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Us, them and we: How national and human identifications influence adolescents' ethnic prejudice 我们、他们和我们:民族认同和人类认同如何影响青少年的种族偏见
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12755
Beatrice Bobba, Jochem Thijs, Elisabetta Crocetti

Although there have been numerous studies on the relations between group identification and ethnic prejudice, it is less clear whether their associations reflect stable individual tendencies or rather situational or temporal fluctuations. This longitudinal multilevel study aimed to fill this gap by examining the between- and within-person associations of identification with the national and superordinate human groups and levels of prejudice against multiple ethnic minorities. A total of 883 Italian majority adolescents (Mage = 15.66, SD = 1.15 at T1, 49.7% females) completed questionnaires at four time points over the course of 1 year. Results showed that national identification was related to more prejudice at the between-person level but to decreases in prejudice at the within-person level. Additionally, human identification contributed to lower levels of and steeper decreases in prejudice at both the between- and within-person levels. Common and unique associations also emerged across different ethnic minority targets, but only for between-person effects. Overall, this study highlights the importance of distinguishing stable individual levels and momentary fluctuations of both ingroup identifications and ethnic prejudice in order to orient future interventions aimed at improving the quality of intergroup relationships.

尽管已有许多关于群体认同与种族偏见之间关系的研究,但对于它们之间的关联是反映稳定的个人倾向还是情景或时间波动,却不太清楚。这项纵向多层次研究旨在通过考察人与人之间以及人与人之间对民族群体和上位人类群体的认同与对多个少数民族的偏见程度之间的关联来填补这一空白。共有 883 名意大利多数民族青少年(Mage = 15.66,T1 时 SD = 1.15,49.7% 为女性)在一年内的四个时间点完成了问卷调查。结果显示,在人与人之间,国家认同与更多偏见有关,但在人与人之间,国家认同与偏见减少有关。此外,在人与人之间和人与人之间的层面上,对人的认同会导致偏见程度降低和偏见程度急剧下降。在不同的少数民族目标中也出现了共同的和独特的关联,但仅限于人与人之间的影响。总之,这项研究强调了区分稳定的个人水平和瞬间波动的内群体认同和种族偏见的重要性,从而为未来旨在改善群体间关系质量的干预措施指明方向。
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引用次数: 0
Being close or being alone: How Social ostracism affects solitude preference 亲近还是独处:社会排斥如何影响独处偏好。
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12753
Cheng Pang, Tulips Yiwen Wang, Jiali Lin

Social ostracism refers to the phenomenon of being excluded from social interactions and not being accepted by society. While previous research has examined its impact on prosocial and antisocial behaviour, few studies have investigated how individuals respond to ostracism by seeking solitude. Therefore, our study aims to explore the association between social ostracism and solitude seeking as well as the potential psychological mechanisms involved. We conducted three studies involving 488 Chinese students (59% female) and found that (a) long-term ostracism experiences positively correlated with preference for solitude, (b) short-term ostracism did not immediately lead to solitude seeking but increased the desire to establish new connections with others and (c) hostile assessment and negative emotions played a chain mediation role in the relationship between social ostracism and solitude seeking. These findings provide new insights and empirical evidence for understanding the relationship between social ostracism and solitude-seeking.

社会排斥指的是被排除在社会交往之外、不被社会接受的现象。以往的研究探讨了社会排斥对亲社会行为和反社会行为的影响,但很少有研究探讨个体如何通过寻求独处来应对社会排斥。因此,我们的研究旨在探讨社会排斥与寻求独处之间的关联,以及其中潜在的心理机制。我们进行了三项研究,涉及 488 名中国学生(59% 为女性),结果发现:(a)长期的排斥经历与独处偏好呈正相关;(b)短期排斥不会立即导致寻求独处,但会增加与他人建立新联系的愿望;(c)敌对评价和负面情绪在社会排斥与寻求独处之间的关系中起到连锁调节作用。这些发现为理解社会排斥与寻求独处之间的关系提供了新的见解和实证证据。
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引用次数: 0
A social psychology of climate change: Progress and promise 气候变化的社会心理学:进展与前景
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12749
Susan Clayton

