Social Networks最新文献_第6页

Deviations from cultural consensus about occupations: The duality of occupation meanings and Americans’ meaning communities 关于职业的文化共识的偏差：职业意义和美国人意义社区的双重性

IF 2.9 2区社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Social Networks

Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.04.003

Aidan Combs , Gabriel Varela , Dawn T. Robinson , Lynn Smith-Lovin , Stephen Vaisey

We examine ratings of 642 occupations by a national online sample of U.S respondents in 2019 (Freeland et al., 2020). We analyze the respondents’ ratings of occupations on three dimensions of cultural meaning—evaluation (good versus bad), potency (powerful versus powerless), and activity (lively versus quiet). We take deviations of respondents’ individual ratings from population evaluation, potency and activity estimates, focusing on deviations from consensus rather than consensus itself. Drawing on Breiger's (1974) work on duality, we examine two projections of the initial rectangular matrix of correlated deviations. Our two projections represent (1) the cultural communities that people form when they differ from consensus in similar ways, and (2) the clusters of occupations that move in similar ways across those subcultures. Correlations among the residuals at the person level are indicators of shared subcultural differences from the mainstream—different ways of meaning-making about what is valuable and worthy about occupational work. At the occupation level, the structure represents schemas for which occupations share common elements and move together when those elements are evaluated differently. We use dyad models to investigate what metrics of occupation similarity predict similarity in deviations from consensus. We find that similarity in affective meaning (evaluation, potency and activity), material requirements, rewards, and work characteristics all predict clustering at the occupation level. Demographic composition of occupations is less important. We find that older respondents, White respondents, and higher income respondents tend to discriminate more between occupations on evaluation and potency. Respondents who are more similar in age have more similar patterns of deviations. However, occupation-level variables are in general much stronger predictors of residual structure than respondent-level variables.

我们研究了2019年美国受访者的全国在线样本对642个职业的评分（Freeland et al., 2020）。我们从文化意义评价（好与坏）、效力（强大与无能）和活动（活跃与安静）三个维度分析受访者对职业的评价。我们从人口评估、效力和活动估计中获取受访者个人评级的偏差，重点关注与共识的偏差，而不是共识本身。借鉴Breiger（1974）关于对偶性的工作，我们研究了相关偏差的初始矩形矩阵的两个投影。我们的两个预测代表了(1)当人们以相似的方式与共识不同时形成的文化社区，以及(2)在这些亚文化中以相似的方式移动的职业集群。在个人层面上，残差之间的相关性是来自主流的共同亚文化差异的指标——不同的意义创造方式，关于职业工作的价值和价值。在职业级别，该结构表示模式，其中职业共享公共元素，当这些元素的评估方式不同时，这些元素会一起移动。我们使用二元模型来研究职业相似度的指标预测一致性偏差的相似度。我们发现情感意义（评价、效力和活动）、物质要求、奖励和工作特征的相似性都预测了职业水平上的聚类。职业的人口构成不那么重要。我们发现，年龄较大的被调查者、白人被调查者和高收入的被调查者更倾向于在评估和效力上对职业进行歧视。年龄越相近的受访者，其偏差模式也越相似。然而，职业水平的变量通常比被调查者水平的变量更能预测剩余结构。

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引用次数: 0

An Optimal Transport approach to model the community structure of the International Trade Network 国际贸易网络群体结构模型的优化运输方法

IF 2.9 2区社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Social Networks

Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.03.008

Rossana Mastrandrea , Paolo Pagnottoni , Nicolò Pecora , Alessandro Spelta

This paper introduces a novel framework to analyze the community structure of the International Trade Network by integrating Optimal Transport theory with a gravity-based null model. Unlike traditional modularity approaches, our method accounts for socio-economic constraints and assesses the extent to which residual heterogeneity shapes the community structure. This allows for a more economically grounded and policy-relevant analysis, enabling scenario simulations of economic shocks, trade disruptions, and policy changes. Empirical results show that while our approach aligns with standard modularity methods in stable periods, it outperforms them during crises, capturing deeper economic and financial dynamics. Notably, our findings reveal that the degree of financial development of countries plays a critical role in shaping the emerging partitions.

