Communication Research最新文献

英文中文

Can We Counteract Hate? Effects of Online Hate Speech and Counter Speech on the Perception of Social Groups 我们能消除仇恨吗?网络仇恨言论和反言论对社会群体认知的影响

1区文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Communication Research

Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.1177/00936502231201091

Svenja Schäfer, Isabella Rebasso, Ming Manuel Boyer, Anna Maria Planitzer

Hate speech can increase stereotyped thinking and social distancing in a society. However, there is still a lack of variety in the social groups under study and research into possible solutions to the problem. Thus, our aim is to (1) study effects of hate speech against Chinese people and transgender people and (2) to investigate if counter speech can offset the detrimental effects of hate speech. We conducted a pre-registered online experiment with a 2 × 3 between-subject design, varying the attacked group (Chinese people/transgender people) and the type of comments (neutral/hate speech/hate speech and counter speech) for an Austrian sample ( n = 1285). Findings reveal no effect of hate speech on the dependent variables, indicating that citizens might not be as vulnerable to hate speech after all. However, counter speech has a polarizing effect: attitudinal gaps and differences for social distancing increase between left-wing and right-wing participants if hate speech is countered.

仇恨言论会增加社会中的刻板印象和社会距离。然而，在对这一问题的可能解决方案进行研究和研究的社会群体中，仍然缺乏多样性。因此，我们的目的是:(1)研究仇恨言论对中国人和跨性别者的影响;(2)调查反言论是否可以抵消仇恨言论的有害影响。我们进行了一项预先注册的在线实验，采用2 × 3受试者之间的设计，对奥地利样本(n = 1285)进行了不同的攻击群体(中国人/变性人)和评论类型(中性/仇恨言论/仇恨言论和反言论)。研究结果显示，仇恨言论对因变量没有影响，这表明公民可能不会那么容易受到仇恨言论的影响。然而，反言论具有两极分化效应:如果仇恨言论被反击，左翼和右翼参与者之间的态度差距和社会距离差异会增加。

引用次数: 0

The Role of Person-Centered Messages, Parallel Disclosures, and Reactance When Communicating Support for Parental Death 以人为中心的信息的作用，平行披露，和抗拒时沟通支持父母的死亡

1区文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Communication Research

Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.1177/00936502231200554

Xi Tian, Denise Haunani Solomon

This article evaluates communicative strategies to reduce reactance and enhance outcomes when people receive supportive messages about the death of their parent. Two experiments, a laboratory study and an online survey, manipulated person-centeredness and the presence and timing of parallel bereavement disclosures by the support provider. In both studies, moderately person-centered messages produced less reactance and better support quality, compared to low person-centered messages, and were perceived to be as effective as highly person-centered messages. The inclusion of support providers’ parallel disclosures produced different outcomes depending on person-centeredness and the timing of disclosures. A perceived threat to freedom and reactance serially mediated the associations between person-centered messages and outcomes, including emotional improvement, support quality, and source derogation, but not the interactive effects of parallel disclosures and person-centered messages on outcomes. The discussion highlights the challenges of communicating support for major life stressors.

这篇文章评估沟通策略，以减少抗拒和提高结果，当人们收到关于他们的父母死亡的支持信息。两项实验，一项实验室研究和一项在线调查，操纵了以人为中心以及支持提供者同时披露丧亲之情的存在和时间。在这两项研究中，与低以人为中心的信息相比，适度以人为中心的信息产生更少的抗拒和更好的支持质量，并且被认为与高度以人为中心的信息一样有效。包括支持提供者的平行披露产生不同的结果取决于以人为中心和披露的时间。感知到的对自由的威胁和抗拒依次介导了以人为中心的信息和结果之间的关联，包括情绪改善、支持质量和来源减损，但没有平行披露和以人为中心的信息对结果的互动影响。讨论强调了沟通支持主要生活压力的挑战。

引用次数: 0

Reviewer Acknowledgment for 2022 2022年审稿人致谢

1区文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Communication Research

Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1177/00936502231174968

引用次数: 0

Affective Responses to Counter-Attitudinal Testimonials Drive Persuasive Effects: The Case of Physician-Assisted Suicide 对反态度证词的情感反应驱动说服效应:医生协助自杀的案例

