Transport Policy最新文献_第5页

Optimizing an express delivery mode based on high-speed railway and crowd-couriers 优化基于高速铁路和人群运送员的快递模式

IF 6.3 2区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.10.009

Xiuwen Wang , Lu Zhen , Shuaian Wang

The rapid development of e-commerce has led to various challenges in the express delivery industry. To provide efficient and economical delivery services, this study introduces a joint transportation system for parcel delivery utilizing high-speed railway (HSR) and crowd-couriers. In this system, long-haul transportation between cities is conducted by HSR, which enables multiple transshipments in different operation lines. The pre-haul parcel pickup and end-haul delivery services within the city are performed by crowd-couriers, thus achieving door-to-door transportation. A mathematical model is developed to jointly optimize the freight allocation problem in the rail segment and the crowd-courier routing problem in the road segment. The freight allocation problem is formulated based on the concept of transportation plans. The transportation plans with and without transshipments are found by a depth-first search-based algorithm in the rail segment. A customized heuristic algorithm based on the adaptive large neighborhood search with multiple operators is designed to find a near-optimal solution. A set of numerical experiments demonstrates the speed and accuracy with which the proposed method solves different-sized versions of problem. A sensitivity analysis based on a real HSR network is also conducted to provide more reliable managerial insights for operators.

电子商务的快速发展给快递业带来了各种挑战。为了提供高效、经济的递送服务，本研究介绍了一种利用高速铁路（HSR）和人群运送员的包裹递送联合运输系统。在该系统中，城市间的长途运输由高铁承担，可实现不同运营线路的多次转运。城市内的预运包裹拾取和末运递送服务由人群运送员完成，从而实现门到门运输。本文建立了一个数学模型，以共同优化铁路段的货物分配问题和公路段的人群-快递员路由问题。货运分配问题是基于运输计划的概念提出的。在铁路段，通过基于深度优先搜索的算法找到有转运和无转运的运输计划。设计了一种基于多算子自适应大邻域搜索的定制启发式算法，以找到接近最优的解决方案。一组数值实验证明了所提方法解决不同规模问题的速度和准确性。此外，还进行了基于真实高铁网络的敏感性分析，以便为运营商提供更可靠的管理见解。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating the social acceptance of autonomous ferries: An observation from passengers’ boarding willingness 评估自主渡轮的社会接受度：从乘客登船意愿观察

IF 6.3 2区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.10.012

Chia-Hsun Chang , Chi-Chang Lin , Zaili Yang , Christos Kontovas

Ferries are crucial for the transportation of passengers in coastal areas, offering multi-route, high-frequency, and point-to-point services at a lower cost than bridges or tunnels. Recently, many countries have been advocating for autonomous ferries due to their eco-friendliness and potential to mitigate accidents that often occur on traditional manned ferries due to human error. However, the public’s acceptance of autonomous transport systems is frequently influenced by scientific evidence that supports their practical applications. This study endeavours to scrutinise the social acceptance of autonomous ferries from the passenger's perspective, employing the perceived value theory. A total of 151 responses have been collated from our questionnaire, aiming to investigate the public's acceptance of autonomous ferries, and to obtain the users' opinions on key influential dimensions such as the perceived price, quality, value, risk, and willingness to use an autonomous ferry. Structural equation modelling (SEM) has been employed to examine the relationship among these dimensions. The findings reveal that the perceived price and quality have a positive effect on the perceived value, which, in turn, has an indirect effect on the willingness to use autonomous ferries. The conjecture that the perceived risk influences the perceived value and willingness to use autonomous ferries is fully supported by our findings. Building on the findings of this research, this study offers specific recommendations to industry operators and government authorities to guide policy formulation and operational decision-making in the development of autonomous ferry.

