Pub Date : 2025-05-28DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.05.004
Erez Aharon Marantz , Jeff Sachs , Emily Erikson
This paper analyzes how network communities condition the effects of embeddedness and status. Many economic fields are segmented into network communities that shape market activity. Using data on the hiring of 39,870 television producers from 1948 to 2010, we show that community membership moderates the effects of embeddedness and status. Embeddedness and status positively affect producers' employment by members of their communities, but negatively impact their employment by non-community members. These results contribute to the understanding of the operation of embeddedness and status in markets and to efforts to incorporate community-level dynamics into network analysis.
{"title":"Embeddedness, status, and groups: Networks and employment in the American television production","authors":"Erez Aharon Marantz , Jeff Sachs , Emily Erikson","doi":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper analyzes how network communities condition the effects of embeddedness and status. Many economic fields are segmented into network communities that shape market activity. Using data on the hiring of 39,870 television producers from 1948 to 2010, we show that community membership moderates the effects of embeddedness and status. Embeddedness and status positively affect producers' employment by members of their communities, but negatively impact their employment by non-community members. These results contribute to the understanding of the operation of embeddedness and status in markets and to efforts to incorporate community-level dynamics into network analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48353,"journal":{"name":"Social Networks","volume":"83 ","pages":"Pages 14-27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-14DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.04.005
Alejandro Espinosa-Rada , Jürgen Lerner , Cornelius Fritz
Understanding why researchers cite certain works remains a key question in the study of scientific networks. Prior research has identified factors such as relevance, group cohesion, and source crediting. However, the interplay between cognitive and social dimensions in citation behavior – often conceptualized as a socio-cognitive network – is frequently overlooked, particularly regarding the intermediary steps that lead to a citation. Since a citation first requires a work to be published by a set of authors, we examine how the structure of coauthorship networks influences citation patterns. To investigate this relationship, we analyze the citation and collaboration behavior of Chilean astronomers from 2013 to 2015 using the Group-Oriented Relational Hyperevent Model, which allows us to study coauthorship and citation networks in a joint framework. Our findings suggest that when selecting which works to cite, authors favor recent research and maintain cognitive continuity across cited works. At the same time, we observe that coherent groups – closely connected coauthors – tend to be co-cited more frequently in subsequent publications, reinforcing the interdependence of collaboration and citation networks.
{"title":"Socio-cognitive networks between researchers: Investigating scientific dualities with the group-oriented relational hyperevent model","authors":"Alejandro Espinosa-Rada , Jürgen Lerner , Cornelius Fritz","doi":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding why researchers cite certain works remains a key question in the study of scientific networks. Prior research has identified factors such as relevance, group cohesion, and source crediting. However, the interplay between cognitive and social dimensions in citation behavior – often conceptualized as a socio-cognitive network – is frequently overlooked, particularly regarding the intermediary steps that lead to a citation. Since a citation first requires a work to be published by a set of authors, we examine how the structure of coauthorship networks influences citation patterns. To investigate this relationship, we analyze the citation and collaboration behavior of Chilean astronomers from 2013 to 2015 using the Group-Oriented Relational Hyperevent Model, which allows us to study coauthorship and citation networks in a joint framework. Our findings suggest that when selecting which works to cite, authors favor recent research and maintain cognitive continuity across cited works. At the same time, we observe that coherent groups – closely connected coauthors – tend to be co-cited more frequently in subsequent publications, reinforcing the interdependence of collaboration and citation networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48353,"journal":{"name":"Social Networks","volume":"83 ","pages":"Pages 1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-30DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.04.002
Michele Battisti , Andrea Mario Lavezzi , Roberto Musotto
We apply social network analysis to study tie formation among a large group of members of the Sicilian Mafia, one of the oldest criminal organizations, operating in the province of Palermo. Data come from the police operation denoted “Perseo”, which led to the arrest of 99 individuals active in the period 2006–2008. Specifically, we focus on the effect of hierarchical structure, task specialization patterns, and geographical organization on the probability of tie formation by estimating dyadic regressions. We find: First, if both agents in a dyad are bosses, two effects of opposite sign are at work: a scale effect, that increases the probability, and a homophily effect, that decreases such probability. Second, organizational task homophily positively affects tie formation, while criminal task homophily does not. Third, the key geographical variable driving tie formation is joint membership to the same mandamento, which makes sheer geographical distance non-statistically significant. We corroborate our results with several robustness tests and discuss their implications for an understanding of criminal organizations, such as the Cosa Nostra.
