one player chooses a number while another player tries to guess it. Each player does this either in a random fashion (throwing a mental die) or by active thinking. The structure of the game implies that guessers benefit from thinking about a number, whereas choosers are disadvantaged. Yet, regardless of their role, respondents prefer to actively think about a number. For choosers, the belief they can outthink the opponent amounts to self-enhancement, whereas for guessers, the same belief can be rationally justified. We discuss the implications of the findings for theories of strategic cognition and applications to real-world contexts.

我们利用捉迷藏游戏的变体,通过三项研究表明,自我提升可以帮助或阻碍战略思维。在这个猜谜游戏中,一名玩家选择一个数字,另一名玩家则试图猜出这个数字。每个玩家可以随机选择数字(投掷智力骰子),也可以积极思考。游戏的结构意味着猜数字的人从思考中获益,而选数字的人则处于劣势。然而,无论其角色如何,受访者都更愿意主动思考一个数字。对于选择者来说,他们相信自己能比对手更聪明,这等同于自我提升,而对于猜测者来说,同样的信念在理性上是合理的。我们将讨论这些发现对战略认知理论的影响以及在现实世界中的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Child sexual abuse and social identity loss: A qualitative analysis of survivors' public accounts 儿童性虐待与社会身份丧失:对幸存者公开叙述的定性分析
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12752
Orla T. Muldoon, Alastair Nightingale, Grace McMahon, Siobhan Griffin, Daragh Bradshaw, Robert D. Lowe, Katrina McLaughlin

Emerging evidence suggests that social identities are an important determinant of adaptation following traumatic life experiences. In this paper, we analyse accounts of people who experienced child sexual abuse. Using publicly available talk of people who waived their right to anonymity following successful conviction of perpetrators, we conducted a thematic analysis focusing on trauma-related changes in their social identities. Analysis of these accounts highlighted two themes. The first highlights the acquisition in these accounts of unwanted and damaging identity labels. The second presents child sexual abuse as a key destructive force in terms of important identity work during childhood. Discussion of this analysis centres on the pathological consequences of social identity change. Both the loss of valued identities and the acquisition of aberrant and isolating identities are experienced and constructed as devastating by those affected by child sexual abuse. This has important implications, not only for those impacted by child sexual abuse but for how abuse is discussed in society, and how it is approached by policy makers, educators and individuals working with survivors and their families.

新的证据表明,社会身份是创伤性生活经历后适应的重要决定因素。在本文中,我们分析了儿童性虐待经历者的叙述。我们利用公开发表的、在犯罪者被成功定罪后放弃匿名权的人的谈话,进行了主题分析,重点关注与创伤相关的社会身份变化。对这些叙述的分析突出了两个主题。第一个主题强调在这些叙述中获得了不想要的、具有破坏性的身份标签。第二,儿童性虐待是童年时期重要身份认同工作的主要破坏力量。对这一分析的讨论集中在社会身份变化的病理后果上。受儿童性虐待影响的人既经历了有价值身份的丧失,也获得了异常和孤立的身份,并将其构建为破坏性的。这不仅对受儿童性虐待影响的人有重要影响,而且对社会如何讨论虐待问题,以及决策者、教育者和从事幸存者及其家庭工作的个人如何处理虐待问题都有重要影响。
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引用次数: 0
Studying intersectionality using ideological dilemmas: The case of paid domestic labour 利用意识形态困境研究交叉性:有偿家务劳动案例
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12750
Amy Jo Murray, Kevin Durrheim

Intersectionality has gained a great deal of academic purchase within the social sciences but there is still a need for further conceptual and methodological innovation and clarity. As such, this study uses paid domestic labour as a case study to apply Billig et al.'s (Ideological dilemmas: A social psychology of everyday thinking, 1988) notion of ideological dilemmas to explore the common sense that paid domestic workers draw on to position themselves as women and workers. The analysis highlights how participants use (often contradictory) themes of common sense when speaking about their place in the household through dilemmas of servitude, belonging, and intimacy. Speakers draw on gendered ideology, not as a fixed set of ideas, but rather as a mobile discursive resource that can be deployed in situ, allowing them to justify, subvert, and evaluate social positions of domestic womanhood. The study provides both a conceptual window and a robust method for studying nonessentialist intersectionality through ideological dilemmas.

交叉性在社会科学领域获得了大量的学术支持,但仍需要在概念和方法上进一步创新和明确。因此,本研究将有偿家政劳动作为案例研究,应用 Billig 等人(《意识形态困境:日常思维的社会心理学》,1988 年)的意识形态困境概念,探讨有偿家政工人在将自己定位为女性和工人时所利用的常识。分析强调了参与者在通过奴役、归属和亲密关系的两难处境谈论其在家庭中的地位时,如何使用(通常是相互矛盾的)常识主题。发言人利用了性别意识形态,但这并不是一套固定的观念,而是一种可在现场使用的流动话语资源,使她们能够证明、颠覆和评价家庭妇女的社会地位。这项研究为通过意识形态困境研究非本质主义交叉性提供了概念窗口和有力方法。
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引用次数: 0
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British Journal of Social Psychology
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