Social Networks最新文献_第5页

Explaining contact patterns in acquaintanceship networks: A new covariate-based model 解释熟人网络中的联系模式：一个新的协变量模型

IF 2.9 2区社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Social Networks

Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.05.005

Derick S. Baum

Aggregate relational data (ARD) on individuals’ ties to groups in a population offer valuable insights into the size of personal networks and the extent of segregation in contact with those groups. However, existing ARD models face two key limitations. First, they mask heterogeneity in network sizes across individuals who may differ markedly in relevant characteristics despite exhibiting similar response patterns on the ARD instrument. Second, although existing models can measure the overall level of segregation in contact with groups, they cannot reveal the determinants of segregation. To address these limitations, we introduce the Covariate Model, a regression-based framework that incorporates respondent covariates into analyses of ARD. We illustrate this model using ARD on contact with occupational categories. In addition to obtaining more substantively plausible network size estimates than existing approaches, the Covariate Model uncovers novel segregation patterns. For example, covariates — driven primarily by educational differences — account for a considerable portion of the segregation in contact with Higher Service occupations (e.g., lawyers and professors) but contribute little to explaining barriers to interaction with other occupational classes. By modeling the determinants of contact patterns in acquaintanceship networks, the Covariate Model extends the analytical reach of ARD and opens new avenues for research on social capital and segregation.

关于个体与群体的联系的总体关系数据（ARD）为个人网络的规模以及与这些群体接触的隔离程度提供了有价值的见解。然而，现有的ARD模型面临两个关键的限制。首先，它们掩盖了个体之间网络大小的异质性，尽管个体在ARD仪器上表现出相似的反应模式，但在相关特征上可能存在显著差异。其次，虽然现有的模型可以衡量与群体接触时的总体隔离程度，但它们无法揭示隔离的决定因素。为了解决这些限制，我们引入了协变量模型，这是一个基于回归的框架，将被调查者协变量纳入ARD分析。我们用与职业类别接触的ARD来说明这个模型。除了获得比现有方法更可信的网络规模估计外，协变量模型还揭示了新的隔离模式。例如，主要由教育差异驱动的协变量在与高级服务职业（如律师和教授）接触时的隔离中占相当大的一部分，但对解释与其他职业阶层互动的障碍贡献不大。通过对熟人网络中接触模式的决定因素进行建模，协变量模型扩展了ARD的分析范围，并为社会资本和隔离的研究开辟了新的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Bully-victim network perceptions of bullies, victims, and peer observers 欺凌受害者网络对欺凌者、受害者和同伴观察者的感知

IF 2.9 2区社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Social Networks

Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.06.002

Kyosuke Tanaka , Keqin Zhang , Jeremy Foote , Seungyoon Lee , Doran C. French

Bullying is a complex social construct, and informants (e.g., bullies, victims, and peer observers) may have differing perceptions about bully-victim relationships. This study examines how informant perspectives differ using network data obtained from 438 fifth-grade students (M_age = 11.19 years old, 46 % girls) in 13 Indonesian elementary school classrooms. Using a cross-informant framework, we investigated how self- and peer-reported bully-victim relationships overlapped as a function of the sex of bullies and victims, friendship ties, and relational schemas (i.e., mental network heuristics). Results from a multiplex exponential random graph model revealed significant agreement between self- and peer-reports. There was greater agreement when bully-victim relationships occurred between non-friends. When self- and peer-reports disagreed, peers identified more instances of boys engaging in bullying than girls, as well as more cross-sex than same-sex bully-victim relationships. Self-reports more often identified bully-victim relationships between friends than between non-friends. Post-hoc analyses revealed that bullies and their friends often had conflicting views of their friendship. Additionally, peers reported more victims per bully and fewer bullies per victim when compared to self-reports. These findings contribute to the understanding of the network structure of bully-victim perceptions and offer practical implications for identifying bully-victim relationships.

