Journal of Labor Economics最新文献

英文中文

Unobserved Endowments and Gender Differences in Marriage Matching 婚姻匹配中的未观察禀赋与性别差异

IF 3.8 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Labor Economics

Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.1086/720762

Wenchao Li, X. Lou, Junjian Yi, Junsen Zhang

This study investigates the effects of unobserved earnings-related endowments on marital outcomes, focusing on potential gender differences. Using a less stringent, more plausible assumption that monozygotic twins share more similar endowments relative to dizygotic twins, we develop a novel identification strategy from the twins experiment. Using unique Chinese twins survey data, we find that men with genetic endowments related to higher earnings marry earlier and have younger, taller wives; such women marry later and have older husbands with higher education and income. Results cast doubt on the conventional assumption of independence between unobservables and observable marital attributes.

这项研究调查了未观察到的与收入相关的捐赠对婚姻结果的影响，重点关注潜在的性别差异。使用一个不那么严格、更可信的假设，即单卵双胞胎与双卵双胞胎具有更相似的禀赋，我们从双胞胎实验中开发了一种新的识别策略。利用独特的中国双胞胎调查数据，我们发现，具有与收入较高相关的基因禀赋的男性结婚更早，妻子更年轻、更高；这些妇女结婚较晚，丈夫年龄较大，教育程度和收入较高。研究结果使人们对不可观察和可观察婚姻属性之间独立性的传统假设产生了怀疑。

引用次数: 0

The Health and Welfare Effects of Increases in Workers’ Compensation Benefits 工人补偿金增加对健康和福利的影响

IF 3.8 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Labor Economics

Pub Date : 2022-04-18 DOI: 10.1086/720456

Lu Jinks

This paper estimates the causal impacts of workers’ compensation income benefits on workers’ health and welfare outcomes. Using claims data from 2004 to 2016, I explore the variation in benefits due to a reform of New York workers’ compensation that increased the maximum weekly benefits. I find that a $77 increase in the weekly benefits led to an additional 3.4 days off work. Medical utilization did not increase. Each extra day off work decreased the reinjury likelihood by 2.9%. The current benefit level in New York is close to optimal in balancing payer cost and worker health outcomes.

本文估计了工人补偿收入福利对工人健康和福利结果的因果影响。利用2004年至2016年的索赔数据，我探讨了由于纽约工人薪酬改革增加了每周最高福利而导致的福利变化。我发现每周福利增加77美元，导致额外3.4天的休息时间。医疗利用率没有增加。每多休息一天，再次受伤的可能性就会降低2.9%。在平衡支付成本和工人健康结果方面，纽约目前的福利水平接近最佳水平。

引用次数: 0

Interactions with Powerful Female Colleagues Promote Diversity in Hiring 与强势女同事的互动促进招聘的多样性

IF 3.8 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Labor Economics

Pub Date : 2022-04-12 DOI: 10.1086/720392

M. Battaglini, Jorgen Harris, Eleonora Patacchini

We study the effect of hearing cases alongside female judicial colleagues on the probability that a federal judge hires a female law clerk. Federal judges are assigned to judicial panels at random and have few limitations on their choices of clerks. Using a unique dataset of federal case records merged with judicial hiring information, we find a significant effect of the fraction of copanelists who are female on a male judge’s likelihood of hiring a female clerk. This finding suggests that increases in the diversity of the upper rungs of a profession can create opportunities at the entry level.

我们研究了与女性司法同事一起审理案件对联邦法官雇用女性法律助理的概率的影响。联邦法官被随机分配到司法小组，他们对职员的选择几乎没有限制。通过将联邦案件记录的独特数据集与司法招聘信息相结合，我们发现共同小组成员中女性的比例对男性法官雇佣女性书记员的可能性有显著影响。这一发现表明，职业高层的多样性增加可以为入门级创造机会。

引用次数: 1

Wage Inequality in Germany after the Minimum Wage Introduction 引入最低工资后德国的工资不平等

IF 3.8 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Labor Economics

Pub Date : 2022-04-12 DOI: 10.1086/720391

Mario Bossler, Thorsten Schank

Monthly wage inequality in Germany continued to increase in the early 2000s, which is mainly explained by a rising part-time employment share. After 2010, inequality returned to the level of 2000. About half of the recent decrease is due to the introduction of the national minimum wage in 2015. While employment effects of the minimum wage are negligible, we find strong wage increases among the existing workforce. The minimum wage lowered wage inequality within eastern and western Germany but also led to a convergence of the east-west wage differential. The increased labor incomes were not offset by decreasing social benefits.

