Pub Date : 2025-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.07.005
Benjamin Vogel, Breschine Cummins, Ian Laga
The Network Scale-up Method (NSUM) estimates the size of hard-to-reach populations using survey data on individuals’ social networks. Existing NSUM models incorporate correlation across groups in the responses. We propose a generalized model that improves NSUM accuracy by addressing data censoring and accounting for the relationship between social network size and the likelihood of knowing individuals in different groups. Correlations are directly estimable from NSUM survey data, and simulations show that subpopulation estimates are biased when censoring and correlations are ignored. We analyze two data sets, yielding both population size estimates and novel insights into social network structures in these communities.
{"title":"Accounting for correlation and censoring in Bayesian Network Scale-up Method Models","authors":"Benjamin Vogel, Breschine Cummins, Ian Laga","doi":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Network Scale-up Method (NSUM) estimates the size of hard-to-reach populations using survey data on individuals’ social networks. Existing NSUM models incorporate correlation across groups in the responses. We propose a generalized model that improves NSUM accuracy by addressing data censoring and accounting for the relationship between social network size and the likelihood of knowing individuals in different groups. Correlations are directly estimable from NSUM survey data, and simulations show that subpopulation estimates are biased when censoring and correlations are ignored. We analyze two data sets, yielding both population size estimates and novel insights into social network structures in these communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48353,"journal":{"name":"Social Networks","volume":"84 ","pages":"Pages 101-109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-24DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.07.001
Oscar Stuhler
Network analysis aspires to be “anticategorical,” yet its basic units—relationships—are, usually readily categorized entities with labels like “friendship,” “love,” or “patronage.” In, this way, a nontrivial cultural typification underlies the very building blocks of most network analyses. Despite work showing that a specific “type of tie” often stands in for quite heterogeneous empirical phenomena, this typification is seldom challenged in research practice. This article expands on recent efforts to more adequately theorize ties by further developing and arguing for the concept of relationship frames—cultural models that stabilize relational expectations. I suggest that such frames are rooted in regularities in the duality of dyad and content. Building on this idea, I develop a formal notion of frame ambiguity—the extent to which the actions and symbols designating a relationship index a variety of frames rather than just one. Putting these ideas to analytical use, I inductively identify relationship frames from the content of 1.2 million relationships between characters in fiction writing. I conclude with an exploratory investigation of some of the conditions under which ties in fiction writing display variation in frame ambiguity.
{"title":"The cultural construction of personal relationships","authors":"Oscar Stuhler","doi":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Network analysis aspires to be “anticategorical,” yet its basic units—relationships—are, usually readily categorized entities with labels like “friendship,” “love,” or “patronage.” In, this way, a nontrivial cultural typification underlies the very building blocks of most network analyses. Despite work showing that a specific “type of tie” often stands in for quite heterogeneous empirical phenomena, this typification is seldom challenged in research practice. This article expands on recent efforts to more adequately theorize ties by further developing and arguing for the concept of relationship frames—cultural models that stabilize relational expectations. I suggest that such frames are rooted in regularities in the duality of dyad and content. Building on this idea, I develop a formal notion of frame ambiguity—the extent to which the actions and symbols designating a relationship index a variety of frames rather than just one. Putting these ideas to analytical use, I inductively identify relationship frames from the content of 1.2 million relationships between characters in fiction writing. I conclude with an exploratory investigation of some of the conditions under which ties in fiction writing display variation in frame ambiguity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48353,"journal":{"name":"Social Networks","volume":"83 ","pages":"Pages 199-214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-24DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.07.003
Giuseppe Soda , Alessandro Iorio , Leonardo Rizzo
This study brings a network perspective to papal elections by mapping the relational architecture of the College of Cardinals. Using publicly available data sources, such as official Vatican directories and episcopal consecration records, we assemble a multiplex network that captures cardinals’ co-membership in various collegial bodies of the Vatican and their consecration ties. We then calculate structural metrics to capture three key mechanisms that we suggest have a crucial role in the dynamics of the conclave: status, mediation power, and coalition building. Our descriptive study—publicly released prior to the May 8, 2025 election of Pope Leo XIV—shows that Cardinal Robert F. Prevost, largely ignored by pundits, bookmakers, and AI models, held a uniquely advantageous position in the Vatican network, by virtue of being central in multiple respects. Thus, although being considered an underdog by many, the network perspective suggests that Cardinal Prevost was de facto one of the strongest “papabile.”