{"title":"Hierarchy, Tasks, Space: An analysis of tie formation in the Palermo Mafia","authors":"Michele Battisti , Andrea Mario Lavezzi , Roberto Musotto","doi":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We apply social network analysis to study tie formation among a large group of members of the Sicilian Mafia, one of the oldest criminal organizations, operating in the province of Palermo. Data come from the police operation denoted “Perseo”, which led to the arrest of 99 individuals active in the period 2006–2008. Specifically, we focus on the effect of hierarchical structure, task specialization patterns, and geographical organization on the probability of tie formation by estimating dyadic regressions. We find: First, if both agents in a dyad are bosses, two effects of opposite sign are at work: a scale effect, that increases the probability, and a homophily effect, that decreases such probability. Second, organizational task homophily positively affects tie formation, while criminal task homophily does not. Third, the key geographical variable driving tie formation is joint membership to the same <em>mandamento</em>, which makes sheer geographical distance non-statistically significant. We corroborate our results with several robustness tests and discuss their implications for an understanding of criminal organizations, such as the Cosa Nostra.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48353,"journal":{"name":"Social Networks","volume":"82 ","pages":"Pages 213-228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-29DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.04.004
Andrew Parker , Christian Waldstrøm , Stefano Tasselli
We examine how perceptions of work activities regarding exploration (i.e., pursuit of knowledge for innovation) and exploitation (i.e., pursuit of knowledge for maximizing the benefits of existing resources) affects how individuals change their knowledge networks. We theorize how network choices regarding dynamic micro-network mechanisms of tie change and stability, reciprocity, and closure are influenced by perceptions of exploration and exploitation work activity. We test our ideas in a dataset comprising 135 employees at three time points in an R&D unit using the actor-based Simulation Investigation for Empirical Network Analysis (SIENA) modeling framework. We find that employees with perceptions of high versus low exploration work activity are more likely to change their network ties, make reciprocal knowledge ties, and have open triadic knowledge networks. Employees with perceptions of high versus low exploitation work activity also are more likely to change their network ties, however, they prefer unreciprocated knowledge ties, and closed triadic knowledge networks.
{"title":"The effect of perceptions of exploration and exploitation work activities on dynamic organizational knowledge networks","authors":"Andrew Parker , Christian Waldstrøm , Stefano Tasselli","doi":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examine how perceptions of work activities regarding exploration (i.e., pursuit of knowledge for innovation) and exploitation (i.e., pursuit of knowledge for maximizing the benefits of existing resources) affects how individuals change their knowledge networks. We theorize how network choices regarding dynamic micro-network mechanisms of tie change and stability, reciprocity, and closure are influenced by perceptions of exploration and exploitation work activity. We test our ideas in a dataset comprising 135 employees at three time points in an R&D unit using the actor-based Simulation Investigation for Empirical Network Analysis (SIENA) modeling framework. We find that employees with perceptions of high versus low exploration work activity are more likely to change their network ties, make reciprocal knowledge ties, and have open triadic knowledge networks. Employees with perceptions of high versus low exploitation work activity also are more likely to change their network ties, however, they prefer unreciprocated knowledge ties, and closed triadic knowledge networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48353,"journal":{"name":"Social Networks","volume":"82 ","pages":"Pages 201-212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.03.007
Selena M. Livas , Carter T. Butts
International environmental agreements (IEAs) are a form of joint action that require coordination and cooperation. The action of ratifying an IEA is influenced by national level characteristics as well as agreement characteristics. However, these agreements can also be seen as being connected through the overlapping countries that ratify them, while countries can be seen as connected through the agreements they choose to co-ratify. The implicit bipartite structure of the IEA network, constituted by both countries and treaties, can give rise to two distinct, yet interacting one mode networks. Exploring the factors that influence each network can build on our understanding of IEA ratification in the present as well as the past, while expanding our understanding of agreement ratification generally. Moreover, the central sociological theories addressing IEA ratification have implications for how categories of countries co-ratify at different rates, both individually and together. The aim of this study is to explore how categories of both countries and agreements are associated with varying rates of co-ratification and how these associations have changed over time. Our analysis employs newly coded network data from over 840 multilateral IEAs between 208 countries, ranging in signing date from 1857 to 2022; using both period-based and lagged analyses, we consider the effects of past and ongoing mechanisms of treaty ratification. Our findings demonstrate only modest support for regionalism, while suggesting an evolution in the patterning of co-ratification, with a regime change from a world systems configuration to a world society one over the past 20 to 30 years. In addition to providing a picture of the evolving IEA system, this work demonstrates how the use of network methods in combination with a dual focus of countries and treaties can further our knowledge of various forms of agreement ratification.