Social psychologists have conducted research relevant to environmental problems for many decades. However, the climate crisis presents a new problem with distinctive aspects and distinctive urgency. This paper reviews some of the principal ways in which social psychological research and theory have approached the topic, looking at perceptions, behaviour, and impacts linked to climate change. Each of these areas is becoming more sophisticated in acknowledging the diversity of experience among groups that vary in demographics and social roles. I close by identifying three important facets for future research: a focus on social justice, an effort to participate in interdisciplinary efforts, and an emphasis on maximizing our impact.

几十年来,社会心理学家一直在开展与环境问题相关的研究。然而,气候危机提出了一个新问题,具有独特的方面和独特的紧迫性。本文回顾了社会心理学研究和理论处理这一主题的一些主要方式,探讨了与气候变化相关的观念、行为和影响。这些领域中的每一个都在承认人口和社会角色不同的群体间经验的多样性方面变得更加成熟。最后,我指出了未来研究的三个重要方面:关注社会公正、努力参与跨学科工作以及强调最大限度地发挥我们的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Intersectional race–gender stereotypes in natural language 自然语言中的种族-性别交叉定型观念
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12748
Han-Wu-Shuang Bao, Peter Gries

How are Asian and Black men and women stereotyped? Research from the gendered race and stereotype content perspectives has produced mixed empirical findings. Using BERT models pre-trained on English language books, news articles, Wikipedia, Reddit and Twitter, with a new method for measuring propositions in natural language (the Fill-Mask Association Test, FMAT), we explored the gender (masculinity–femininity), physical strength, warmth and competence contents of stereotypes about Asian and Black men and women. We find that Asian men (but not women) are stereotyped as less masculine and less moral/trustworthy than Black men. Compared to Black men and Black women, respectively, both Asian men and Asian women are stereotyped as less muscular/athletic and less assertive/dominant, but more sociable/friendly and more capable/intelligent. These findings suggest that Asian and Black stereotypes in natural language have multifaceted contents and gender nuances, requiring a balanced view integrating the gender schema theory and the stereotype content model. Exploring their semantic representations as propositions in large language models, this research reveals how intersectional race–gender stereotypes are naturally expressed in real life.

亚裔和黑人男性和女性是如何被定型的?从性别种族和刻板印象内容角度进行的研究得出的实证结果喜忧参半。我们使用在英语书籍、新闻文章、维基百科、Reddit 和 Twitter 上预先训练的 BERT 模型,并采用一种测量自然语言命题的新方法(填充-掩码关联测试,FMAT),探讨了亚裔和黑人男性和女性刻板印象中的性别(男性气质-女性气质)、体力、温暖和能力等内容。我们发现,与黑人男性相比,亚裔男性(而非女性)被刻板印象为缺乏阳刚之气,道德感/可信度较低。与黑人男性和黑人女性相比,亚裔男性和亚裔女性分别被刻板印象为肌肉发达/运动能力较差、自信/支配欲较弱,但更善于交际/友好、更能干/聪明。这些研究结果表明,自然语言中的亚裔和黑人刻板印象具有多方面的内容和性别细微差别,需要将性别图式理论和刻板印象内容模型结合起来加以平衡。本研究探索了它们在大型语言模型中作为命题的语义表征,揭示了种族-性别交叉刻板印象在现实生活中是如何自然表达的。
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引用次数: 0
Strategic thinking in the shadow of self-enhancement: Benefits and costs 自我增值阴影下的战略思维:收益与成本
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12747
David J. Grüning, Joachim I. Krueger

Using a variant of the hide-and-seek game, we show in three studies that self-enhancement can help or hinder strategic thinking. In this guessing game, one player chooses a number while another player tries to guess it. Each player does this either in a random fashion (throwing a mental die) or by active thinking. The structure of the game implies that guessers benefit from thinking about a number, whereas choosers are disadvantaged. Yet, regardless of their role, respondents prefer to actively think about a number. For choosers, the belief they can outthink the opponent amounts to self-enhancement, whereas for guessers, the same belief can be rationally justified. We discuss the implications of the findings for theories of strategic cognition and applications to real-world contexts.