本研究通过绘制枢机团的关系架构，将网络视角引入教宗选举。使用公开可用的数据源，例如梵蒂冈官方目录和主教祝圣记录，我们组装了一个多路网络，该网络捕获了梵蒂冈各种共同机构中的枢机主教及其祝圣关系。然后，我们计算结构指标，以捕捉我们认为在秘密会议动态中起关键作用的三个关键机制：地位、调解权力和联盟建设。我们的描述性研究——在2025年5月8日教皇利奥十四当选之前公开发布——表明红衣主教罗伯特·f·普雷沃斯特（Robert F. Prevost）在很大程度上被权威人士、博彩公司和人工智能模型所忽视，但由于在多个方面处于中心地位，他在梵蒂冈网络中占据着独特的优势地位。因此，尽管被许多人认为是弱者，但从网络的角度来看，红衣主教普雷沃斯特实际上是最强大的“papabile”之一。
{"title":"In the network of the conclave: Social connections and the making of a pope","authors":"Giuseppe Soda , Alessandro Iorio , Leonardo Rizzo","doi":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study brings a network perspective to papal elections by mapping the relational architecture of the College of Cardinals. Using publicly available data sources, such as official Vatican directories and episcopal consecration records, we assemble a multiplex network that captures cardinals’ co-membership in various collegial bodies of the Vatican and their consecration ties. We then calculate structural metrics to capture three key mechanisms that we suggest have a crucial role in the dynamics of the conclave: status, mediation power, and coalition building. Our descriptive study—publicly released prior to the May 8, 2025 election of Pope Leo XIV—shows that Cardinal Robert F. Prevost, largely ignored by pundits, bookmakers, and AI models, held a uniquely advantageous position in the Vatican network, by virtue of being central in multiple respects. Thus, although being considered an underdog by many, the network perspective suggests that Cardinal Prevost was de facto one of the strongest “papabile.”</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48353,"journal":{"name":"Social Networks","volume":"83 ","pages":"Pages 215-232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-11DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.07.002
Annabell Schüßler , Jan A. Fuhse
The article formulates an important extension of the concept of duality for network research: the duality of network ties and attributes. We transfer Breiger’s notion of the duality of cases and their attributes to network data to argue: dyads are defined by their attributes, including various kinds of relationship practices, individual traits, and combinations of traits. Conversely, the meaning of relationship practices is defined by the dyads displaying them, and by implication, by their other attributes. We illustrate the duality principle with an empirical study of sociometric nominations among 161 six-graders in eight German secondary school classes to examine: How do different kinds of ties – interpersonal relations and interest in collaborations in mathematics and physical education – relate to each other? What kinds of ties form between what kinds of school children? And how do one-sided nominations for friendship and sympathy differ from reciprocated ones? Since we do not expect monocausal relations, we conduct multiple correspondence analysis with directed ego-alter dyads as cases to explore these interrelations visually. In our analyses, school children want to collaborate with friends, and not with disliked peers. Affective ties like sympathy and friendships are chiefly same-gender and form around foci-of-activity like the neighborhood. Interest in collaborations in sports and mathematics is closely associated with interpersonal ties, but also with school grades and attributed capability in the respective subjects. Finally, one-sided nominations for friendship and sympathy indicate interpersonal ties that are weaker and less multiplex.