轮渡对于沿海地区的旅客运输至关重要，它提供多路线、高频率和点对点的服务，而且成本低于桥梁或隧道。最近，许多国家都在倡导使用自动渡轮，因为这种渡轮既环保，又能减少传统载人渡轮因人为失误而经常发生的事故。然而，公众对自主运输系统的接受程度往往受到支持其实际应用的科学证据的影响。本研究采用感知价值理论，努力从乘客的角度审视社会对自主渡轮的接受程度。我们的问卷共收集了 151 份回复，旨在调查公众对自主渡轮的接受程度，并了解用户对价格、质量、价值、风险和使用自主渡轮意愿等关键影响因素的看法。研究采用了结构方程模型（SEM）来检验这些维度之间的关系。研究结果表明，感知价格和质量对感知价值有积极影响，而感知价值又对使用自主渡轮的意愿有间接影响。我们的研究结果完全支持了 "感知风险影响感知价值和使用自主渡轮的意愿 "这一猜想。基于研究结果，本研究为行业运营商和政府部门提供了具体建议，以指导自主渡轮发展的政策制定和运营决策。

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引用次数: 0

How high-speed railway expands beyond local knowledge search in interdisciplinary innovation: Evidence from China 高速铁路如何在跨学科创新中超越本地知识搜索：来自中国的证据

IF 6.3 2区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.10.013

Ruipeng Tan , Lulu Pan

Breaking through local knowledge search limitations is essential for fostering interdisciplinary innovation. This paper investigates how High-speed Railway (HSR) facilitates these firms in integrating information technology (IT) knowledge from other cities into their innovation processes. By connecting cities through faster transportation, HSR diminishes the constraints of geographical proximity, enabling firms to bypass the traditional reliance on local knowledge clusters and access a broader pool of IT expertise. Utilizing a difference-in-differences (DID) approach, our results reveal that HSR enhances knowledge search scope by improving access to IT resources, increasing human capital mobility, and raising competitive awareness. Additionally, we identify heterogeneity in this effect based on factors such as the marketization level of a firm's location, the degree of digital infrastructure development, whether a firm is located in a provincial capital, and the specific industry sector. Our findings further demonstrate that the expansion of knowledge search scope due to HSR significantly boosts future firm performance. These findings highlight the critical role of transportation infrastructure, exemplified by HSR, in breaking down geographic barriers to interdisciplinary knowledge flows and fostering more dynamic innovation ecosystems.

突破本地知识搜索的限制对于促进跨学科创新至关重要。本文探讨了高速铁路（HSR）如何帮助这些企业将其他城市的信息技术（IT）知识融入其创新过程。通过更快的交通将城市连接起来，高铁减少了地理位置接近性的限制，使企业能够绕过对本地知识集群的传统依赖，获得更广泛的信息技术专业知识。利用差分法（DID），我们的研究结果表明，高铁通过改善信息技术资源的获取、增加人力资本流动性和提高竞争意识，扩大了知识搜索范围。此外，我们还根据企业所在地的市场化水平、数字基础设施的发展程度、企业是否位于省会城市以及具体的行业部门等因素，确定了这种效应的异质性。我们的研究结果进一步表明，由于高铁的开通，知识搜索范围的扩大大大提升了企业的未来绩效。这些发现凸显了以高铁为代表的交通基础设施在打破跨学科知识流动的地理障碍、促进更具活力的创新生态系统方面的关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating contestation around neighbourhood scale active travel infrastructure policy 调查围绕街区规模积极出行基础设施政策的争议

IF 6.3 2区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.10.007

Ethan Caris , Mengqiu Cao

Active travel infrastructure policy implemented at a neighbourhood scale has generated unexpected levels of socio-political contestation, leading to the removal of some schemes and widespread debates regarding equity and justice. Frequently, such contestation is framed as a discrete transport-centric phenomenon, engendering binary and objective pro-vs. anti-active travel infrastructure narratives, which obfuscate the intersection of policy with wider urban socio-spatial development dynamics. In response, this study adopts a critical urban approach to undertake a detailed investigation of contestation, through analysis of the subjective perspectives shaping contested discourses around neighbourhood scale active travel infrastructure. To achieve this, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with stakeholders, using London as a case study. Our results show that divergent conceptualisations of sustainability, disparate experiences of decision-making processes, and heterogeneous socio-spatial contexts, all play a role in shaping and mediating contestation. Analysis of these themes highlights how processes of contestation are contingent upon the deployment of top-down technocratic policy. These findings reveal how current active travel infrastructure policy can further entrench, and give rise to, novel, uneven development processes. Thus, this study demonstrates the need for more transformative and strategic policy approaches, which offer truly participatory opportunities and consider active travel infrastructure within wider socio-spatial contexts.