将最优运输理论与基于重力的零模型相结合，提出了一种分析国际贸易网络社区结构的新框架。与传统的模块化方法不同，我们的方法考虑了社会经济约束，并评估了剩余异质性对社区结构的影响程度。这样就可以进行更具经济基础和与政策相关的分析，从而实现对经济冲击、贸易中断和政策变化的情景模拟。实证结果表明，虽然我们的方法在稳定时期与标准模块化方法一致，但在危机期间，它的表现优于标准模块化方法，能够捕捉到更深层次的经济和金融动态。值得注意的是，我们的研究结果表明，各国的金融发展程度在形成新兴分区方面起着关键作用。

引用次数: 0

IF 2.9 2区社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Social Networks

Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.02.003

Maurice Bokanga, John Levi Martin

While many recent examinations of the idea of duality build upon it to quantify the similarity of entities in a data matrix, there is a potential avenue for quantifying the diversity of some ensemble, but this has not yet been given attention. We here draw on a robust line of work in mathematical ecology that has developed a family of entropy-related diversity measures, and we explore generalizing them to cases of dual nesting. Combining duality-based thinking with ecological diversity measures helps resolves some inherent ambiguities in the way that social scientists often think about diversity: the same relations that appear to increase diversity in some respects may, from a different perspective, decrease diversity. Such ambiguities can interfere with examining some of the most interesting theories of the effects of development on social life. We illustrate with network data from a sample of residents of 75 Indian villages, also cross-nested in 38 castes (jati).

虽然最近对对偶概念的许多研究都建立在它的基础上，以量化数据矩阵中实体的相似性，但有一种潜在的途径可以量化某些集合的多样性，但这一点尚未得到重视。我们在这里借鉴了数学生态学中一个强有力的工作路线，它已经开发了一系列与熵相关的多样性措施，我们探索将它们推广到双重嵌套的情况。将基于二元性的思维与生态多样性测量相结合，有助于解决社会科学家经常思考多样性的一些固有的模糊性：从不同的角度来看，在某些方面似乎增加了多样性的相同关系可能会减少多样性。这种模糊性可能会干扰对一些最有趣的关于发展对社会生活影响的理论的研究。我们用来自75个印度村庄的居民样本的网络数据来说明，这些村庄也交叉嵌套在38个种姓（贾提）中。

引用次数: 0

Modeling the “who” and “how” of social influence in the adoption of health practices 对采用保健做法时的“谁”和“如何”社会影响进行建模

IF 2.9 2区社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Social Networks

Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.03.006

Neelam Modi , Johan Koskinen , Leslie DeChurch , Noshir Contractor

Family planning is heralded as one of the ten most significant contemporary public health achievements, yet it remains underutilized in countries, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, that might most benefit from it. While substantial strides have been made to address supply-side barriers to modern contraceptive (MC) adoption in these regions, demand-side obstacles like personal or partner opposition are less understood. This study investigates the role of social influence in shaping MC demand in communities with low modern Contraceptive Prevalence Rates (mCPR). Using the Structured Influence Process (SIP) framework, we examine how an individual's social relations and exposure to persuasive messages, either in support of or opposition to MC use, jointly influence their decision to adopt or reject contraceptives. Using survey data from two different Kenyan communities, both exhibiting low mCPR but one relatively higher than the other, we observe that mere exposure to MC users or non-users during free-time interactions is insufficient to sway usage decisions. However, the combination of direct contact with contraceptive users and persuasive messages emerges as a potent force of influence. In the lower mCPR community, only a few types of persuasive messages are circulated, and they are all consistently influential in either encouraging or discouraging MC use. These messages primarily appeal to individuals’ desire to do what is “right” by emphasizing social validation and deference to trusted authorities, or their desire to do what is “liked” by reinforcing interpersonal bonds and reciprocal obligations. In the higher mCPR community, a broader range of persuasive messages effectively promote MC use; however, only those invoking social shame effectively discourage it. These findings highlight a crucial distinction between “prevalent vs. persuasive” messaging: While many persuasive messages may be prevalent (i.e., used often), only a subset are also persuasive. Recognizing which messages are merely pervasive versus those that are genuinely effective is vital for efficiently allocating resources to promote or counter MC use narratives. Leveraging research across network science and persuasion, this study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of how social influence shapes contraceptive decision-making.