{"title":"The duality of network ties and attributes","authors":"Annabell Schüßler , Jan A. Fuhse","doi":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The article formulates an important extension of the concept of duality for network research: the duality of network ties and attributes. We transfer Breiger’s notion of the duality of cases and their attributes to network data to argue: dyads are defined by their attributes, including various kinds of relationship practices, individual traits, and combinations of traits. Conversely, the meaning of relationship practices is defined by the dyads displaying them, and by implication, by their other attributes. We illustrate the duality principle with an empirical study of sociometric nominations among 161 six-graders in eight German secondary school classes to examine: How do different kinds of ties – interpersonal relations and interest in collaborations in mathematics and physical education – relate to each other? What kinds of ties form between what kinds of school children? And how do one-sided nominations for friendship and sympathy differ from reciprocated ones? Since we do not expect monocausal relations, we conduct multiple correspondence analysis with directed ego-alter dyads as cases to explore these interrelations visually. In our analyses, school children want to collaborate with friends, and not with disliked peers. Affective ties like sympathy and friendships are chiefly same-gender and form around foci-of-activity like the neighborhood. Interest in collaborations in sports and mathematics is closely associated with interpersonal ties, but also with school grades and attributed capability in the respective subjects. Finally, one-sided nominations for friendship and sympathy indicate interpersonal ties that are weaker and less multiplex.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48353,"journal":{"name":"Social Networks","volume":"83 ","pages":"Pages 186-198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-27DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.05.007
Beate Völker , Bas Hofstra , Rense Corten , Frank van Tubergen
This study advances the understanding of the size and homogeneity of personal networks, focusing on extended networks that encompass both core discussion ties and the broader array of acquaintances. While previous research has primarily examined these dimensions within small, strong-tie networks, knowledge about extended networks remains limited. Using data from the Dutch Network Size Survey (2021), a representative survey of the Dutch adult population, this study provides novel insights into the size, gender, and educational homogeneity of extended networks, as well as individual variation across these dimensions. Employing the Network Scale-Up Method (NSUM) with an extensive set of scale-up items, we find a median extended network size of 446 and a mean size of 518. Substantial variation exists across individuals, with larger networks associated with being employed, having more household members, being younger, possessing greater resources (e.g., income, wealth), and attaining higher levels of education. Additionally, our findings reveal significant gender and educational segregation within extended networks. These results shed light on the structure of extended networks and highlight the social stratification of network size and homogeneity.
{"title":"Who’s in your extended network? Analysing the size and homogeneity of acquaintanceship networks in the Netherlands","authors":"Beate Völker , Bas Hofstra , Rense Corten , Frank van Tubergen","doi":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study advances the understanding of the size and homogeneity of personal networks, focusing on extended networks that encompass both core discussion ties and the broader array of acquaintances. While previous research has primarily examined these dimensions within small, strong-tie networks, knowledge about extended networks remains limited. Using data from the Dutch Network Size Survey (2021), a representative survey of the Dutch adult population, this study provides novel insights into the size, gender, and educational homogeneity of extended networks, as well as individual variation across these dimensions. Employing the Network Scale-Up Method (NSUM) with an extensive set of scale-up items, we find a median extended network size of 446 and a mean size of 518. Substantial variation exists across individuals, with larger networks associated with being employed, having more household members, being younger, possessing greater resources (e.g., income, wealth), and attaining higher levels of education. Additionally, our findings reveal significant gender and educational segregation within extended networks. These results shed light on the structure of extended networks and highlight the social stratification of network size and homogeneity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48353,"journal":{"name":"Social Networks","volume":"83 ","pages":"Pages 173-185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-26DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.05.001
Alvaro Uzaheta , Viviana Amati , Christoph Stadtfeld
Individuals use online social media platforms for social interaction and to create, consume and share creative content. Within large platforms, individuals’ interaction with content and the congregation of individuals sharing similar interests might have a dual relationship, leading to the emergence of focused content niches of specific individuals and types of content. These niches are smaller-scale social settings that may facilitate and structure interpersonal social interaction. This study introduces a novel two-step analytical framework to explore the influence of content niche affiliation on interaction patterns. In the first step, we employ Stochastic Block Models (SBMs) to analyze a two-mode network comprising content pieces and user-generated keywords assigned to them. This analysis uncovers distinct content niches where users can engage with one another. In the second step, We integrate these identified niches as independent variables within a Dynamic Network Actor Model (DyNAM) to investigate whether time-stamped user interaction dynamics are associated with these content niches. We illustrate the framework’s applicability through a case study of an online community catering to aspiring and professional designers, revealing the relationship between content niche affiliation and social interactions.
{"title":"Modeling the duality of content niches and user interactions on online social media platforms","authors":"Alvaro Uzaheta , Viviana Amati , Christoph Stadtfeld","doi":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Individuals use online social media platforms for social interaction and to create, consume and share creative content. Within large platforms, individuals’ interaction with content and the congregation of individuals sharing similar interests might have a dual relationship, leading to the emergence of focused content niches of specific individuals and types of content. These niches are smaller-scale social settings that may facilitate and structure interpersonal social interaction. This study introduces a novel two-step analytical framework to explore the influence of content niche affiliation on interaction patterns. In the first step, we employ Stochastic Block Models (SBMs) to analyze a two-mode network comprising content pieces and user-generated keywords assigned to them. This analysis uncovers distinct content niches where users can engage with one another. In the second step, We integrate these identified niches as independent variables within a Dynamic Network Actor Model (DyNAM) to investigate whether time-stamped user interaction dynamics are associated with these content niches. We illustrate the framework’s applicability through a case study of an online community catering to aspiring and professional designers, revealing the relationship between content niche affiliation and social interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48353,"journal":{"name":"Social Networks","volume":"83 ","pages":"Pages 152-172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-25DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.06.001
Omar Lizardo
This paper reconsiders the status of Correspondence Analysis (CA) as a tool for analyzing two-mode networks, comparing it with the Bonacich dual centrality approach and revealing the mathematical linkages between them as eigenvector-based methods. While Bonacich centrality identifies core–periphery structures and is helpful for clustering nodes based on the criterion of similarity via structural equivalence, CA is best at detecting subsets of actors and events based on a generalized relational similarity criterion, thus coming closer to clustering via regular equivalence. Ultimately, both CA and Bonacich centrality prove to be valuable yet distinct strategies for the dual projection analysis of two-mode networks, highlighting the duality between actors and events.