我们利用捉迷藏游戏的变体,通过三项研究表明,自我提升可以帮助或阻碍战略思维。在这个猜谜游戏中,一名玩家选择一个数字,另一名玩家则试图猜出这个数字。每个玩家可以随机选择数字(投掷智力骰子),也可以积极思考。游戏的结构意味着猜数字的人从思考中获益,而选数字的人则处于劣势。然而,无论其角色如何,受访者都更愿意主动思考一个数字。对于选择者来说,他们相信自己能比对手更聪明,这等同于自我提升,而对于猜测者来说,同样的信念在理性上是合理的。我们将讨论这些发现对战略认知理论的影响以及在现实世界中的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Child sexual abuse and social identity loss: A qualitative analysis of survivors' public accounts 儿童性虐待与社会身份丧失:对幸存者公开叙述的定性分析
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12752
Orla T. Muldoon, Alastair Nightingale, Grace McMahon, Siobhan Griffin, Daragh Bradshaw, Robert D. Lowe, Katrina McLaughlin

Emerging evidence suggests that social identities are an important determinant of adaptation following traumatic life experiences. In this paper, we analyse accounts of people who experienced child sexual abuse. Using publicly available talk of people who waived their right to anonymity following successful conviction of perpetrators, we conducted a thematic analysis focusing on trauma-related changes in their social identities. Analysis of these accounts highlighted two themes. The first highlights the acquisition in these accounts of unwanted and damaging identity labels. The second presents child sexual abuse as a key destructive force in terms of important identity work during childhood. Discussion of this analysis centres on the pathological consequences of social identity change. Both the loss of valued identities and the acquisition of aberrant and isolating identities are experienced and constructed as devastating by those affected by child sexual abuse. This has important implications, not only for those impacted by child sexual abuse but for how abuse is discussed in society, and how it is approached by policy makers, educators and individuals working with survivors and their families.

新的证据表明,社会身份是创伤性生活经历后适应的重要决定因素。在本文中,我们分析了儿童性虐待经历者的叙述。我们利用公开发表的、在犯罪者被成功定罪后放弃匿名权的人的谈话,进行了主题分析,重点关注与创伤相关的社会身份变化。对这些叙述的分析突出了两个主题。第一个主题强调在这些叙述中获得了不想要的、具有破坏性的身份标签。第二,儿童性虐待是童年时期重要身份认同工作的主要破坏力量。对这一分析的讨论集中在社会身份变化的病理后果上。受儿童性虐待影响的人既经历了有价值身份的丧失,也获得了异常和孤立的身份,并将其构建为破坏性的。这不仅对受儿童性虐待影响的人有重要影响,而且对社会如何讨论虐待问题,以及决策者、教育者和从事幸存者及其家庭工作的个人如何处理虐待问题都有重要影响。
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引用次数: 0
Studying intersectionality using ideological dilemmas: The case of paid domestic labour 利用意识形态困境研究交叉性:有偿家务劳动案例
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12750
Amy Jo Murray, Kevin Durrheim

Intersectionality has gained a great deal of academic purchase within the social sciences but there is still a need for further conceptual and methodological innovation and clarity. As such, this study uses paid domestic labour as a case study to apply Billig et al.'s (Ideological dilemmas: A social psychology of everyday thinking, 1988) notion of ideological dilemmas to explore the common sense that paid domestic workers draw on to position themselves as women and workers. The analysis highlights how participants use (often contradictory) themes of common sense when speaking about their place in the household through dilemmas of servitude, belonging, and intimacy. Speakers draw on gendered ideology, not as a fixed set of ideas, but rather as a mobile discursive resource that can be deployed in situ, allowing them to justify, subvert, and evaluate social positions of domestic womanhood. The study provides both a conceptual window and a robust method for studying nonessentialist intersectionality through ideological dilemmas.

