Journal of Transport Geography最新文献_第9页

Uncovering urban tourist mobility patterns based on large-scale mobile phone data 基于大规模手机数据的城市游客流动模式揭示

IF 6.3 2区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Transport Geography

Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104496

Rihong Ke , Kuang Wang , Qi Liu , Ling Liu , Pu Wang

Amid the rapid global recovery of tourism and the increasing popularity of urban travel, cities are experiencing mounting spatial and functional pressures driven by tourists' unique mobility patterns. Although urban managers and researchers have focused on tourists' impact on urban space and transportation, systematic empirical studies at the individual level remain scarce, particularly in the detailed characterization of spatiotemporal behavior patterns. This study, based on high-frequency mobile phone data, develops an integrated analytical framework that combines tourist identification, activity inference, and multidimensional mobility indicators to systematically uncover the behavioral patterns and underlying mechanisms of tourist mobility in urban space. The results show that tourists, compared to residents, exhibit stronger spatial exploration tendencies and greater behavioral diversity, reflecting distinct non-routine mobility characteristics. Tourist activities are organized around accommodation locations, forming anchor-based activity chains. Tourist visitation is highly concentrated in certain attractions, resulting in spatially uneven “tourism corridors”. In addition, the integration of POI features and machine learning methods enables the inference of tourist activities, further enhancing the understanding of individual-level behavioral heterogeneity. This study not only extends urban mobility theories to tourism contexts but also provides data-driven insights for spatial governance, transportation planning, and service optimization in tourism-oriented cities.

在全球旅游业快速复苏和城市旅游日益普及的背景下，由于游客独特的出行模式，城市正面临着越来越大的空间和功能压力。尽管城市管理者和研究人员关注游客对城市空间和交通的影响，但在个体层面上的系统实证研究仍然很少，特别是在时空行为模式的详细表征方面。本研究基于高频移动电话数据，构建了游客识别、活动推断和多维流动性指标相结合的综合分析框架，系统揭示了城市空间中游客流动的行为模式和潜在机制。结果表明：与居民相比，游客表现出更强的空间探索倾向和更大的行为多样性，体现出明显的非常规流动特征；围绕住宿地点组织旅游活动，形成以锚点为基础的活动链。游客高度集中于特定景点，形成空间上参差不齐的“旅游走廊”。此外，将POI特征与机器学习方法相结合，实现了对旅游活动的推断，进一步增强了对个体层面行为异质性的理解。该研究不仅将城市交通理论扩展到旅游语境，而且为旅游导向型城市的空间治理、交通规划和服务优化提供了数据驱动的见解。

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引用次数: 0

A parcel locker sharing system to enhance accessibility and equity 一个包裹寄存柜共享系统，以提高便利性和公平性

IF 6.3 2区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Transport Geography

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104504

Si Liu , Ahana Malhotra , Elkafi Hassini

Smart parcel lockers (SPLs) are advanced form of traditional parcel lockers (PLs), that integrate digital technologies such as IoT, real-time tracking, and automated access systems to improve the efficiency and convenience of last-mile deliveries. However, due to the limited number and fixed locations of SPLs, they may face limitations in accessibility and equity, particularly in lower-density or underserved areasc ompared to home delivery methods, such as truck deliveries. To address this problem, the authors propose an integrated locker delivery system, called WePick, which combines smart parcel lockers with underused city bus resources for parcel deliveries. SPLs installed in transit centers are used as a benchmark to assess WePick’s performance to improve equity and accessibility. Through a multi-criteria assessment approach and a case study in the Portland area, Oregon, we find that WePick significantly improves all criteria of service accessibility and equity compared to the benchmark lockers. This shows that WePick is a promising complement to the existing locker delivery system.

智能包裹寄存柜（SPLs）是传统包裹寄存柜（PLs）的高级形式，它集成了物联网、实时跟踪和自动存取系统等数字技术，以提高最后一英里交付的效率和便利性。然而，由于公共服务中心的数量有限和地点固定，它们在可及性和公平性方面可能面临限制，特别是在人口密度较低或服务不足的地区，与卡车送货等上门送货方式相比。为了解决这个问题，作者提出了一个名为WePick的综合储物柜递送系统，该系统将智能包裹储物柜与未充分利用的城市公交资源相结合，用于包裹递送。安装在运输中心的SPLs被用作评估WePick绩效的基准，以改善公平性和可及性。通过多标准评估方法和俄勒冈州波特兰地区的案例研究，我们发现与基准储物柜相比，WePick显著提高了服务可及性和公平性的所有标准。这表明WePick是现有储物柜交付系统的一个有希望的补充。