欺凌是一种复杂的社会结构，告密者（如欺凌者、受害者和同伴观察者）可能对欺凌-受害者关系有不同的看法。本研究利用从印尼13所小学的438名五年级学生（年龄11.19岁，46% 为女生）中获得的网络数据，考察了被调查者的观点是如何不同的。使用交叉信息提供者框架，我们调查了自我和同伴报告的欺凌受害者关系如何作为欺凌者和受害者性别，友谊关系和关系图式（即心理网络启发式）的函数重叠。多重指数随机图模型的结果揭示了自我报告和同行报告之间的显著一致性。当欺凌受害者发生在非朋友之间时，一致性更高。当自我报告和同伴报告不一致时，同伴们发现男孩比女孩更多地参与欺凌，异性比同性更容易成为欺凌的受害者。自我报告更容易确定朋友之间的关系，而不是非朋友之间的关系。事后分析显示，恶霸和他们的朋友对友谊的看法经常是矛盾的。此外，与自我报告相比，同伴报告的每个欺凌者的受害者更多，每个受害者的欺凌者更少。这些发现有助于理解欺凌受害者感知的网络结构，并为识别欺凌受害者关系提供实际意义。

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引用次数: 0

A comparison of top-coding strategies for aggregated relational data 聚合关系数据的顶编码策略比较

IF 2.9 2区社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Social Networks

Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.05.006

Jody Clay-Warner , Hui Yi , Tenshi Kawashima , Jiacheng Li , David Okech , Fred Hassan Konteh

Aggregated relational data are commonly used in conjunction with scale-up methods to measure network size. In this approach, the number of people respondents report knowing in subpopulations of known size are scaled-up to estimate the size of their personal network. Because this method is sensitive to reporting errors, researchers often top-code responses about subpopulations of known size, although there is no consensus on how to select the top-code value. Here, we compare several top-coding methods, including new approaches that utilize Dunbar’s number, using datasets collected from two aggregated relational data surveys, one from Shanghai and one from Kambia, Sierra Leone. We employ three metrics to evaluate the top-coding strategies: mean error rates in the estimation of the subpopulations of known size, error rate in estimation of the target population, and degree mean. We find that the top-coding strategies all perform equally well in the estimation of the subpopulations of known size in both datasets. The strategies based on Dunbar’s number, however, performed better than the other strategies in the estimation of the target population in Kambia. In addition, the Dunbar’s number approaches produced substantially smaller degree means in both datasets. We examine these findings wholistically and provide suggestions for how researchers should approach top-coding decisions. We ultimately conclude that there is not a one-size-fits-all solution for top-coding and that researchers should systematically examine key indicators from the data to determine if top-coding is necessary and, if so, what top-coding strategy is appropriate.

聚合的关系数据通常与扩展方法结合使用来测量网络大小。在这种方法中，受访者报告在已知规模的亚群体中认识的人数按比例增加，以估计其个人网络的规模。由于这种方法对报告错误很敏感，研究人员经常对已知大小的子种群进行顶码响应，尽管在如何选择顶码值方面没有达成共识。在这里，我们比较了几种顶部编码方法，包括利用邓巴数的新方法，使用了从两个汇总关系数据调查收集的数据集，一个来自上海，一个来自塞拉利昂的坎比亚。我们采用三个指标来评估顶编码策略：估计已知大小的子种群的平均错误率，估计目标种群的错误率和程度均值。我们发现，在两个数据集中，顶编码策略在估计已知大小的子种群方面都表现得同样好。然而，基于邓巴数字的策略在估计坎比亚目标人口方面比其他策略表现更好。此外，邓巴数方法在两个数据集中产生了更小的程度均值。我们从整体上考察了这些发现，并为研究人员如何处理顶编码决策提供了建议。我们最终得出的结论是，顶编码没有一个放之万用的解决方案，研究人员应该系统地检查数据中的关键指标，以确定顶编码是否必要，如果有的话，什么顶编码策略是合适的。

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引用次数: 0

Overlapping social circles in historical elite career networks:Measuring accumulated social status with ‘k-circles’ and circle esteem in bipartite networks 历史精英职业网络中的交叠社交圈：用“k-圈”和二元网络中的圈子尊重衡量累积社会地位

IF 2.9 2区社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Social Networks

Pub Date : 2025-06-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.04.006

Anton Grau Larsen , Jacob Aagaard Lunding , Christoph Houman Ellersgaard

By extending Breiger’s (1974) notion of the duality of persons and groups to biographical data, individuals and organisations can be linked through career overlaps, formalised as k-circles, a minimal members decomposition approach. This k-circle measure is used to identify key individuals and organisations in biographies of more than 30,000 Danish elites between 1910 and 2020. We compare the central circle based on CV data to an elite identified through affiliation networks, showing that k-circles identify career hubs rather than the meeting points of elites. We discuss how k-circles are associated with standard measures of centrality.