交叉性在社会科学领域获得了大量的学术支持,但仍需要在概念和方法上进一步创新和明确。因此,本研究将有偿家政劳动作为案例研究,应用 Billig 等人(《意识形态困境:日常思维的社会心理学》,1988 年)的意识形态困境概念,探讨有偿家政工人在将自己定位为女性和工人时所利用的常识。分析强调了参与者在通过奴役、归属和亲密关系的两难处境谈论其在家庭中的地位时,如何使用(通常是相互矛盾的)常识主题。发言人利用了性别意识形态,但这并不是一套固定的观念,而是一种可在现场使用的流动话语资源,使她们能够证明、颠覆和评价家庭妇女的社会地位。这项研究为通过意识形态困境研究非本质主义交叉性提供了概念窗口和有力方法。
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引用次数: 0
Honour, acculturation and well-being: Evidence from the UK and Canada 荣誉、文化适应和福祉:来自英国和加拿大的证据
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12751
Ayse K. Uskul, Jorida Cila, Pelin Gul, Alexander Kirchner-Häusler, Barbora Hubená

Adopting a social psychological approach, across three studies (N = 927) in two western immigrant-receiving societies (UK and Canada), we examined the role of honour in acculturation variables (i.e., immigrants' heritage and mainstream cultural orientation and well-being), controlling for some of the commonly studied predictors of immigrant adaptation. We assessed honour as concern (Studies 1 and 2) and as a desired attribute for men and women (Study 3) and studied well-being in terms of acculturative stress (Study 1) and subjective evaluation of one's life (Studies 1 and 3). We examined our questions among groups of immigrants originating from honour (Studies 1 and 2) and dignity cultural groups (Study 1) and from first- and second-generation immigrants (Study 3). Overall, despite some significant associations at the bivariate level between honour and acculturation outcomes, findings provided mixed support for the claim that honour (measured as concerns and cultural codes) plays a significant role in immigrant acculturation above and beyond commonly studied predictors of immigrant adaptation.

我们采用社会心理学方法,通过在两个西方移民接收社会(英国和加拿大)进行的三项研究(N = 927),考察了荣誉在文化适应变量(即移民的遗产和主流文化取向以及幸福感)中的作用,并控制了一些通常研究的移民适应预测因素。我们将荣誉作为关注点(研究 1 和 2)以及男性和女性的理想属性(研究 3)进行评估,并从文化适应压力(研究 1)和对个人生活的主观评价(研究 1 和 3)的角度对幸福感进行研究。我们对来自荣誉(研究 1 和 2)和尊严文化群体(研究 1)以及第一代和第二代移民(研究 3)的移民群体进行了调查。总体而言,尽管荣誉感与文化适应结果之间在二元水平上存在一些重要关联,但研究结果并不支持以下说法,即荣誉感(以关注点和文化准则衡量)在移民文化适应过程中发挥了重要作用,其作用超出了通常研究的移民适应预测因素。
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引用次数: 0
Introducing and validating a single-item measure of identity leadership: The visual identity leadership scale (VILS) 引入并验证单一项目的身份领导力测量方法:视觉身份领导力量表(VILS)
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12744
Niklas K. Steffens, Srinivasan Tatachari, S. Alexander Haslam, Jérémy E. Wilson-Lemoine, Mazlan Maskor, Rolf van Dick, Benedikt E. Kratzer, Julia Christensen, Rudolf Kerschreiter