1区文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Communication Research

Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1177/00936502231198551

Judy Watts, Michael D. Slater, Emily Moyer-Gusé

Overtly persuasive narratives such as testimonials pose significant challenges for theories of narrative persuasion. Such theories argue that overt persuasive intent diminishes entertainment and entertaining narratives reduce counterarguing. We propose that testimonial narratives instead have persuasive advantages through their ability to arouse message-consistent emotions and reduce affective reactance to the messages. Participants ( n = 1478) were randomly assigned to read a testimonial narrative or a non-narrative article about physician-assisted suicide. Articles were perceived as highly persuasive and low in entertainment intent; the testimonial was higher than the non-narrative in perceived eudaimonic intent. As predicted, testimonials reduced counterarguing via increased meaningful affect and decreased affective reactance to the message. Interaction tests showed that these effects were stronger in counterattitudinal participants. Theoretical implications for understanding the effects of testimonial narratives, particularly when the narratives are eudaimonic, are discussed, as are innovations for measuring counterarguing and perceived message intent.

明显有说服力的叙事，如证言，对叙事说服理论提出了重大挑战。这些理论认为，公开的有说服力的意图会减少娱乐性，而娱乐性的叙述会减少反驳。我们认为，叙事性叙事具有说服优势，因为它们能够唤起与信息一致的情绪，并减少对信息的情感抗拒。参与者(n = 1478)被随机分配阅读一篇关于医生协助自杀的叙述性文章或一篇非叙述性文章。文章被认为具有很强的说服力，娱乐意图较低;在感知的幸福意图上，叙事性高于非叙事性。正如预测的那样，推荐通过增加有意义的影响和减少对信息的情感抗拒来减少反驳。相互作用测试表明，这些影响在反态度参与者中更强。本文讨论了理解证言叙事的影响的理论含义，特别是当叙述是虚幻的，以及测量反驳和感知信息意图的创新。

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引用次数: 0

Measuring mental health professionals' trauma care competencies: Psychometric properties of the novel readiness to work with trauma-exposed patients scale. 测量心理健康专业人员的创伤护理能力：新型创伤患者工作准备量表的心理测量特性。

IF 6.3 1区文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Communication Research

Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2022-04-04 DOI: 10.1037/tra0001231

Evaldas Kazlauskas, Lina Jovarauskaite, Odeta Gelezelyte

Objective: A lack of training in PTSD assessment and treatment can cause nonrecognition, misdiagnosis, or mistreatment of trauma-exposed patients in clinical practice. To fill the gap of the measures of trauma care-related competencies, the current study aimed to test psychometric properties of the novel Readiness to Work with Trauma-Exposed Patients Scale (RTEPS) in a sample of clinicians.

Method: The study sample comprised 279 Lithuanian mental health professionals (91% psychologists and 9% psychiatrists). The mean age of study participants was 41.09 (SD = 10.68), 93.9% were female. Almost half of the participants (49.1%) had more than 10 years of work experience in the field of mental health, and 61.3% of clinicians reported routinely seeing trauma-exposed patients in their clinical practice.

Results: Exploratory structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis revealed that a three-factor, first-order model of the 10-item self-report RTEPS comprising competencies of assessment, treatment, and affect tolerance showed the best fit for the data. Additionally, previous trauma-focused training experience but not work experience was significantly associated with perceived readiness to work with trauma-exposed patients while controlling for the rates of depression and anxiety of mental health professionals.