通过将Breiger（1974）关于个人和群体二元性的概念扩展到传记数据，个人和组织可以通过职业重叠联系起来，形式化为k圈，这是一种最小成员分解方法。这种k圈测量方法用于识别1910年至2020年间超过3万名丹麦精英传记中的关键人物和组织。我们将基于简历数据的中心圈与通过隶属关系网络确定的精英进行了比较，结果表明，k-圈确定的是职业中心，而不是精英的交汇点。我们讨论k圆如何与中心性的标准度量相关联。

引用次数: 0

Embeddedness, status, and groups: Networks and employment in the American television production 嵌入性、地位和群体：美国电视制作中的网络和就业

IF 2.9 2区社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Social Networks

Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.05.004

Erez Aharon Marantz , Jeff Sachs , Emily Erikson

This paper analyzes how network communities condition the effects of embeddedness and status. Many economic fields are segmented into network communities that shape market activity. Using data on the hiring of 39,870 television producers from 1948 to 2010, we show that community membership moderates the effects of embeddedness and status. Embeddedness and status positively affect producers' employment by members of their communities, but negatively impact their employment by non-community members. These results contribute to the understanding of the operation of embeddedness and status in markets and to efforts to incorporate community-level dynamics into network analysis.

本文分析了网络社区如何调节嵌入性和地位效应。许多经济领域被分割成影响市场活动的网络社区。利用1948年至2010年39,870名电视制作人的招聘数据，我们发现社区成员调节了嵌入性和地位的影响。嵌入性和地位对生产者所在社区成员的就业产生积极影响，但对非社区成员的就业产生消极影响。这些结果有助于理解嵌入性和市场地位的运作，并有助于将社区层面的动态纳入网络分析。

引用次数: 0

Socio-cognitive networks between researchers: Investigating scientific dualities with the group-oriented relational hyperevent model

IF 2.9 2区社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Social Networks

Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.04.005

Alejandro Espinosa-Rada , Jürgen Lerner , Cornelius Fritz

Understanding why researchers cite certain works remains a key question in the study of scientific networks. Prior research has identified factors such as relevance, group cohesion, and source crediting. However, the interplay between cognitive and social dimensions in citation behavior – often conceptualized as a socio-cognitive network – is frequently overlooked, particularly regarding the intermediary steps that lead to a citation. Since a citation first requires a work to be published by a set of authors, we examine how the structure of coauthorship networks influences citation patterns. To investigate this relationship, we analyze the citation and collaboration behavior of Chilean astronomers from 2013 to 2015 using the Group-Oriented Relational Hyperevent Model, which allows us to study coauthorship and citation networks in a joint framework. Our findings suggest that when selecting which works to cite, authors favor recent research and maintain cognitive continuity across cited works. At the same time, we observe that coherent groups – closely connected coauthors – tend to be co-cited more frequently in subsequent publications, reinforcing the interdependence of collaboration and citation networks.

理解为什么研究人员引用某些作品仍然是科学网络研究中的一个关键问题。先前的研究已经确定了相关性、群体凝聚力和来源信用等因素。然而，引用行为的认知和社会维度之间的相互作用——通常被概念化为社会认知网络——经常被忽视，特别是在导致引用的中间步骤方面。由于引文首先需要由一组作者发表，因此我们研究了共同作者网络的结构如何影响引文模式。为了研究这种关系，我们使用群体导向关系超事件模型（Group-Oriented Relational Hyperevent Model）分析了2013年至2015年智利天文学家的引文和协作行为，该模型允许我们在联合框架下研究合著和引文网络。我们的研究结果表明，在选择引用哪些作品时，作者倾向于最近的研究，并在被引用的作品中保持认知的连续性。与此同时，我们观察到，连贯的群体——紧密联系的共同作者——在随后的出版物中往往被更频繁地共同引用，从而加强了合作和引文网络的相互依赖性。

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引用次数: 0

Hierarchy, Tasks, Space: An analysis of tie formation in the Palermo Mafia 层级、任务、空间：对巴勒莫黑手党关系形成的分析

IF 2.9 2区社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Social Networks

Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.04.002

Michele Battisti , Andrea Mario Lavezzi , Roberto Musotto

We apply social network analysis to study tie formation among a large group of members of the Sicilian Mafia, one of the oldest criminal organizations, operating in the province of Palermo. Data come from the police operation denoted “Perseo”, which led to the arrest of 99 individuals active in the period 2006–2008. Specifically, we focus on the effect of hierarchical structure, task specialization patterns, and geographical organization on the probability of tie formation by estimating dyadic regressions. We find: First, if both agents in a dyad are bosses, two effects of opposite sign are at work: a scale effect, that increases the probability, and a homophily effect, that decreases such probability. Second, organizational task homophily positively affects tie formation, while criminal task homophily does not. Third, the key geographical variable driving tie formation is joint membership to the same mandamento, which makes sheer geographical distance non-statistically significant. We corroborate our results with several robustness tests and discuss their implications for an understanding of criminal organizations, such as the Cosa Nostra.