In the present research, we introduce and validate a single-item measure of identity leadership—the visual identity leadership scale (VILS). The VILS uses Venn diagrams of sets of overlapping circles to denote different degrees of alignment between a leader's characteristics and behaviours and a group's values and goals. Key advantages of the VILS over other existing multi-item scales are that it provides a holistic assessment of identity leadership, is short, and can be adapted to address novel research questions that are impractical to address with existing scales (e.g. in diary studies, assessing multiple comparisons of many leaders or groups). Data from three studies (conducted in India, the United States and Germany) provide evidence of the VILS' construct reliability and validity. Results also showcase the instrument's capacity to be adapted to assess variations of identity leadership—for example, by assessing a leader's convergence with descriptive and ideal notions of collective self (i.e. with ‘who we are’ and ‘who we want to be’). We discuss the value of including the VILS in the toolbox that researchers and practitioners can utilize to expand our understanding of identity processes in leadership and group behaviour.

在本研究中,我们引入并验证了一种单一项目的身份领导力测量方法--视觉身份领导力量表(VILS)。VILS 使用由一组重叠圆圈组成的维恩图来表示领导者的特征和行为与群体的价值观和目标之间的不同吻合程度。与其他现有的多项目量表相比,VILS 的主要优势在于它能对身份领导力进行全面评估,而且简短,可用于解决现有量表无法解决的新颖研究问题(例如,在日记研究中,对许多领导者或团体进行多重比较评估)。来自三项研究(分别在印度、美国和德国进行)的数据证明了 VILS 的信度和效度。研究结果还表明,该工具可用于评估身份领导力的各种变化--例如,通过评估领导者与集体自我的描述性概念和理想概念(即 "我们是谁 "和 "我们想成为谁")的趋同性。我们讨论了将 VILS 纳入工具箱的价值,研究人员和从业人员可以利用 VILS 来扩展我们对领导力和群体行为中身份认同过程的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Social identity, mental health and the experience of migration 社会身份、心理健康和移民经历
IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12745
Kristine Brance, Vasileios Chatzimpyros, Richard P. Bentall

Evidence suggests that social identities, which provide purpose and a sense of belonging, enhance resilience against psychological strain and safeguard well-being. This applies to first-generation migrant populations facing adverse experiences, including prejudice and disconnection from previous identities during host country integration, negatively impacting their well-being. The importance of social identity also extends to first-generation migrant descendants, confronting dual-identity challenges and experiencing exclusion and discrimination despite being native born. Building on the social identity approach to mental health, 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted to investigate how migrants construct their social identities, their perspective on the challenges and changes they experience in relation to group memberships and ultimately, the influence this has on their psychological well-being. Findings emphasize the significance of social identity continuity and gain pathways in first-generation migrants' successful adjustment and psychological well-being. For second-generation migrants, dual-identity development is especially difficult during adolescence due to social exclusion and discrimination in schools. Even in early adulthood, pressure to maintain heritage identity can lead to negative mental health outcomes over time. The current study contributes to and strengthens the social identity approach to migrant mental health and has wider implications for psychological interventions and policy.

有证据表明,社会身份提供了目的性和归属感,可增强抵御心理压力和保障福祉的能力。这适用于第一代移民,他们在融入东道国的过程中面临着不利的经历,包括偏见和与以前身份的脱节,这对他们的幸福产生了负面影响。社会认同的重要性还延伸到第一代移民的后代,他们面临着双重身份的挑战,尽管是土生土长的本地人,却遭受着排斥和歧视。基于心理健康的社会身份方法,我们进行了 20 次半结构式访谈,调查移民如何构建他们的社会身份、他们对与群体成员身份相关的挑战和变化的看法,以及这最终对他们心理健康的影响。研究结果强调了社会身份的连续性和获得途径对第一代移民成功适应社会和心理健康的重要意义。对于第二代移民来说,由于学校中的社会排斥和歧视,青少年时期的双重身份发展尤其困难。即使在成年早期,保持遗产身份的压力也会导致长期的负面心理健康结果。目前的研究有助于并加强有关移民心理健康的社会认同方法,并对心理干预和政策具有更广泛的影响。
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引用次数: 0
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British Journal of Social Psychology
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