Conclusions: The findings of the study provide evidence of the RTEPS validity based on test content, internal structure, relations to other variables as well as internal consistency. The RTEPS scale is a brief and easily administered instrument that could be used in the context of training or clinical setting to evaluate the trauma care competencies among professionals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

目的：在临床实践中，缺乏创伤后应激障碍评估和治疗方面的培训可能会导致对受创伤患者的不识别、误诊或错误治疗。为了填补创伤护理相关能力测量方面的空白，本研究旨在对临床医生样本中的新型创伤暴露患者工作准备量表（RTEPS）的心理测量特性进行测试：研究样本包括 279 名立陶宛心理健康专业人员（91% 为心理学家，9% 为精神病学家）。研究参与者的平均年龄为 41.09 岁（SD = 10.68），93.9% 为女性。近一半的参与者（49.1%）在心理健康领域有 10 年以上的工作经验，61.3% 的临床医生表示在临床实践中经常接诊有心理创伤的患者：探索性结构方程建模和确认性因子分析显示，由评估、治疗和情感耐受能力组成的 10 项自我报告 RTEPS 的三因子一阶模型与数据的拟合度最高。此外，在控制心理健康专业人员的抑郁和焦虑率的情况下，以前的创伤培训经历（而非工作经历）与感知到的与遭受创伤的患者打交道的准备程度有显著关联：研究结果从测试内容、内部结构、与其他变量的关系以及内部一致性等方面证明了 RTEPS 的有效性。RTEPS 量表是一种简明易用的工具，可用于培训或临床环境中评估专业人员的创伤护理能力。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。

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引用次数: 0

Not Bowling Alone: Revisiting Partisan Types and Participatory Behaviors Using the Communication Mediated Model 不只打保龄球:用沟通中介模型重新审视党派类型和参与行为

IF 6.2 1区文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Communication Research

Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.1177/00936502231195658

Hsuan-Ting Chen, Jing Guo

Drawing on the two-wave 2020 American National Election Studies (ANES) survey, this study revisits partisan types by categorizing individuals’ party identification and positions on party-divided issues. A Latent Class Analysis reveals six types of partisans, which were further clustered into three types: polarized partisans (i.e., polarized Democrats and polarized Republicans, 47.85%), incongruent partisans (i.e., conservative Democrats and liberal Republicans, 28.23%), and floating citizens (i.e., hesitant citizens and apathetic citizens, 23.92%) based on the partisan typology proposed in this study. Employing the O-S-R-O-R model, this study found that polarized partisans (O), who are the most politically active citizens, are more likely than incongruent partisans and floating citizens to seek pro-attitudinal news on multi-platforms (S), then to discuss politics (R), then to be politically knowledgeable (O), which finally leads to higher levels of political participation. The results highlight a worrisome tendency in US politics as participation is largely by biased polarized partisans. Nevertheless, incongruent partisans also have the potential to make contributions to both deliberative and participatory democracy because they are also politically active. Their discussion and participatory behaviors can be attributed to their mixed issue positions and counter-attitudinal news consumption on multi-platforms.

根据2020年美国国家选举研究（ANES）的两波调查，本研究通过对个人的党派认同和对党派分歧问题的立场进行分类，重新审视了党派类型。潜在阶级分析揭示了六种类型的党派人士，并将其进一步分为三种类型：两极分化的党派人士（即两极分化的民主党人和两极分化的共和党人，47.85%）、不协调的党派人士，以及基于本研究中提出的党派类型的流动公民（即犹豫不决的公民和冷漠的公民，23.92%）。采用O-S-R-O-R模型，本研究发现，两极分化的党派人士（O）是政治上最活跃的公民，他们比不协调的党派人士和流动公民更有可能在多平台上寻求支持态度的新闻（S），然后讨论政治（R），然后了解政治（O），这最终导致了更高水平的政治参与。这一结果突显了美国政治中一种令人担忧的趋势，因为参与的主要是有偏见的两极分化的党派人士。然而，不协调的党派人士也有潜力为协商民主和参与民主做出贡献，因为他们在政治上也很活跃。他们的讨论和参与行为可以归因于他们在多平台上的混合议题立场和反态度新闻消费。

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引用次数: 0

Moral Balancing in Video Games: The Moderating Role of Issue Congruency 电子游戏中的道德平衡:问题一致性的调节作用

IF 6.2 1区文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Communication Research

Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1177/00936502231195106

Yu-Hao Lee, Mo Chen, Joyce Guo, Qing Xu

Research has shown that performing moral or immoral actions in video games can affect the players’ moral self-worth and evoke moral emotions. People may compensate for their immoral behaviors by performing more moral actions, but sometimes performing moral actions can also license them to perform immoral behaviors later. The current study examines whether players engage in moral licensing or moral cleansing behaviors within and after video game moral scenarios. Study 1 is an exploratory study that examined a sequence of moral dilemmas in the game Papers, Please, and found that players alternated between choosing the moral choices and the accurate choices, indicating signs of moral balancing when faced with moral choices that conflict with their in-game goals. Study 2 utilized a 3 (moral vs. immoral vs. control) × 2 (congruent charity vs. incongruent charity) experiment using a moral event in the game Life is Strange to examine the moderating effects of issue congruency on moral balancing. Study 3 used three different games to replicate Study 2. The findings showed that players who performed moral actions in the game also devoted more efforts to a charity on a congruent issue. However, participants who performed a moral behavior in the game committed significantly less effort to a charity on an incongruent issue, indicating a moral licensing effect. Study 2 found that performing immoral actions in a game can motivate players to devote more efforts to a subsequent charity, regardless of issue congruity, but this moral cleansing effect was not observed in Study 3.

研究表明，在电子游戏中进行道德或不道德的行为会影响玩家的道德自我价值，唤起道德情感。人们可以通过采取更多的道德行为来补偿他们的不道德行为，但有时采取道德行为也可以允许他们以后采取不道德行为。目前的研究考察了玩家在电子游戏道德场景内外是否参与道德许可或道德净化行为。研究1是一项探索性研究，研究了游戏《Papers，Please》中的一系列道德困境，发现玩家在选择道德选择和准确选择之间交替，表明当面临与游戏目标相冲突的道德选择时，有道德平衡的迹象。研究2使用了3（道德与不道德与控制） × 2（一致慈善与不一致慈善）实验使用游戏《生活很奇怪》中的道德事件来检验问题一致性对道德平衡的调节作用。研究3使用了三种不同的游戏来复制研究2。研究结果表明，在游戏中做出道德行为的玩家也会在一个一致的问题上为慈善机构付出更多的努力。然而，在游戏中表现出道德行为的参与者在不协调的问题上对慈善机构的投入明显减少，这表明了道德许可效应。研究2发现，无论问题的一致性如何，在游戏中做出不道德的行为都可以激励玩家为随后的慈善事业付出更多的努力，但在研究3中没有观察到这种道德净化效果。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanisms for Employee Mobility Between Organizations: A Network Analysis of Faculty Turnover in Communication, 2013 to 2022 组织间员工流动机制:2013 - 2022年沟通中教师离职的网络分析

IF 6.2 1区文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Communication Research

Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.1177/00936502231190950

Yu Xu

Organizations compete for scarce resources such as talent. The mobility of employees between organizations means that the inflow side acquires resources at the expense of the outflow side. This study understands employee turnover from one place to another as a mobility network where directed edges indicate migration flows between organizations. Using observational data on the turnover of tenure-line communication faculty in 129 U.S. universities from 2013 to 2022, this paper investigates the formation mechanisms of the interorganizational mobility network. The results show that the creation of migration flows is driven by transitive closure, but not by cyclic closure. Community cohesion is not a driving force of network formation. While low-prestige universities are more likely to be sources of faculty mobility than high-prestige universities, migration flows are commonly observed between organizations with similar levels of prestige. Additionally, the probability of faculty mobility between universities first decreases and then increases with their geographic distance.

组织争夺人才等稀缺资源。员工在组织之间的流动意味着流入方以牺牲流出方为代价获取资源。这项研究将员工从一个地方到另一个地方的流动理解为一个流动网络，其中有向边缘表示组织之间的流动。本文利用2013年至2022年美国129所大学终身制沟通教师流动的观测数据，研究了组织间流动网络的形成机制。结果表明，迁移流的生成是由传递闭包驱动的，而不是由循环闭包驱动的。社区凝聚力不是网络形成的驱动力。虽然低声望大学比高声望大学更有可能成为教师流动的来源，但在声望水平相似的组织之间通常会观察到流动。此外，教师在大学之间流动的概率随着地理距离的增加先降低后增加。