{"title":"The Correspondence Analysis of two-mode networks revisited","authors":"Omar Lizardo","doi":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper reconsiders the status of Correspondence Analysis (CA) as a tool for analyzing two-mode networks, comparing it with the Bonacich dual centrality approach and revealing the mathematical linkages between them as eigenvector-based methods. While Bonacich centrality identifies core–periphery structures and is helpful for clustering nodes based on the criterion of similarity via structural equivalence, CA is best at detecting subsets of actors and events based on a generalized relational similarity criterion, thus coming closer to clustering via regular equivalence. Ultimately, both CA and Bonacich centrality prove to be valuable yet distinct strategies for the dual projection analysis of two-mode networks, highlighting the duality between actors and events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48353,"journal":{"name":"Social Networks","volume":"83 ","pages":"Pages 134-151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-24DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.05.002
Selena M. Livas , Dexter H. Locke , Nancy F. Sonti
Who are the groups stewarding the environment within local communities, where do they work, and who do they work with? The Stewardship Mapping and Assessment Project (STEW-MAP) survey has cataloged and mapped environmental stewardship groups in dozens of cities within the US and worldwide. The survey collects relational, network ties among respondents and their collaborators. In this study, we focus on the 2019 Baltimore, Maryland survey to better understand the relationships among environmental stewardship organizations across the city. We utilize exponential random graph models (ERGMs) to explore the factors that predict the formation of three distinct types of ties: collaboration, resource sharing, and knowledge sharing. The networks include 1,201 nodes with 2,884 total ties among them. Our results show that the network structure of each tie type is unique, but there is a shared tendency for degree distributions to be positively skewed, indicating the presence of many lower degree nodes. We also find that the main focus of these organizations and the organization type create substantial variation in their behavior; with some groups siloed, and others underutilized, one set of groups has managed to permeate all three networks: stormwater-focused groups. This study is the first to analyze this specific dataset and one of the few to use network models to analyze data collected through the STEW-MAP project. This work helps us understand the social forces shaping Baltimore’s stewardship network, while pointing to ways in which practitioners could potentially expand their reach. Overall, this work helps broaden our understanding of local environmental cooperation within a modern urban context.
{"title":"Urban environmental stewardship networks: How organizations collaborate, share resources, and exchange knowledge within Baltimore, Maryland","authors":"Selena M. Livas , Dexter H. Locke , Nancy F. Sonti","doi":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Who are the groups stewarding the environment within local communities, where do they work, and who do they work with? The Stewardship Mapping and Assessment Project (STEW-MAP) survey has cataloged and mapped environmental stewardship groups in dozens of cities within the US and worldwide. The survey collects relational, network ties among respondents and their collaborators. In this study, we focus on the 2019 Baltimore, Maryland survey to better understand the relationships among environmental stewardship organizations across the city. We utilize exponential random graph models (ERGMs) to explore the factors that predict the formation of three distinct types of ties: collaboration, resource sharing, and knowledge sharing. The networks include 1,201 nodes with 2,884 total ties among them. Our results show that the network structure of each tie type is unique, but there is a shared tendency for degree distributions to be positively skewed, indicating the presence of many lower degree nodes. We also find that the main focus of these organizations and the organization type create substantial variation in their behavior; with some groups siloed, and others underutilized, one set of groups has managed to permeate all three networks: stormwater-focused groups. This study is the first to analyze this specific dataset and one of the few to use network models to analyze data collected through the STEW-MAP project. This work helps us understand the social forces shaping Baltimore’s stewardship network, while pointing to ways in which practitioners could potentially expand their reach. Overall, this work helps broaden our understanding of local environmental cooperation within a modern urban context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48353,"journal":{"name":"Social Networks","volume":"83 ","pages":"Pages 105-119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-24DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.05.003
Sarah J. Gordon , Wayne E. Baker , Jose Uribe , Cassandra R. Chambers , Bruce A. Desmarais
This study of intraorganizational network dynamics develops a structural approach to the concept of inclusion in organizations. This approach is a complement to the definition of inclusion as a social-psychological response to experiences in a diverse social environment. We analyze networks of interaction over time in a large population of students and evaluate the extent to which two interventions—working in teams and using a social networking service (SNS)—grew and diversified their social capital. Using network data collected before and after 518 undergraduate students worked in 96 teams and participated in the SNS, we analyze the formation of new bridging social capital (ties between demographically dissimilar people) and new bonding social capital (ties between demographically similar people). Team membership had a large effect on social capital, creating positive bonding ties and bridging ties. But teams also created negative ties. The SNS facilitated tie formation but did not create negative ties. Together, the two interventions expanded networks and shifted the balance of ties in favor of bridging ties, producing a more structurally inclusive network. Our study demonstrates how intentional practices can be used to improve network inclusivity, as well as the value of viewing diversity and inclusion through the lens of intraorganizational network dynamics.