{"title":"Birds of a feather sign together: Co-ratification patterns in the International environmental agreement network","authors":"Selena M. Livas , Carter T. Butts","doi":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>International environmental agreements (IEAs) are a form of joint action that require coordination and cooperation. The action of ratifying an IEA is influenced by national level characteristics as well as agreement characteristics. However, these agreements can also be seen as being connected through the overlapping countries that ratify them, while countries can be seen as connected through the agreements they choose to co-ratify. The implicit bipartite structure of the IEA network, constituted by both countries and treaties, can give rise to two distinct, yet interacting one mode networks. Exploring the factors that influence each network can build on our understanding of IEA ratification in the present as well as the past, while expanding our understanding of agreement ratification generally. Moreover, the central sociological theories addressing IEA ratification have implications for how categories of countries co-ratify at different rates, both individually and together. The aim of this study is to explore how categories of both countries and agreements are associated with varying rates of co-ratification and how these associations have changed over time. Our analysis employs newly coded network data from over 840 multilateral IEAs between 208 countries, ranging in signing date from 1857 to 2022; using both period-based and lagged analyses, we consider the effects of past and ongoing mechanisms of treaty ratification. Our findings demonstrate only modest support for regionalism, while suggesting an evolution in the patterning of co-ratification, with a regime change from a world systems configuration to a world society one over the past 20 to 30 years. In addition to providing a picture of the evolving IEA system, this work demonstrates how the use of network methods in combination with a dual focus of countries and treaties can further our knowledge of various forms of agreement ratification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48353,"journal":{"name":"Social Networks","volume":"82 ","pages":"Pages 182-200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-19DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.04.001
Janine Schröder, Jürgen Pfeffer
Internet Communication Technologies (ICTs) have become increasingly popular for social movements of all kinds. Social movement organizations (SMOs) use them to interact and mobilize also across borders. Previous research has highlighted the opportunities for transnational networking and the resulting reduction in the importance of local dependency for SMOs. One movement that combines local direct action with the goal of an international network of activists is Antifa. Single case studies have highlighted that local demonstrations and networks are still vital for antifascist groups. However, studies that examine the influence of spatial dynamics on building an international (digital) network beyond focusing on a single country are still lacking. This study, therefore, examines the impact of proximity on forming digital connections among 355 unique European antifascist groups. Using Exponential Random Graph Modeling (ERGM), we examine the hyperlink network across Europe via the groups’ online presence. The findings reveal that the languages of the groups and the geographical distance between them are significant predictors for the probability of displayed hyperlink connections. These results demonstrate the relevance of proximity theories in the field of digital activism. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of spatial dynamics in shaping online networks, reinforcing the importance of space in contemporary network analysis in social movements studies.
{"title":"Spatial dynamics in collective identity: Proximity and homophily in antifascist hyperlink-networks","authors":"Janine Schröder, Jürgen Pfeffer","doi":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Internet Communication Technologies (ICTs) have become increasingly popular for social movements of all kinds. Social movement organizations (SMOs) use them to interact and mobilize also across borders. Previous research has highlighted the opportunities for transnational networking and the resulting reduction in the importance of local dependency for SMOs. One movement that combines local direct action with the goal of an international network of activists is Antifa. Single case studies have highlighted that local demonstrations and networks are still vital for antifascist groups. However, studies that examine the influence of spatial dynamics on building an international (digital) network beyond focusing on a single country are still lacking. This study, therefore, examines the impact of proximity on forming digital connections among 355 unique European antifascist groups. Using Exponential Random Graph Modeling (ERGM), we examine the hyperlink network across Europe via the groups’ online presence. The findings reveal that the languages of the groups and the geographical distance between them are significant predictors for the probability of displayed hyperlink connections. These results demonstrate the relevance of proximity theories in the field of digital activism. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of spatial dynamics in shaping online networks, reinforcing the importance of space in contemporary network analysis in social movements studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48353,"journal":{"name":"Social Networks","volume":"82 ","pages":"Pages 166-181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-18DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.04.003
Aidan Combs , Gabriel Varela , Dawn T. Robinson , Lynn Smith-Lovin , Stephen Vaisey
We examine ratings of 642 occupations by a national online sample of U.S respondents in 2019 (Freeland et al., 2020). We analyze the respondents’ ratings of occupations on three dimensions of cultural meaning—evaluation (good versus bad), potency (powerful versus powerless), and activity (lively versus quiet). We take deviations of respondents’ individual ratings from population evaluation, potency and activity estimates, focusing on deviations from consensus rather than consensus itself. Drawing on Breiger's (1974) work on duality, we examine two projections of the initial rectangular matrix of correlated deviations. Our two projections represent (1) the cultural communities that people form when they differ from consensus in similar ways, and (2) the clusters of occupations that move in similar ways across those subcultures. Correlations among the residuals at the person level are indicators of shared subcultural differences from the mainstream—different ways of meaning-making about what is valuable and worthy about occupational work. At the occupation level, the structure represents schemas for which occupations share common elements and move together when those elements are evaluated differently. We use dyad models to investigate what metrics of occupation similarity predict similarity in deviations from consensus. We find that similarity in affective meaning (evaluation, potency and activity), material requirements, rewards, and work characteristics all predict clustering at the occupation level. Demographic composition of occupations is less important. We find that older respondents, White respondents, and higher income respondents tend to discriminate more between occupations on evaluation and potency. Respondents who are more similar in age have more similar patterns of deviations. However, occupation-level variables are in general much stronger predictors of residual structure than respondent-level variables.