在街区范围内实施的主动出行基础设施政策引发了意想不到的社会政治争议，导致一些计划被取消，并引发了有关公平和正义的广泛讨论。通常情况下，这种争论被视为以交通为中心的离散现象，产生了支持与反对主动式出行基础设施的二元客观叙事，模糊了政策与更广泛的城市社会空间发展动态之间的交集。为此，本研究采用了批判性城市方法，通过分析围绕邻里规模的主动出行基础设施形成争议性论述的主观观点，对争议进行了详细调查。为此，我们以伦敦为案例，对利益相关者进行了深入的半结构式访谈。我们的研究结果表明，不同的可持续发展概念、决策过程中的不同经验以及异质的社会空间背景，都在形成和调解争议方面发挥了作用。对这些主题的分析凸显了争论过程如何取决于自上而下的技术官僚政策的部署。这些发现揭示了当前的积极出行基础设施政策是如何进一步巩固和产生新的、不均衡的发展进程的。因此，本研究表明需要更具变革性和战略性的政策方法，提供真正的参与机会，并在更广泛的社会空间背景下考虑积极的出行基础设施。

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引用次数: 0

Changes in low-carbon transportation efficiency of Chinese roads after considering the impact of new energy vehicles 考虑新能源汽车影响后中国道路低碳交通效率的变化

IF 6.3 2区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.09.020

An Cheng , Guogang Jiang , Xiangyu Teng , Wenting Xu , Yimin Li , Longhui Wu , Yung-ho Chiu

China aims to attain peak carbon emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. As a top-ranked carbon-emitting industry, the transportation industry faces a severe low-carbon transformation situation. The rapid development of new energy vehicles (NEVs) has become an important means to improve the low-carbon transportation efficiency of Chinese roads. Existing studies rarely consider the impact of the development of NEVs, and a regional imbalance exists in the development of low-carbon transportation in China. This study takes the sales of NEVs as an important exogenous variable and uses a modified meta-dynamic non-radial directional distance function (DDF) to analyze the low-carbon transportation efficiency of Chinese roads. After incorporating the sales of NEVs into the analysis system, China's overall road transportation efficiency has significantly improved. The present value of the average annual low-carbon transportation efficiency has increased by 0.06–0.1 compared to the original value, but there are regional differences. The eastern region, with its technological advantages, has achieved the best performance with an average low-carbon transportation efficiency of 0.92. The substitution of NEVs has significantly improved the efficiency of low-carbon transportation on roads in central China. The improvement of low-carbon transportation efficiency on roads in western China is limited due to factors such as the low popularity of NEVs. We delved into the reasons for the development of NEVs to improve the efficiency of low-carbon transportation on roads, discussed the improvement of carbon emissions through the promotion of NEVs, analyzed the regional imbalance of low-carbon transportation efficiency on roads, and provided policy recommendations for the future development of NEVs from the perspective of regional differences.

中国的目标是到 2030 年实现碳排放峰值，到 2060 年实现碳中和。作为碳排放排名第一的行业，交通运输业面临着严峻的低碳转型形势。新能源汽车的快速发展已成为提高中国道路低碳交通效率的重要手段。现有研究很少考虑新能源汽车发展的影响，中国低碳交通发展存在区域不平衡的问题。本研究将新能源汽车销量作为重要的外生变量，采用改进的元动态非径向方向距离函数（DDF）分析中国道路的低碳交通效率。将新能源汽车销量纳入分析体系后，中国道路交通整体效率显著提高。年均低碳运输效率现值比原来提高了 0.06-0.1，但存在地区差异。拥有技术优势的东部地区表现最好，平均低碳运输效率达到 0.92。新能源汽车的替代大大提高了华中地区道路低碳交通的效率。由于 NEV 的普及率较低等因素，西部地区道路低碳交通效率的提升有限。我们深入探讨了发展 NEV 提高道路低碳交通效率的原因，讨论了通过推广 NEV 改善碳排放的问题，分析了道路低碳交通效率的地区不平衡性，并从地区差异的角度为未来 NEV 的发展提供了政策建议。

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引用次数: 0

Environmental and social welfare effects of aviation liberalization: Evidence from Central Asia and China market 航空自由化对环境和社会福利的影响：中亚和中国市场的证据