21世纪初，德国的月工资不平等现象继续加剧，这主要是由于非全日制就业比例上升。2010年之后，不平等现象又回到了2000年的水平。最近的下降约有一半是由于2015年实行了国家最低工资。虽然最低工资对就业的影响可以忽略不计，但我们发现现有劳动力的工资增长强劲。最低工资降低了德国东部和西部的工资不平等，但也导致了东西部工资差异的趋同。劳动收入的增加并没有被社会福利的减少所抵消。

引用次数: 21

Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circovirus Types 2 and 3 in Wild Boar in Italy. 意大利野猪中猪圆环病毒 2 型和 3 型的遗传多样性。

IF 2.7 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Labor Economics

Pub Date : 2022-04-07 DOI: 10.3390/ani12080953

Angela Fanelli, Francesco Pellegrini, Michele Camero, Cristiana Catella, Domenico Buonavoglia, Giovanna Fusco, Vito Martella, Gianvito Lanave

Porcine circovirus (PCV) infection is associated with relevant economic impact to the pig industry. To date, four species of PCV (PCV1 to 4) have been identified but only PCV2 has been associated firmly with disease in pigs. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of PCV2 and PCV3 in the wild boar population in Basilicata region, Southern Italy, since this region is characterized by large forested and rural areas and the anthropic pressure is lower than in other Italian regions. Liver samples from 82 hunted wild boar were collected in 2021 from 3 different hunting districts. Sixty (73%, 95%CI: 63-82) samples tested positive for PCVs by quantitative PCR. In detail, 22 (27%, 95%CI: 18-37) were positive for PCV2, 58 (71%, 95%CI: 60-79) for PCV3, and 20 (24.4%, 95%CI 16-35) for both PCV2 and PCV3. On genome sequencing, different types and sub-types of PCV2 and PCV3 were identified, remarking a genetic diversity and hinting to a global circulation for the identified PCV strains. Overall, the high prevalence suggests that PCV2 and PCV3 infections are endemic in the wild boar population, posing risks for semi-intensive and free-range pig farming, typical of this region, due to contact with PCV-infected wild boar.

猪圆环病毒（PCV）感染对养猪业造成了相关的经济影响。迄今为止，已发现四种 PCV（PCV1 至 PCV4），但只有 PCV2 与猪的疾病密切相关。这项研究的目的是评估 PCV2 和 PCV3 在意大利南部巴西利卡塔大区野猪群体中的流行情况，因为该大区的特点是有大片森林和农村地区，人类活动压力低于意大利其他大区。2021 年从 3 个不同的狩猎区收集了 82 头被猎杀野猪的肝脏样本。通过定量 PCR 检测，60 份样本（73%，95%CI：63-82）的 PCV 呈阳性。其中，22 个样本（27%，95%CI：18-37）对 PCV2 呈阳性，58 个样本（71%，95%CI：60-79）对 PCV3 呈阳性，20 个样本（24.4%，95%CI：16-35）对 PCV2 和 PCV3 均呈阳性。在基因组测序中，发现了 PCV2 和 PCV3 的不同类型和亚型，显示出遗传多样性，并暗示已发现的 PCV 株系在全球范围内流通。总之，高流行率表明 PCV2 和 PCV3 感染在野猪种群中流行，由于与感染 PCV 的野猪接触，给该地区典型的半集约化和散养猪场带来了风险。

{"title":"Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circovirus Types 2 and 3 in Wild Boar in Italy.","authors":"Angela Fanelli, Francesco Pellegrini, Michele Camero, Cristiana Catella, Domenico Buonavoglia, Giovanna Fusco, Vito Martella, Gianvito Lanave","doi":"10.3390/ani12080953","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani12080953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine circovirus (PCV) infection is associated with relevant economic impact to the pig industry. To date, four species of PCV (PCV1 to 4) have been identified but only PCV2 has been associated firmly with disease in pigs. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of PCV2 and PCV3 in the wild boar population in Basilicata region, Southern Italy, since this region is characterized by large forested and rural areas and the anthropic pressure is lower than in other Italian regions. Liver samples from 82 hunted wild boar were collected in 2021 from 3 different hunting districts. Sixty (73%, 95%CI: 63-82) samples tested positive for PCVs by quantitative PCR. In detail, 22 (27%, 95%CI: 18-37) were positive for PCV2, 58 (71%, 95%CI: 60-79) for PCV3, and 20 (24.4%, 95%CI 16-35) for both PCV2 and PCV3. On genome sequencing, different types and sub-types of PCV2 and PCV3 were identified, remarking a genetic diversity and hinting to a global circulation for the identified PCV strains. Overall, the high prevalence suggests that PCV2 and PCV3 infections are endemic in the wild boar population, posing risks for semi-intensive and free-range pig farming, typical of this region, due to contact with PCV-infected wild boar.</p>","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9031215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82394959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effect of School and Neighborhood Peers on Achievement, Misbehavior, and Adult Crime 学校和邻居同伴对成就、不端行为和成人犯罪的影响