我们研究了2019年美国受访者的全国在线样本对642个职业的评分（Freeland et al., 2020）。我们从文化意义评价（好与坏）、效力（强大与无能）和活动（活跃与安静）三个维度分析受访者对职业的评价。我们从人口评估、效力和活动估计中获取受访者个人评级的偏差，重点关注与共识的偏差，而不是共识本身。借鉴Breiger（1974）关于对偶性的工作，我们研究了相关偏差的初始矩形矩阵的两个投影。我们的两个预测代表了(1)当人们以相似的方式与共识不同时形成的文化社区，以及(2)在这些亚文化中以相似的方式移动的职业集群。在个人层面上，残差之间的相关性是来自主流的共同亚文化差异的指标——不同的意义创造方式，关于职业工作的价值和价值。在职业级别，该结构表示模式，其中职业共享公共元素，当这些元素的评估方式不同时，这些元素会一起移动。我们使用二元模型来研究职业相似度的指标预测一致性偏差的相似度。我们发现情感意义（评价、效力和活动）、物质要求、奖励和工作特征的相似性都预测了职业水平上的聚类。职业的人口构成不那么重要。我们发现，年龄较大的被调查者、白人被调查者和高收入的被调查者更倾向于在评估和效力上对职业进行歧视。年龄越相近的受访者，其偏差模式也越相似。然而，职业水平的变量通常比被调查者水平的变量更能预测剩余结构。
{"title":"Deviations from cultural consensus about occupations: The duality of occupation meanings and Americans’ meaning communities","authors":"Aidan Combs , Gabriel Varela , Dawn T. Robinson , Lynn Smith-Lovin , Stephen Vaisey","doi":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examine ratings of 642 occupations by a national online sample of U.S respondents in 2019 (Freeland et al., 2020). We analyze the respondents’ ratings of occupations on three dimensions of cultural meaning—evaluation (good versus bad), potency (powerful versus powerless), and activity (lively versus quiet). We take deviations of respondents’ individual ratings from population evaluation, potency and activity estimates, focusing on deviations from consensus rather than consensus itself. Drawing on Breiger's (1974) work on duality, we examine two projections of the initial rectangular matrix of correlated deviations. Our two projections represent (1) the cultural communities that people form when they differ from consensus in similar ways, and (2) the clusters of occupations that move in similar ways across those subcultures. Correlations among the residuals at the person level are indicators of shared subcultural differences from the mainstream—different ways of meaning-making about what is valuable and worthy about occupational work. At the occupation level, the structure represents schemas for which occupations share common elements and move together when those elements are evaluated differently. We use dyad models to investigate what metrics of occupation similarity predict similarity in deviations from consensus. We find that similarity in affective meaning (evaluation, potency and activity), material requirements, rewards, and work characteristics all predict clustering at the occupation level. Demographic composition of occupations is less important. We find that older respondents, White respondents, and higher income respondents tend to discriminate more between occupations on evaluation and potency. Respondents who are more similar in age have more similar patterns of deviations. However, occupation-level variables are in general much stronger predictors of residual structure than respondent-level variables.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48353,"journal":{"name":"Social Networks","volume":"82 ","pages":"Pages 153-165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper introduces a novel framework to analyze the community structure of the International Trade Network by integrating Optimal Transport theory with a gravity-based null model. Unlike traditional modularity approaches, our method accounts for socio-economic constraints and assesses the extent to which residual heterogeneity shapes the community structure. This allows for a more economically grounded and policy-relevant analysis, enabling scenario simulations of economic shocks, trade disruptions, and policy changes. Empirical results show that while our approach aligns with standard modularity methods in stable periods, it outperforms them during crises, capturing deeper economic and financial dynamics. Notably, our findings reveal that the degree of financial development of countries plays a critical role in shaping the emerging partitions.