IF 6.3 2区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.10.005

Qing Ji , Weijun Liao , Chunan Wang , Ying Fan

We investigate the effects of international aviation liberalization between China and Central Asia on environment and social welfare. Based on monthly international air traffic data between Central Asia and China, we estimate a random-coefficients discrete choice model and perform a counterfactual analysis to quantify the effects of improved air connectivity, mainly considering that the ratio of direct and connecting aviation services between Central Asia and Beijing is the same as those between Central Asia and Russia, between Central Asia and other former Soviet Union countries and between Central Asia and other Asian countries. The main findings are as follows. First, improving air connectivity intensifies competition in the market, resulting in a decrease in the passenger-weighted average airfares between Central Asia and Beijing by 0.86–5.15 US dollars (USD) in 2012 and an increase in the total number of passengers by 2930–20,790. Second, improving air connectivity increases total carbon emissions (CO₂) between Central Asia and Beijing by 0.78–6.11 million kilograms (kg) in 2012 but also drives down per capita CO₂ emissions in this market by 0.78–2.38 kg. Third, while increasing total environmental externality costs, improving air connectivity significantly enhances consumer welfare and airline profits, resulting in a net social benefit of 14.02–44.12 million USD between Central Asia and Beijing in 2012. Finally, several policy implications are discussed.

我们研究了中国与中亚之间国际航空自由化对环境和社会福利的影响。基于中亚与中国之间的月度国际航空运输量数据，我们估计了一个随机系数离散选择模型，并进行了反事实分析，以量化航空互联互通改善的影响，主要考虑到中亚与北京之间的直达和中转航空服务比例与中亚与俄罗斯之间、中亚与其他前苏联国家之间以及中亚与其他亚洲国家之间的航空服务比例相同。主要结论如下。首先，航空互联互通的改善加剧了市场竞争，导致 2012 年中亚与北京之间的旅客加权平均票价下降了 0.86-5.15 美元（USD），旅客总数增加了 2930-20790 人。其次，2012 年中亚与北京之间航空互联互通的改善增加了 78-611 万公斤的碳排放总量（CO2），但也使该市场的人均 CO2 排放量减少了 0.78-2.38 公斤。第三，改善航空互联互通在增加环境外部性总成本的同时，也显著提高了消费者福利和航空公司利润，2012 年中亚与北京之间的社会净收益为 1402-4412 万美元。最后，讨论了若干政策影响。

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引用次数: 0

The Global South Air transport Belt: A catalyst for sustainable tourism and economic growth 全球南方航空运输带：可持续旅游业和经济增长的催化剂

IF 6.3 2区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.09.018

Bruno Garcia Franciscone , Xiaolong Zou , Elton Fernandes

This paper explores specific technical dimensions of a Global South Air Transport Belt concept, emphasizing international air transport's pivotal role in fostering global trade, stimulating tourism, promoting people-to-people exchange, and enhancing supply chain efficiency. A notable disparity exists between the air transport infrastructures of the Global North and the Global South. Furthermore, the Carbon Offset Scheme for International Aviation poses an obstacle to the air transport advancement in developing nations. This market-based initiative, designed to cap aviation emissions from 2020, has the potential to impede the actual international network connections expansion in developing countries. As an alternative, this paper advocates for the adoption of operational measures, the utilization of sustainable aviation fuels, and the implementation of technological advancements. This strategy aligns with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. The paper highlights the potential for sustainable development through the air transport infrastructure expansion in developing countries, focusing particularly on the BRICS nations. Creating a cohesive Global South Air Transport Belt will facilitate the growth of tourism and foster economic development across the participating nations. Such an initiative seeks a sustainable pathway toward inclusive economic growth and social progress for humanity.

本文探讨了 "全球南方航空运输带 "概念的具体技术层面，强调了国际航空运输在促进全球贸易、刺激旅游业、促进人员交流和提高供应链效率方面的关键作用。全球北方和全球南方的航空运输基础设施存在明显差距。此外，"国际航空碳抵消计划 "也阻碍了发展中国家航空运输的发展。这项以市场为基础的倡议旨在为 2020 年起的航空排放设定上限，有可能阻碍发展中国家实际的国际网络连接扩展。作为替代方案，本文主张采取运营措施、使用可持续航空燃料和实施技术进步。这一战略符合联合国的可持续发展目标。本文强调了通过扩大发展中国家的航空运输基础设施实现可持续发展的潜力，尤其关注金砖五国。创建一个具有凝聚力的 "全球南方航空运输带 "将促进旅游业的发展，并推动参与国的经济发展。这一举措将为人类寻求实现包容性经济增长和社会进步的可持续途径。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling the causal effects of China’s minimum living standard guarantee on household transportation expenditures: A causal forest analysis 揭示中国最低生活保障对家庭交通支出的因果效应：因果森林分析