我们应用社会网络分析来研究在巴勒莫省活动的最古老的犯罪组织之一西西里黑手党的一大群成员之间的关系形成。数据来自警方代号为“Perseo”的行动，该行动逮捕了99名在2006-2008年期间活跃的个人。具体地说，我们通过估计二元回归来关注层次结构、任务专业化模式和地理组织对关系形成概率的影响。我们发现：首先，如果二分体中的两个主体都是老板，则两个相反符号的效应在起作用：规模效应（增加概率）和同质效应（减少概率）。第二，组织任务同质性对关系形成有正向影响，而犯罪任务同质性对关系形成无正向影响。第三，驱动纽带形成的关键地理变量是同一命令的联合成员资格，这使得纯粹的地理距离不具有统计意义。我们用几个稳健性测试证实了我们的结果，并讨论了它们对理解犯罪组织（如Cosa Nostra）的影响。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of perceptions of exploration and exploitation work activities on dynamic organizational knowledge networks 探索和开发工作活动感知对动态组织知识网络的影响

IF 2.9 2区社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Social Networks

Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.04.004

Andrew Parker , Christian Waldstrøm , Stefano Tasselli

We examine how perceptions of work activities regarding exploration (i.e., pursuit of knowledge for innovation) and exploitation (i.e., pursuit of knowledge for maximizing the benefits of existing resources) affects how individuals change their knowledge networks. We theorize how network choices regarding dynamic micro-network mechanisms of tie change and stability, reciprocity, and closure are influenced by perceptions of exploration and exploitation work activity. We test our ideas in a dataset comprising 135 employees at three time points in an R&D unit using the actor-based Simulation Investigation for Empirical Network Analysis (SIENA) modeling framework. We find that employees with perceptions of high versus low exploration work activity are more likely to change their network ties, make reciprocal knowledge ties, and have open triadic knowledge networks. Employees with perceptions of high versus low exploitation work activity also are more likely to change their network ties, however, they prefer unreciprocated knowledge ties, and closed triadic knowledge networks.

我们研究了关于探索（即为创新而追求知识）和利用（即为使现有资源的利益最大化而追求知识）的工作活动的观念如何影响个人改变其知识网络的方式。我们理论化了关于联系变化和稳定、互惠和封闭的动态微网络机制的网络选择如何受到勘探和开发工作活动的感知的影响。我们使用基于参与者的实证网络分析模拟调查（SIENA）建模框架，在研发部门的三个时间点的135名员工组成的数据集中测试了我们的想法。我们发现，与低勘探工作活动相比，高勘探工作活动感知的员工更有可能改变他们的网络联系，建立互惠的知识联系，并拥有开放的三元知识网络。感知高剥削与低剥削工作活动的员工也更有可能改变他们的网络联系，然而，他们更喜欢无回报的知识联系和封闭的三元知识网络。

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引用次数: 0

Birds of a feather sign together: Co-ratification patterns in the International environmental agreement network 物以类聚：国际环境协定网络中的共同批准模式

IF 2.9 2区社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Social Networks

Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.03.007

Selena M. Livas , Carter T. Butts

International environmental agreements (IEAs) are a form of joint action that require coordination and cooperation. The action of ratifying an IEA is influenced by national level characteristics as well as agreement characteristics. However, these agreements can also be seen as being connected through the overlapping countries that ratify them, while countries can be seen as connected through the agreements they choose to co-ratify. The implicit bipartite structure of the IEA network, constituted by both countries and treaties, can give rise to two distinct, yet interacting one mode networks. Exploring the factors that influence each network can build on our understanding of IEA ratification in the present as well as the past, while expanding our understanding of agreement ratification generally. Moreover, the central sociological theories addressing IEA ratification have implications for how categories of countries co-ratify at different rates, both individually and together. The aim of this study is to explore how categories of both countries and agreements are associated with varying rates of co-ratification and how these associations have changed over time. Our analysis employs newly coded network data from over 840 multilateral IEAs between 208 countries, ranging in signing date from 1857 to 2022; using both period-based and lagged analyses, we consider the effects of past and ongoing mechanisms of treaty ratification. Our findings demonstrate only modest support for regionalism, while suggesting an evolution in the patterning of co-ratification, with a regime change from a world systems configuration to a world society one over the past 20 to 30 years. In addition to providing a picture of the evolving IEA system, this work demonstrates how the use of network methods in combination with a dual focus of countries and treaties can further our knowledge of various forms of agreement ratification.