计划生育被誉为当代十大最重要的公共卫生成就之一，但在可能从中受益最多的国家，特别是撒哈拉以南非洲国家，计划生育仍未得到充分利用。虽然在解决这些地区采用现代避孕药具的供应方障碍方面取得了实质性进展，但个人或伴侣反对等需求方障碍却鲜为人知。本研究探讨了社会影响在塑造低现代避孕流行率（mCPR）社区的MC需求中的作用。使用结构化影响过程（SIP）框架，我们研究了个人的社会关系和接触有说服力的信息（无论是支持还是反对MC使用）如何共同影响他们采用或拒绝避孕药具的决定。使用来自两个不同肯尼亚社区的调查数据，两者都表现出较低的mCPR，但一个相对高于另一个，我们观察到，仅仅在空闲时间互动时接触MC用户或非用户不足以影响使用决策。然而，与避孕药具使用者的直接接触和有说服力的信息相结合，成为一种强有力的影响力。在mCPR较低的社区中，只有少数类型的说服性信息被传播，它们在鼓励或阻止使用mCPR方面都具有一致的影响力。这些信息主要是通过强调社会认可和对可信权威的尊重来吸引个人做“正确”的事情的愿望，或者通过加强人际关系和互惠义务来吸引个人做“喜欢”的事情的愿望。在高mCPR群体中，更广泛的说服性信息有效地促进了mCPR的使用；然而，只有那些唤起社会羞耻感的人才能有效地阻止这种行为。这些发现强调了“流行与有说服力”信息之间的关键区别：虽然许多有说服力的信息可能很流行（即经常使用），但只有一小部分是有说服力的。识别哪些信息仅仅是普遍的，哪些是真正有效的，对于有效分配资源以促进或反对MC使用叙述至关重要。利用网络科学和说服的研究，本研究有助于更全面地了解社会影响如何影响避孕决策。

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引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal analysis of the dynamic evolution and driving factors of trade networks in the Belt and Road countries “一带一路”沿线国家贸易网络动态演化及驱动因素时空分析

IF 2.9 2区社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Social Networks

Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.03.005

Xingxuan Zhuo , Liuqing Lin , Jiefan Lian

As the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) continues to advance, trade networks among BRI countries have evolved significantly. Understanding development patterns within these trade networks is crucial for promoting further growth. This study adopts a spatiotemporal perspective to analyze the dynamic evolution and driving factors of trade networks among BRI countries, utilizing the Separable Temporal Exponential Random Graph Model (STERGM) and a change point detection model. These methods assess the impact of endogenous structural variables, exogenous edge-level covariates, and exogenous nodal variables on the formation and dissolution of trade networks, as well as on stage-specific changes within these networks. The findings reveal that: (1) around 2017, the trade networks underwent a significant shift, with high-trade-value relationships growing faster than low-trade-value ones, and the networks have a small-world character. (2) China, Turkey, India, and Russia hold central positions in the trade networks, functioning as “bridges” and “hubs”; the prominence of Poland, the Czech Republic, and Ukraine has increased, while Thailand and United Arab Emirates have seen a relative decline; (3) geographical proximity, bilateral investment treaties, and shared legal origins foster trade network development, whereas exchange rate volatility and political distance have a negative impact. Countries with high urbanization, large populations, and strong economies are more likely to form trade relations. And these effects on the formation and maintenance of trade relations changed significantly before and after 2017. Therefore, while enhancing their own economic and social development, BRI countries should work to strengthen trade relations by bridging political differences and establishing trade agreements.

随着 "一带一路 "倡议（BRI）的不断推进，"一带一路 "国家之间的贸易网络也发生了显著变化。了解这些贸易网络的发展模式对于促进进一步发展至关重要。本研究采用时空视角，利用可分离时空指数随机图模型（STERGM）和变化点检测模型，分析金砖国家间贸易网络的动态演化和驱动因素。这些方法评估了内生结构变量、外生边缘级协变量和外生节点变量对贸易网络形成和解体的影响，以及对这些网络内部特定阶段变化的影响。研究结果表明(1）2017 年前后，贸易网络发生了显著变化，高贸易价值关系的增长速度快于低贸易价值关系的增长速度，网络具有小世界特征。(2）中国、土耳其、印度和俄罗斯在贸易网络中占据核心地位，发挥着 "桥梁 "和 "枢纽 "的作用；波兰、捷克和乌克兰的地位有所上升，而泰国和阿联酋的地位相对下降；（3）地理位置接近、双边投资条约和共同的法律渊源促进了贸易网络的发展，而汇率波动和政治距离则产生了负面影响。城市化程度高、人口众多、经济实力雄厚的国家更有可能形成贸易关系。而这些对贸易关系形成和维持的影响在2017年前后发生了显著变化。因此，金砖国家在加强自身经济和社会发展的同时，应努力通过弥合政治分歧和建立贸易协定来加强贸易关系。

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引用次数: 0

Podcasts in the periphery: Tracing guest trajectories in political podcasts 外围播客：追踪政治播客中的嘉宾轨迹

