{"title":"School Performance, Score Inflation and Neighborhood Development","authors":"Erich Battistin, Lorenzo Neri","doi":"10.1086/725001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41527131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many studies use matched employer-employee data to estimate a statistical model of earnings determination with worker and firm fixed effects. Estimates based on this model have produced influential yet controversial conclusions. The objective of this paper is to assess the sensitivity of these conclusions to the biases that arise because of limited mobility of workers across firms. We use employer-employee data from the United States and several European countries while taking advantage of both fixed effects and random effects methods for bias correction. We find that limited mobility bias is severe and that bias correction is important.
{"title":"How Much Should We Trust Estimates of Firm Effects and Worker Sorting?","authors":"Stephane Bonhomme, Kerstin Holzheu, Thibaut Lamadon, Elena Manresa, Magne Mogstad, Bradley Setzler","doi":"10.1086/720009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/720009","url":null,"abstract":"Many studies use matched employer-employee data to estimate a statistical model of earnings determination with worker and firm fixed effects. Estimates based on this model have produced influential yet controversial conclusions. The objective of this paper is to assess the sensitivity of these conclusions to the biases that arise because of limited mobility of workers across firms. We use employer-employee data from the United States and several European countries while taking advantage of both fixed effects and random effects methods for bias correction. We find that limited mobility bias is severe and that bias correction is important.","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135822418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We analyze the roles that skill transferability and the local industry mix have on the adjustment costs of workers a ff ected by a negative trade shock. Using rich administrative data from Germany, we construct novel measures of economic distance between sectors based on the notion of skill transferability. We combine these distance measures with sectoral employment shares in German regions to construct an index of labor market flexibility. This index captures the degree to which workers from a particular industry will be able to reallocate into other jobs. We then study the role of labor market flexibility on the e ff ect of import shocks on the earnings and the employment outcomes of German manufacturing workers. Among workers living in inflexible labor markets, the di ff erence between a worker at the 75th percentile of industry import exposure and one at the 25th percentile of exposure amounts to an earnings loss ranging from 9 to 12% of initial annual income (over a 10 year period). The earning losses of workers living in flexible regions are much smaller (3.5 to 4%). These findings are robust to controlling for a wide array of region level characteristics, including region size and overall employment growth. Taken together, our findings indicate that the industry composition of local labor markets plays an important role on the adjustment processes of workers.
{"title":"Industry Mix, Local Labor Markets, and the Incidence of Trade Shocks","authors":"M. Yi, Steffen Q. Mueller, Jens Stegmaier","doi":"10.1086/724569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724569","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze the roles that skill transferability and the local industry mix have on the adjustment costs of workers a ff ected by a negative trade shock. Using rich administrative data from Germany, we construct novel measures of economic distance between sectors based on the notion of skill transferability. We combine these distance measures with sectoral employment shares in German regions to construct an index of labor market flexibility. This index captures the degree to which workers from a particular industry will be able to reallocate into other jobs. We then study the role of labor market flexibility on the e ff ect of import shocks on the earnings and the employment outcomes of German manufacturing workers. Among workers living in inflexible labor markets, the di ff erence between a worker at the 75th percentile of industry import exposure and one at the 25th percentile of exposure amounts to an earnings loss ranging from 9 to 12% of initial annual income (over a 10 year period). The earning losses of workers living in flexible regions are much smaller (3.5 to 4%). These findings are robust to controlling for a wide array of region level characteristics, including region size and overall employment growth. Taken together, our findings indicate that the industry composition of local labor markets plays an important role on the adjustment processes of workers.","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45296111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Decline in Rent Sharing","authors":"P. Bukowski, S. Machin, Brian Bell","doi":"10.1086/724570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724570","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45200327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Jackson, Sebastián Kiguel, Shanette C. Porter, J. Easton
We estimate the longer-run effects of attending an effective high school (one that improves a combination of test scores, survey measures of socio-emotional development, and behaviors in 9th grade) for students who are more versus less educationally advantaged (i.e., likely to attain more years of education based on 8th-grade characteristics). All students benefit from attending effective schools, but the least advantaged students experience larger improvements in high-school graduation, college going, and school-based arrests. This heterogeneity is not solely due to less-advantaged groups being marginal for particular outcomes. Commonly used test-score value-added understates the long-run importance of effective schools, particularly for less-advantaged populations. Patterns suggest this partly reflects less-advantaged students being relatively more responsive to non-test-score dimensions of school quality. ∗Jackson: kirabo-jackson@northwestern.edu. Kiguel: skiguel@u.northwestern.edu. Porter: shanette@studentexperiencenetwork.org. Easton: jqeaston@uchicago.edu. The authors thank the staff at Chicago Public Schools, particularly the Office of Social and Emotional Learning and the University of Chicago Consortium on School Research, for providing access to, and information about, the Chicago Public Schools data. This paper benefited from discussion with seminar participants at the UChicago Consortium, and data management was facilitated by their archivist, Todd Rosenkranz. The authors acknowledge funding for this research from the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors.