IF 3.8 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Labor Economics

Pub Date : 2022-04-06 DOI: 10.1086/720323

Stephen B. Billings, Mark Hoekstra

This paper assesses the importance of school and neighborhood peers in shaping educational achievement, adolescent misbehavior, and adult crime. Using cohort variation within Charlotte-Mecklenburg County, we focus on the impact of peers whose parents have been arrested, which is strongly and independently predictive of worse outcomes. Results indicate that a 5 percentage point increase in school peers linked to parental arrest reduces educational achievement by 0.016 standard deviations and increases adult arrest rates by 5%. Additional evidence indicates that peer effects are primarily driven by interactions in schools rather than in neighborhoods.

本文评估了学校和邻里同伴在塑造教育成就、青少年不良行为和成人犯罪方面的重要性。利用夏洛特-梅克伦堡县的队列变化，我们关注父母被逮捕的同龄人的影响，这是对更糟糕结果的强烈和独立的预测。结果表明，与父母逮捕有关的学校同伴增加5个百分点，会使教育成就降低0.016个标准差，并使成人被捕率增加5%。其他证据表明，同伴效应主要是由学校的互动而不是社区的互动驱动的。

引用次数: 1

Nevertheless She Persisted? Gender Peer Effects in Doctoral STEM Programs. 然而，她坚持?STEM博士项目中的性别同伴效应。

IF 3.8 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Labor Economics

Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1086/714921

Valerie K Bostwick, Bruce A Weinberg

We study the effects of peer gender composition in STEM doctoral programs on persistence and degree completion. Leveraging unique new data and quasi-random variation in gender composition across cohorts within programs, we show that women entering cohorts with no female peers are 11.7pp less likely to graduate within 6 years than their male counterparts. A 1 sd increase in the percentage of female students differentially increases women's probability of on-time graduation by 4.4pp. These gender peer effects function primarily through changes in the probability of dropping out in the first year of a Ph.D. program.

我们研究了STEM博士课程中同伴性别构成对持久性和学位完成的影响。利用独特的新数据和项目内队列性别构成的准随机变化，我们发现，进入没有女性同伴的队列的女性在6年内毕业的可能性比男性低11.7%。女生比例每增加1个百分点，女生准时毕业的概率就会增加4.4个百分点。这些性别同伴效应主要通过博士项目第一年退学概率的变化来发挥作用。

引用次数: 43

Rent Sharing within Firms 企业内部租金分担

IF 3.8 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Labor Economics

Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1086/718713

David D. Cho, A. Krueger

This study investigates the extent to which economic rents are shared among different types of workers within firms. We utilize administrative payroll records in order to estimate the elasticity of employee compensation with respect to the price of crude oil at petroleum extraction companies. We find that the elasticity of rent sharing is heterogeneous within firms and significantly higher for workers at the top of the earnings distribution. These results can be rationalized by a bargaining model in which insiders within a firm possess greater power to negotiate over wages.

本研究探讨了企业内不同类型工人之间经济租金的分配程度。我们利用行政工资单记录来估计石油开采公司的员工薪酬在原油价格方面的弹性。我们发现，租金分担的弹性在企业内部是异质的，并且对于收入分配顶端的工人来说，弹性明显更高。这些结果可以通过一个讨价还价模型来合理化，在这个模型中，公司内部人员在工资谈判方面拥有更大的权力。

引用次数: 0

Minimum Wages, Wages, and Price Pass-Through: The Case of McDonald’s Restaurants 最低工资、工资和价格传递:麦当劳餐厅的案例

IF 3.8 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Labor Economics

Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1086/718190

O. Ashenfelter, Š. Jurajda

Based on 2016–20 hourly wage rates of McDonald’s basic crew and Big Mac prices collected simultaneously from almost all US McDonald’s, we find that in 25% of instances of minimum wage increases, restaurants keep constant their wage premium above the increasing minimum wage. Higher minimum wages are not associated with faster adoption of touch-screen ordering, and there is near-full price pass-through of minimum wages. Minimum wage hikes lead to increases in real wages (expressed as how many Big Macs 1 hour of basic crew work can buy) that are one-fifth lower than the corresponding increases in nominal wages.