IF 6.3 2区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.09.021

Zheng Wu , Yihua Zhang , Mingyu Zhang

We investigate the causal effects of China’s Minimum Living Standard Guarantee (MLSG, also called Dibao) subsidy on household transportation expenditures. Utilizing data from the Chinese Social Survey, we employ a combination of the propensity score matching (PSM), causal forest (CF) and marginal treatment effect model (MTE) methodologies to rigorously estimate the subsidy’s effects. The PSM allows us to mitigate selection bias by matching MLSG recipients with comparable non-recipients. While the causal forest captures the heterogeneity of treatment effects across various household profiles. The result of MTE indicate that observable and essential heterogeneity are present to influence the effect of their subsidies, which present the consistent with PSM and CF. The causal mediation analysis indicates the mediating mechanism that MLSG impacts on household transportation expenditures, while also revealing significant variations among different regions. The study not only refines our understanding of the MLSG’s effects on household spending but also offers novel insights into applicational advancements by incorporating machine-learning techniques for policy evaluation. These results have important implications for policy formulation and refinement, particularly in the urban-rural differences.

我们研究了中国最低生活保障补贴对家庭交通支出的因果效应。利用中国社会调查的数据，我们综合运用倾向得分匹配法（PSM）、因果森林法（CF）和边际治疗效果模型法（MTE），对补贴效果进行了严格估算。倾向得分匹配法使我们能够将小额贷款担保基金的受助者与可比的非受助者进行匹配，从而减少选择偏差。而因果森林则捕捉了不同家庭情况下治疗效果的异质性。MTE 的结果表明，可观察到的基本异质性会影响其补贴效果，这与 PSM 和 CF 的结果一致。因果中介分析表明了多层次交通补贴对家庭交通支出影响的中介机制，同时也揭示了不同地区之间的显著差异。这项研究不仅完善了我们对 MLSG 对家庭支出影响的理解，而且通过将机器学习技术应用于政策评估，为应用的进步提供了新的见解。这些结果对政策的制定和完善具有重要意义，尤其是在城乡差异方面。

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引用次数: 0

EU's “three-in-seven” road haulage cabotage rule – Impact imbalances across member states and the geography 欧盟的 "七分之三 "公路运输沿海航行权规则--各成员国和地域之间的不平衡影响

IF 6.3 2区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.10.004

Jostein Tvedt

Road cabotage within the EU, as a share of domestic transport of goods, varies greatly across member states. This can partly be attributed to EU's regime for consecutive cabotage. In addition to economic factors that reflect incomplete market integration, spatial factors appear to affect the impact of the current regime. The impact seems stronger for geographically large and centrally located countries with interregional homogeneity in trade. This may reflect that foreign hauliers under such conditions can utilize the characteristics of their standardized long-range trucks better, or because the likelihood of successfully fixing three favourable long-distance cabotage assignments within the seven days limit increases. Potential amendments to regulations in order to equalize the impact of EU's consecutive cabotage regime across member states' spatial characteristics include removing the limits to the number of trips within the seven days' time frame or shortening the time frame for carrying out the current maximum of three trips.

欧盟内部的公路沿海运输占国内货物运输的比例在各成员国之间存在很大差异。这部分归因于欧盟的连续沿海运输制度。除了反映市场一体化不完全的经济因素外，空间因素似乎也会影响现行制度的影响。对于地理面积大、位于中心地带、区域间贸易具有同质性的国家，影响似乎更大。这可能反映出，在这种情况下，外国运输商可以更好地利用其标准化长途卡车的特点，或者因为在七天期限内成功确定三项有利的长途沿海运输任务的可能性增加了。为使欧盟连续沿海航行制度对各成员国的空间特征产生同等影响，可能对法规进行的修订包括取消对七天时限内航行次数的限制，或缩短目前最多执行三次航行的时限。

引用次数: 0

Effect of beliefs and attitudes on public transport users’ choices. The moderating role of perceived intermodal connectivity 信念和态度对公共交通用户选择的影响。感知到的多式联运连通性的调节作用

IF 6.3 2区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.10.003

Monika Bąk, Przemysław Borkowski, Michał Suchanek

引用次数: 0