{"title":"An Optimal Transport approach to model the community structure of the International Trade Network","authors":"Rossana Mastrandrea , Paolo Pagnottoni , Nicolò Pecora , Alessandro Spelta","doi":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a novel framework to analyze the community structure of the International Trade Network by integrating Optimal Transport theory with a gravity-based null model. Unlike traditional modularity approaches, our method accounts for socio-economic constraints and assesses the extent to which residual heterogeneity shapes the community structure. This allows for a more economically grounded and policy-relevant analysis, enabling scenario simulations of economic shocks, trade disruptions, and policy changes. Empirical results show that while our approach aligns with standard modularity methods in stable periods, it outperforms them during crises, capturing deeper economic and financial dynamics. Notably, our findings reveal that the degree of financial development of countries plays a critical role in shaping the emerging partitions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48353,"journal":{"name":"Social Networks","volume":"82 ","pages":"Pages 111-133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-10DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.02.003
Maurice Bokanga, John Levi Martin
While many recent examinations of the idea of duality build upon it to quantify the similarity of entities in a data matrix, there is a potential avenue for quantifying the diversity of some ensemble, but this has not yet been given attention. We here draw on a robust line of work in mathematical ecology that has developed a family of entropy-related diversity measures, and we explore generalizing them to cases of dual nesting. Combining duality-based thinking with ecological diversity measures helps resolves some inherent ambiguities in the way that social scientists often think about diversity: the same relations that appear to increase diversity in some respects may, from a different perspective, decrease diversity. Such ambiguities can interfere with examining some of the most interesting theories of the effects of development on social life. We illustrate with network data from a sample of residents of 75 Indian villages, also cross-nested in 38 castes (jati).
{"title":"Duality, dissimilarity, and diversity: The use of ecological approaches to cross-nested affiliation data","authors":"Maurice Bokanga, John Levi Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.socnet.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While many recent examinations of the idea of duality build upon it to quantify the <em>similarity</em> of entities in a data matrix, there is a potential avenue for quantifying the <em>diversity</em> of some ensemble, but this has not yet been given attention. We here draw on a robust line of work in mathematical ecology that has developed a family of entropy-related diversity measures, and we explore generalizing them to cases of dual nesting. Combining duality-based thinking with ecological diversity measures helps resolves some inherent ambiguities in the way that social scientists often think about diversity: the same relations that appear to increase diversity in some respects may, from a different perspective, decrease diversity. Such ambiguities can interfere with examining some of the most interesting theories of the effects of development on social life. We illustrate with network data from a sample of residents of 75 Indian villages, also cross-nested in 38 castes (<em>jati</em>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48353,"journal":{"name":"Social Networks","volume":"82 ","pages":"Pages 134-152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.03.006
Neelam Modi , Johan Koskinen , Leslie DeChurch , Noshir Contractor
Family planning is heralded as one of the ten most significant contemporary public health achievements, yet it remains underutilized in countries, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, that might most benefit from it. While substantial strides have been made to address supply-side barriers to modern contraceptive (MC) adoption in these regions, demand-side obstacles like personal or partner opposition are less understood. This study investigates the role of social influence in shaping MC demand in communities with low modern Contraceptive Prevalence Rates (mCPR). Using the Structured Influence Process (SIP) framework, we examine how an individual's social relations and exposure to persuasive messages, either in support of or opposition to MC use, jointly influence their decision to adopt or reject contraceptives. Using survey data from two different Kenyan communities, both exhibiting low mCPR but one relatively higher than the other, we observe that mere exposure to MC users or non-users during free-time interactions is insufficient to sway usage decisions. However, the combination of direct contact with contraceptive users and persuasive messages emerges as a potent force of influence. In the lower mCPR community, only a few types of persuasive messages are circulated, and they are all consistently influential in either encouraging or discouraging MC use. These messages primarily appeal to individuals’ desire to do what is “right” by emphasizing social validation and deference to trusted authorities, or their desire to do what is “liked” by reinforcing interpersonal bonds and reciprocal obligations. In the higher mCPR community, a broader range of persuasive messages effectively promote MC use; however, only those invoking social shame effectively discourage it. These findings highlight a crucial distinction between “prevalent vs. persuasive” messaging: While many persuasive messages may be prevalent (i.e., used often), only a subset are also persuasive. Recognizing which messages are merely pervasive versus those that are genuinely effective is vital for efficiently allocating resources to promote or counter MC use narratives. Leveraging research across network science and persuasion, this study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of how social influence shapes contraceptive decision-making.
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