引用次数: 0

Examining the Diffusion of Innovations from a Dynamic, Differential-Effects Perspective: A Longitudinal Study on AI Adoption Among Employees 从动态、差异效应的角度审视创新的扩散:对员工采用人工智能的纵向研究

IF 6.2 1区文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Communication Research

Pub Date : 2023-08-15 DOI: 10.1177/00936502231191832

Shan Xu, Kerk F. Kee, Wenbo Li, Masahiro Yamamoto, Rachel E. Riggs

This study extends the diffusion of innovations theory by considering the threat of technology and examining the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in the workplace over time from a dynamic, differential-effects perspective. Findings from a three-wave survey study reveal an association between the threat of AI (i.e., job security concerns) and increasingly negative attitudes toward AI adoption among employees over time. Relative advantage, compatibility, and observability correlated with more positive attitudes, whereas ease of use and trialability showed no significant association. In testing the differential effects on attitudes toward AI adoption among different groups of potential adopters, we found that trialability positively influenced attitudes only among employees who held a positive attitude previously. Observability and the threat of AI, however, were more influential among employees who held a negative attitude previously. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

本研究通过考虑技术的威胁，并从动态、差异效应的角度考察人工智能在工作场所的应用，扩展了创新传播理论。一项三波调查研究的结果显示，随着时间的推移，人工智能的威胁（即工作安全问题）与员工对人工智能采用越来越消极的态度之间存在关联。相对优势、兼容性和可观察性与更积极的态度相关，而易用性和可试验性没有显著关联。在测试不同潜在采用者群体对人工智能采用态度的不同影响时，我们发现，试验性只对以前持积极态度的员工的态度产生积极影响。然而，可观察性和人工智能的威胁在之前持负面态度的员工中更具影响力。讨论了理论和实践意义。

引用次数: 0

Longitudinal Relations Between Heterosexual Adolescents’ Perceived Exposure to Sex-Positive Television Messages and Their Supportive Attitudes and Behaviors Toward the LGBTQ+ Community 异性恋青少年对性正面电视信息的感知暴露与他们对LGBTQ+社区的支持态度和行为之间的纵向关系

IF 6.2 1区文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION

Communication Research

Pub Date : 2023-08-10 DOI: 10.1177/00936502231191830

Chelly Maes, Laura Vandenbosch

The literature on heterosexual adolescents’ television viewing and its over-time impact on attitudes and behaviors regarding LGBTQ+ is limited. The current study aims to fill this gap in the literature by using three-wave data from 338 heterosexual adolescents ( Mage = 15.29, SD = 1.48, 68.6% girls). We explored relations between adolescents’ perceived exposure to sex-positive television messages, their respectful approach to different sexual expressions, and their endorsement of supportive behavior regarding LGBTQ+. A Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model (RI-CLPM) showed that, at a between-person level, perceived exposure to sex-positive television messages was related to the endorsement of supportive behavior regarding LGBTQ+. Yet, results revealed that an increased perceived exposure to sex-positive television messages was not associated with respectful approach to different sexual expressions and endorsement of supportive behavior regarding LGBTQ+ at the individual level. No sex or traditional gender role orientation differences were found. Our findings hopefully encourage sexual media research to further distinguish between-and within-person relations and to consider potential testing effects that mask true within-person change.

关于异性恋青少年观看电视及其对LGBTQ+态度和行为的长期影响的文献是有限的。目前的研究旨在通过使用338名异性恋青少年的三波数据来填补文献中的这一空白（Mage = 15.29，标准差 = 女孩占68.6%）。我们探讨了青少年对性正面电视信息的感知暴露、他们对不同性表达的尊重态度以及他们对LGBTQ+支持行为的认可之间的关系。随机拦截交叉滞后面板模型（RI-CLPM）显示，在人与人之间的水平上，对性正面电视信息的感知暴露与对LGBTQ+支持行为的认可有关。然而，研究结果显示，对性正面电视信息的感知暴露增加与对不同性表达的尊重态度以及在个人层面对LGBTQ+支持行为的认可无关。没有发现性别或传统性别角色取向的差异。我们的发现有望鼓励性媒体研究进一步区分人与人之间的关系，并考虑潜在的测试效果，以掩盖真正的人与人的变化。

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