IF 2.9 2区社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Social Networks

Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.03.003

Sydney A. DeMets, Emma S. Spiro

Social networks structure the flow of political information that is critical for civic participation and individual decision making, simultaneously opening and constraining the diffusion of ideas and information. Understanding the current information landscape is pressing given the current salience of false and misleading information. Given the growing prominence of podcasts within the information ecosystem, and the high levels of trust that podcasters enjoy from listeners, it is critical to better understand the role this medium plays in political communication. In this paper, we construct a bipartite network of podcasts and their invited guests. We then generate a network of paths that guests take as they move from one podcast to the next using entailment analysis, and evaluate if guests are typically invited to speak on less prominent shows first, before moving on to more prominent shows. This dynamic has several parallels to Centola’s power of the periphery hypothesis, complimented by the idea that guests may visit progressively more prominent podcasts as they themselves become more visible. We also find that shows aiming to feature a politically diverse set of guests on their own shows play an outsize role in brokering the movement of guests between liberal and conservative shows, although this cross-boundary brokerage has equivocal outcomes.

社会网络构建了政治信息的流动，这对公民参与和个人决策至关重要，同时也开放和限制了思想和信息的传播。鉴于当前虚假和误导性信息的突出性，理解当前的信息景观是紧迫的。鉴于播客在信息生态系统中日益突出，以及听众对播客的高度信任，更好地理解这种媒介在政治传播中所起的作用至关重要。在本文中，我们构建了一个播客及其邀请嘉宾的二部网络。然后，我们使用蕴涵分析，生成一个嘉宾从一个播客转到下一个播客的路径网络，并评估嘉宾是否首先被邀请在不太突出的节目上发言，然后再转到更突出的节目上。这种动态与森托拉的外围假说的力量有几个相似之处，他补充说，随着客人们自己变得越来越显眼，他们可能会逐渐访问更著名的播客。我们还发现，旨在在自己的节目中展示政治多元化嘉宾的节目，在促成嘉宾在自由派和保守派节目之间的流动方面发挥了巨大的作用，尽管这种跨界中介的结果模棱两可。

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引用次数: 0

Differences in perceived social connection help explain SES-based gaps in well-being 感知社会联系的差异有助于解释基于ses的幸福感差距

IF 2.9 2区社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Social Networks

Pub Date : 2025-03-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.03.004

Wicia M. Fang , Andrea Courtney , Matthew O. Jackson , Jamil Zaki

Low socioeconomic status (SES) undergraduates are often worse off in well-being than high-SES peers. These “well-being gaps” lessen when low-SES students self-report being socially connected; however, one’s perception of their own connectedness in a network differs from external proxies. Within a network of 785 undergraduates, we examine two social network measures of connection—self-reported number of friends (outdegree) and number of undergraduate peers who reported them as a friend (indegree). Low- (vs. high-) SES students have a lower outdegree yet have a similar indegree. Critically, low-SES students who report a lower outdegree are also poorer in well-being, even when controlling for indegree, though the effect is small. This work underlines the perception of connection.

社会经济地位低的大学生往往比社会经济地位高的同龄人的幸福感更差。当社会经济地位低的学生自我报告有社会联系时，这些“幸福感差距”会减少；然而，一个人对自己在网络中的连通性的感知不同于外部代理。在一个由785名本科生组成的网络中，我们研究了两种社会网络连接的测量方法——自我报告的朋友数量（学历）和报告他们是朋友的本科生同伴数量（学历）。低（与高）社会经济地位的学生有较低的学历，但有相似的程度。至关重要的是，即使在控制程度的情况下，报告学历较低的低社会经济地位学生的幸福感也较差，尽管影响很小。这项工作强调了联系的感知。

引用次数: 0

Identifying stages in the lifespan of dynamic groups 确定动态群体生命周期的各个阶段

IF 2.9 2区社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Social Networks

Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.03.002

Raji Ghawi, Jürgen Pfeffer

Dynamic groups, characterized by their evolving memberships, present unique challenges in understanding group behavior and performance. Traditional models often overlook the fluidity of group composition, focusing instead on static memberships. In this paper, we introduce a comprehensive framework to empirically measure and analyze changes in group composition over time, offering new insights into group dynamics. We propose key metrics, including Growth Rate, Churn, and Revitalization, that quantify the movement of members in and out of groups. Further, we define distinct stages of group development, such as organic growth, dynamic growth, fluid stability, and erosion, which capture the evolving nature of group composition. A data-driven method is presented to systematically identify these stages across a group’s lifespan. As a case study, we apply our methodology to a dataset from the massively multiplayer online game Travian, involving nearly 900 alliances and over 17,000 players, revealing common patterns of group evolution and frequent transitions between growth and decline. Our findings underscore the value of understanding group stages, offering practical implications for managing dynamic groups in various organizational settings.