国际环境协定是一种需要协调与合作的联合行动形式。批准国际能源机构的行动既受到国家层面特点的影响，也受到协定特点的影响。然而，这些协定也可以通过批准它们的重叠国家被视为相互联系的，而各国也可以通过它们选择共同批准的协定被视为相互联系的。由国家和条约构成的国际能源机构网络的隐性两部分结构可以产生两个不同但相互作用的单一模式网络。探索影响每个网络的因素可以建立在我们对现在和过去的国际能源署批准的理解的基础上，同时扩大我们对协议批准的总体理解。此外，关于批准国际能源机构的核心社会学理论对不同类别的国家如何以不同的速度单独或共同批准也有影响。本研究的目的是探讨国家和协定的类别如何与不同的共同批准率相关联，以及这些关联如何随着时间的推移而变化。我们的分析采用了来自208个国家的840多个多边国际原子能机构的新编码网络数据，这些国家的签署日期从1857年到2022年不等；使用基于时期和滞后的分析，我们考虑了过去和正在进行的条约批准机制的影响。我们的研究结果表明，对区域主义的支持程度并不高，同时表明，在过去20至30年里，共同批准的模式发生了演变，从世界体系结构转变为世界社会结构。除了提供不断发展的国际能源机构系统的图片外，这项工作还展示了如何将网络方法与国家和条约的双重重点相结合，可以进一步了解各种形式的协定批准。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial dynamics in collective identity: Proximity and homophily in antifascist hyperlink-networks 集体认同的空间动力学：反法西斯超链接网络中的接近性和同质性

IF 2.9 2区社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Social Networks

Pub Date : 2025-04-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2025.04.001

Janine Schröder, Jürgen Pfeffer

Internet Communication Technologies (ICTs) have become increasingly popular for social movements of all kinds. Social movement organizations (SMOs) use them to interact and mobilize also across borders. Previous research has highlighted the opportunities for transnational networking and the resulting reduction in the importance of local dependency for SMOs. One movement that combines local direct action with the goal of an international network of activists is Antifa. Single case studies have highlighted that local demonstrations and networks are still vital for antifascist groups. However, studies that examine the influence of spatial dynamics on building an international (digital) network beyond focusing on a single country are still lacking. This study, therefore, examines the impact of proximity on forming digital connections among 355 unique European antifascist groups. Using Exponential Random Graph Modeling (ERGM), we examine the hyperlink network across Europe via the groups’ online presence. The findings reveal that the languages of the groups and the geographical distance between them are significant predictors for the probability of displayed hyperlink connections. These results demonstrate the relevance of proximity theories in the field of digital activism. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of spatial dynamics in shaping online networks, reinforcing the importance of space in contemporary network analysis in social movements studies.

互联网通信技术（ICTs）在各种社会运动中越来越受欢迎。社会运动组织（SMOs）利用它们进行互动和动员，也跨越国界。以前的研究强调了跨国联网的机会，以及因此而降低了对地方依赖的重要性。一个将地方直接行动与国际激进分子网络目标相结合的运动是Antifa。个别案例研究强调，地方示威和网络对反法西斯组织仍然至关重要。然而，研究空间动态对构建国际（数字）网络的影响的研究仍然缺乏，而不是侧重于单个国家。因此，本研究考察了在355个独特的欧洲反法西斯团体中，邻近性对形成数字联系的影响。使用指数随机图模型（ERGM），我们通过集团的在线存在检查整个欧洲的超链接网络。研究结果表明，群体的语言和他们之间的地理距离是显示超链接连接概率的重要预测因素。这些结果证明了接近理论在数字行动主义领域的相关性。该研究有助于更深入地了解塑造在线网络的空间动态，加强空间在当代社会运动研究中网络分析中的重要性。

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引用次数: 0