基于2016–20年麦当劳基本员工的小时工资率和从几乎所有美国麦当劳同时收集的巨无霸价格，我们发现，在25%的最低工资上涨情况下，餐厅将其工资溢价保持在不断上涨的最低工资之上。更高的最低工资与更快地采用触摸屏订购无关，而且最低工资几乎是全价的。最低工资的上涨导致实际工资的上涨（表示为一小时的基本船员工作可以买到多少巨无霸），比名义工资的相应上涨低五分之一。

引用次数: 8

Introduction to a Special Issue in Honor of Alan B. Krueger 艾伦·克鲁格纪念特刊简介

IF 3.8 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Labor Economics

Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1086/718434

David Card, Alexandre Mas

Alan Krueger was one of the most prolific and influential economists of his generation. While his research extended into many different areas, including environmental economics,macroeconomics, and behavioral economics, he identifiedfirst and foremost as a “labor economist.”Hewas a labor economist par excellence, always pushing the field in a new (or long overlooked) direction while maintaining the highest standards for the quality and credibility of his empirical findings. The papers in this issue, written by his students and colleagues in labor economics, pay tribute to some of his major contributions to our field. Virtually every paper builds on one or more of Alan’s ideas. Alan earned his bachelor’s degree in industrial and labor relations from Cornell in 1983. His early education included classes in labor economics and statistics that informed his work throughout his career, including a deep appreciation of the value of original data. Thiswas reflected in the surveys at the heart of many of his best-known papers—including his studies of minimum wages (Katz and Krueger 1992; Card and Krueger 1994), twins (Ashenfelter and Krueger 1994), well-being (Kahneman et al. 2004), and wage posting (Hall and Krueger 2012)—and by his founding of the Survey Research Center at Princeton in 1993. Alan’s 1987 dissertation at Harvard focused on wage determination—a topic he returned to often. The first chapter, which was his job market paper and was later published in theQuarterly Journal of Economics (Krueger 1991), is remarkable for the bold simplicity of its design. Alan proposed to

艾伦·克鲁格是他那一代最多产、最有影响力的经济学家之一。虽然他的研究扩展到了许多不同的领域，包括环境经济学、宏观经济学和行为经济学，但他首先认为自己是一位“劳工经济学家”。他是一位杰出的劳工经济学家，总是将该领域推向一个新的（或长期被忽视的）方向，同时保持其实证研究结果的质量和可信度的最高标准。本期的论文由他的学生和劳动经济学同事撰写，赞扬了他对我们领域的一些重大贡献。几乎每一篇论文都建立在艾伦的一个或多个想法之上。Alan于1983年在康奈尔大学获得工业和劳动关系学士学位。他的早期教育包括劳动经济学和统计学课程，这些课程为他整个职业生涯的工作提供了信息，包括对原始数据价值的深刻理解。这反映在他许多最著名论文的核心调查中，包括他对最低工资的研究（Katz和Krueger 1992；Card和Krueger1994）、双胞胎（Ashenfelter和Kruerger 1994）、幸福感（Kahneman等人，2004）和工资公布（Hall和Kruenger，2012），以及他于1993年在普林斯顿成立调查研究中心。艾伦1987年在哈佛大学的论文集中于工资决定——这是他经常回到的话题。第一章是他的就业市场论文，后来发表在《经济学季刊》（Krueger 1991）上，以其大胆简洁的设计而引人注目。Alan向

{"title":"Introduction to a Special Issue in Honor of Alan B. Krueger","authors":"David Card, Alexandre Mas","doi":"10.1086/718434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/718434","url":null,"abstract":"Alan Krueger was one of the most prolific and influential economists of his generation. While his research extended into many different areas, including environmental economics,macroeconomics, and behavioral economics, he identifiedfirst and foremost as a “labor economist.”Hewas a labor economist par excellence, always pushing the field in a new (or long overlooked) direction while maintaining the highest standards for the quality and credibility of his empirical findings. The papers in this issue, written by his students and colleagues in labor economics, pay tribute to some of his major contributions to our field. Virtually every paper builds on one or more of Alan’s ideas. Alan earned his bachelor’s degree in industrial and labor relations from Cornell in 1983. His early education included classes in labor economics and statistics that informed his work throughout his career, including a deep appreciation of the value of original data. Thiswas reflected in the surveys at the heart of many of his best-known papers—including his studies of minimum wages (Katz and Krueger 1992; Card and Krueger 1994), twins (Ashenfelter and Krueger 1994), well-being (Kahneman et al. 2004), and wage posting (Hall and Krueger 2012)—and by his founding of the Survey Research Center at Princeton in 1993. Alan’s 1987 dissertation at Harvard focused on wage determination—a topic he returned to often. The first chapter, which was his job market paper and was later published in theQuarterly Journal of Economics (Krueger 1991), is remarkable for the bold simplicity of its design. Alan proposed to","PeriodicalId":48308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Labor Economics","volume":"40 1","pages":"S1 - S15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41641446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

首页上一页

下一页尾页

类型

全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

数据库

全部 ACS Publications Elsevier ieeexplore Springer The Royal Society of Chemistry Wiley

期刊

Journal of Labor Economics

全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.

﹀