{"title":"Who Benefits From Attending Effective High Schools?","authors":"C. Jackson, Sebastián Kiguel, Shanette C. Porter, J. Easton","doi":"10.1086/724568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724568","url":null,"abstract":"We estimate the longer-run effects of attending an effective high school (one that improves a combination of test scores, survey measures of socio-emotional development, and behaviors in 9th grade) for students who are more versus less educationally advantaged (i.e., likely to attain more years of education based on 8th-grade characteristics). All students benefit from attending effective schools, but the least advantaged students experience larger improvements in high-school graduation, college going, and school-based arrests. This heterogeneity is not solely due to less-advantaged groups being marginal for particular outcomes. Commonly used test-score value-added understates the long-run importance of effective schools, particularly for less-advantaged populations. Patterns suggest this partly reflects less-advantaged students being relatively more responsive to non-test-score dimensions of school quality. ∗Jackson: kirabo-jackson@northwestern.edu. Kiguel: skiguel@u.northwestern.edu. Porter: shanette@studentexperiencenetwork.org. Easton: jqeaston@uchicago.edu. The authors thank the staff at Chicago Public Schools, particularly the Office of Social and Emotional Learning and the University of Chicago Consortium on School Research, for providing access to, and information about, the Chicago Public Schools data. This paper benefited from discussion with seminar participants at the UChicago Consortium, and data management was facilitated by their archivist, Todd Rosenkranz. The authors acknowledge funding for this research from the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors.","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47839290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effect of Job Search Requirements on Family Welfare Receipt","authors":"Marc K. Chan, N. Hérault, H. Vu, R. Wilkins","doi":"10.1086/724157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49617325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Women who make time-costly career investments may face a penalty on the marriage market due to lower fecundity. Using an innovative experiment where online daters are recruited to rate profiles with randomly assigned age, incentivized with customized advice based on their ratings, I find a causal negative impact of age on women’s marriage market value. For every year a woman ages, she must earn $7,000 more annually to remain equally attractive to potential partners. This penalty is driven entirely by men who have no children and are aware of the age–fertility tradeoff, demonstrating the connection to fecundity.
{"title":"Pricing the Biological Clock: The Marriage Market Costs of Aging to Women","authors":"Corinne Low","doi":"10.1086/723834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723834","url":null,"abstract":"Women who make time-costly career investments may face a penalty on the marriage market due to lower fecundity. Using an innovative experiment where online daters are recruited to rate profiles with randomly assigned age, incentivized with customized advice based on their ratings, I find a causal negative impact of age on women’s marriage market value. For every year a woman ages, she must earn $7,000 more annually to remain equally attractive to potential partners. This penalty is driven entirely by men who have no children and are aware of the age–fertility tradeoff, demonstrating the connection to fecundity.","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42746984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We study the impacts of industrial robots on employment in Japan, the country with the longest tradition of robot adoption. We employ a novel data set of robot shipments by destination industry and robot application (specified task) in quantity and unit values. These features allow us to use an identification strategy leveraging the heterogeneous application of robots across industries and heterogeneous price changes across applications. For example, the price drop of the welding robot relative to the assembling robot induced faster adoption of robots in the automobile industry that intensively uses welding processes than in the electric machine industry that intensively uses assembling processes. Our industrial-level and commuting zone-level analyses both indicate that the decline of robot prices increased the number of robots as well as employment, suggesting that robots and labor are gross complementary in the production process. We compare our estimates with those reported by existing studies and propose a mechanism that explains apparent differences between the
{"title":"Robots and Employment: Evidence from Japan, 1978-2017","authors":"Daisuke Adachi, Daiji Kawaguchi, Yuki Saito","doi":"10.1086/723205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723205","url":null,"abstract":"We study the impacts of industrial robots on employment in Japan, the country with the longest tradition of robot adoption. We employ a novel data set of robot shipments by destination industry and robot application (specified task) in quantity and unit values. These features allow us to use an identification strategy leveraging the heterogeneous application of robots across industries and heterogeneous price changes across applications. For example, the price drop of the welding robot relative to the assembling robot induced faster adoption of robots in the automobile industry that intensively uses welding processes than in the electric machine industry that intensively uses assembling processes. Our industrial-level and commuting zone-level analyses both indicate that the decline of robot prices increased the number of robots as well as employment, suggesting that robots and labor are gross complementary in the production process. We compare our estimates with those reported by existing studies and propose a mechanism that explains apparent differences between the","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43990009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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