{"title":"Networks of inclusion: Using teams and technology to create diverse social capital","authors":"Sarah J. Gordon , Wayne E. Baker , Jose Uribe , Cassandra R. Chambers , Bruce A. Desmarais","doi":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study of intraorganizational network dynamics develops a structural approach to the concept of inclusion in organizations. This approach is a complement to the definition of inclusion as a social-psychological response to experiences in a diverse social environment. We analyze networks of interaction over time in a large population of students and evaluate the extent to which two interventions—working in teams and using a social networking service (SNS)—grew and diversified their social capital. Using network data collected before and after 518 undergraduate students worked in 96 teams and participated in the SNS, we analyze the formation of new bridging social capital (ties between demographically dissimilar people) and new bonding social capital (ties between demographically similar people). Team membership had a large effect on social capital, creating positive bonding ties and bridging ties. But teams also created negative ties. The SNS facilitated tie formation but did not create negative ties. Together, the two interventions expanded networks and shifted the balance of ties in favor of bridging ties, producing a more structurally inclusive network. Our study demonstrates how intentional practices can be used to improve network inclusivity, as well as the value of viewing diversity and inclusion through the lens of intraorganizational network dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48353,"journal":{"name":"Social Networks","volume":"83 ","pages":"Pages 120-133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-21DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.05.008
Tom A.B. Snijders , Beata Łopaciuk-Gonczaryk
Three extensions of the Stochastic Actor-oriented Model for two-mode networks are proposed. The first represents tie changes based on agency for both node sets. The second is a model for selection and influence in co-evolution of two two-mode networks, where the first is a membership network which serves to represent connections between groups making choices of activities in the second network. The third consists of new effects for categorical nodal covariates, representing the heterogeneity between nodes that often occurs in two-mode networks. As an illustration, selection and influence processes are studied in the co-evolution of the director interlock network of a set of 141 large European companies and the two-mode network of environmental policies of these companies, for the period from 2018 to 2022. Similarity between environmental policies is expressed in two ways: endorsing the same policy items, and correlation between the number of items endorsed. The findings show that declared pro-environmental practices spread through directorate interlocks and directors’ selection is based on peer referral.
{"title":"Double agency and co-evolution for two-mode networks, with an application to corporate interlocks and firms’ environmental performance","authors":"Tom A.B. Snijders , Beata Łopaciuk-Gonczaryk","doi":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three extensions of the Stochastic Actor-oriented Model for two-mode networks are proposed. The first represents tie changes based on agency for both node sets. The second is a model for selection and influence in co-evolution of two two-mode networks, where the first is a membership network which serves to represent connections between groups making choices of activities in the second network. The third consists of new effects for categorical nodal covariates, representing the heterogeneity between nodes that often occurs in two-mode networks. As an illustration, selection and influence processes are studied in the co-evolution of the director interlock network of a set of 141 large European companies and the two-mode network of environmental policies of these companies, for the period from 2018 to 2022. Similarity between environmental policies is expressed in two ways: endorsing the same policy items, and correlation between the number of items endorsed. The findings show that declared pro-environmental practices spread through directorate interlocks and directors’ selection is based on peer referral.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48353,"journal":{"name":"Social Networks","volume":"83 ","pages":"Pages 92-104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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