动态群体的特点是其成员不断演变，在理解群体行为和表现方面提出了独特的挑战。传统模型往往忽略了群体构成的流动性，而是关注静态成员。在本文中，我们引入了一个全面的框架来实证测量和分析群体组成随时间的变化，为群体动力学提供了新的见解。我们提出了关键指标，包括增长率，流失率和振兴，量化成员在群体内外的运动。此外，我们定义了群体发展的不同阶段，如有机生长、动态生长、流体稳定性和侵蚀，这些阶段捕捉了群体组成的演变本质。提出了一种数据驱动的方法来系统地识别群体生命周期中的这些阶段。作为一个案例研究，我们将我们的方法应用于大型多人在线游戏《Travian》的数据集，该数据集涉及近900个联盟和超过17,000名玩家，揭示了群体进化的共同模式以及在增长和衰退之间的频繁转换。我们的研究结果强调了理解群体阶段的价值，为在各种组织环境中管理动态群体提供了实际意义。

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引用次数: 0

Friends forever? Correlates of high school friendship (in)stability from adolescence to young adulthood 永远的朋友？从青春期到青年期高中友谊（不）稳定的相关因素

IF 2.9 2区社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Social Networks

Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.02.002

Cassie McMillan , Kaley A. Jones , Wade C. Jacobsen , Nayan G. Ramirez , Mark E. Feinberg

Although friendship instability is common throughout adolescence and young adulthood, experiencing high rates of relational turnover is associated with negative health outcomes and lower educational attainment. Currently, we know little about whether the rates and correlates of friendship instability change during the transition to young adulthood, even though this period is characterized by significant life events such as high school completion. Using new and unique network data from the PROSPER study, we address this gap by following the trajectories of roughly 2000 respondents’ close friendships from the start of high school to one year after graduation. Results suggest that friendship dissolution is frequent after high school, with only 35 % of friendships reported in respondents’ senior years of high school remaining intact one year later. Similar histories of substance use were more impactful in inspiring friendship persistence after high school than during adolescence, while the role of shared sociodemographic characteristics did not vary across developmental periods. After high school, young people were also more likely to maintain friendships with peers who previously reciprocated these relationships and reported friends in common. Our findings underscore how friendship dynamics change at the start of young adulthood in ways that carry implications for behavioral trajectories and life outcomes.

虽然友谊不稳定在青春期和青年期很常见，但经历高比率的关系周转率与负面的健康结果和较低的受教育程度有关。目前，我们对友谊不稳定的比率和相关因素是否会在过渡到青年时期发生变化知之甚少，尽管这一时期的特点是发生重大的生活事件，如高中毕业。利用PROSPER研究中新的独特的网络数据，我们通过跟踪大约2000名受访者从高中开始到毕业后一年的亲密友谊轨迹来解决这一差距。结果表明，高中毕业后友谊的破裂是很常见的，只有35% %的受访者在高中高年级的友谊在一年后保持完整。相似的物质使用史在激发高中后的友谊持久性方面比在青春期更有影响力，而共同的社会人口特征的作用在不同的发展时期没有变化。高中毕业后，年轻人也更有可能与以前也有这种关系的同龄人保持友谊，并报告有共同的朋友。我们的研究结果强调了友谊的动态变化是如何在成年初期以影响行为轨迹和生活结果的方式发生的。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating the dynamics of yakuza violence using multilevel network analysis 利用多层次网络分析调查黑帮暴力的动态

IF 2.9 2区社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Social Networks

Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.03.001

Niles Breuer, Martina Baradel

This paper investigates the structure of the yakuza – the Japanese mafia – and the patterns of violence between local yakuza groups using a novel dataset of yakuza-on-yakuza conflict throughout Japan between 2014 and 2019. We define new multilevel temporal reciprocity measures and apply a multilevel exponential random graph model to investigate the structure of yakuza violence. We find low levels of retaliation and complex ‘cascading’ conflict structures and that yakuza syndicates act as cohesive organizations that can constrain the actions of their member groups. This research contributes to the understanding of the yakuza’s structure and how violent conflict occurs within organized crime groups.

本文利用2014年至2019年日本各地黑帮之间冲突的新数据集，研究了日本黑帮的结构以及当地黑帮之间的暴力模式。我们定义了新的多层时间互易测度，并应用多层指数随机图模型来研究黑帮暴力的结构。我们发现报复程度较低，复杂的“级联”冲突结构，而且黑帮集团是一个有凝聚力的组织，可以约束其成员团体的行动。这项研究有助于了解日本黑帮的结构以及有组织犯罪集团内部暴力冲突的发生方式。

引用次数: 0