引用次数: 0

Route-based network analysis: “Route betweenness” and “route link density” applied to a study of a proposed bridge in Trondheim 基于路线的网络分析：“路线之间”和“路线连接密度”应用于特隆赫姆拟建桥梁的研究

IF 6.3 2区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Transport Geography

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104491

Peter Schön , Eva Heinen , Bendik Manum

There is growing recognition of the importance of cycling infrastructure in promoting cycling. However, established methods have a limited ability to predict the citywide effects of single infrastructure interventions on cycling. Network analysis provides a promising alternative; however, studies linking network measures to mode choice are rare. To address this gap, we applied two route-based network measures – route betweenness and the novel measure route link density – to evaluate the impact of the proposed bridge on cycling probabilities. Route betweenness measures the mean betweenness of shortest routes between origin–destination pairs, accounting for route connectivity, directness, and urban density. Route link density quantifies the mean density of network links along shortest routes. Using travel survey data, we trained a gradient boosting model to estimate cycling probabilities using route-based network measures and built environment variables at trip origins and destinations. We then applied the model to a synthetic population and estimated the changes in probability due to the bridge. The results show that route length and route-based measures are key features for predicting cycling probabilities. The models also reveal non-linear effects and notable feature interactions. When applied to a synthetic population, high route betweenness and moderate route link density increase the predicted probability of cycling. Conversely, low values can decrease probabilities, even when route lengths decrease. The effect of route betweenness is particularly strong, as the measure responds to the rerouting of trips over the bridge. Our findings highlight the importance of incorporating route-based measures in travel research and the need for longitudinal follow-up studies.

人们越来越认识到自行车基础设施对促进自行车运动的重要性。然而，现有的方法在预测单一基础设施干预对骑行的全市影响方面能力有限。网络分析提供了一个有希望的替代方案；然而，将网络措施与模式选择联系起来的研究很少。为了解决这一差距，我们采用了两种基于路线的网络测量方法——路线间隔和新颖的路线链路密度测量方法——来评估拟议的桥梁对循环概率的影响。路由之间度量的是出发地到目的地对之间最短路由的平均之间的距离，考虑了路由的连通性、直接性和城市密度。路由链路密度是指网络中沿最短路由的平均链路密度。利用旅行调查数据，我们训练了一个梯度增强模型，利用基于路线的网络措施和旅行起点和目的地的建成环境变量来估计骑行概率。然后，我们将该模型应用于一个合成总体，并估计由于桥而导致的概率变化。结果表明，路径长度和基于路径的度量是预测循环概率的关键特征。模型还揭示了非线性效应和显著的特征相互作用。当应用于合成种群时，高的路径间隔和中等的路径链接密度增加了预测的循环概率。相反，低的值可以降低概率，即使路由长度减少。路线之间的影响尤其强烈，因为该措施响应了过桥旅行的改道。我们的研究结果强调了在旅游研究中纳入基于路线的措施的重要性以及纵向后续研究的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing modal shift potential to ease port-city tensions: A case study for the port of Antwerp based on truck GPS data 评估模式转变的潜力，以缓解港口和城市之间的紧张关系：基于卡车GPS数据的安特卫普港案例研究

IF 6.3 2区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Transport Geography

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104493

Emma Ceulemans, Edwin van Hassel

The heavy reliance on trucking in port-hinterland transport causes significant environmental and societal issues for surrounding areas, straining the port-city relationship. To mitigate these impacts, shifting traffic to alternative hinterland transport modes, such as intermodal inland waterway transport, is essential. This study assesses the modal shift potential for observed port-hinterland container truck trips, derived from truck GPS data, by estimating generalised transport costs under varying road congestion scenarios and applying a logit mode choice model. Results indicate that 18 to 27.5 % of domestic port-hinterland container truck trips could shift to intermodal inland waterway transport under a one- to two-hour increase in road travel times, particularly from locations near inland terminals along three major traffic corridors linking the port of Antwerp to Liège, Brussels, and Kortrijk. Diverting these truck trips from the road network could reduce port-related highway traffic around the city of Antwerp by up to 6.5 %. These findings offer valuable guidance for policymakers, enabling targeted interventions at locations with the highest modal shift potential, thereby reducing trucking dependence and alleviating port-city tensions.

港口-内陆运输严重依赖卡车运输，给周边地区造成了严重的环境和社会问题，使港口-城市关系紧张。为了减轻这些影响，将交通转移到其他内陆运输方式，如多式联运内河运输，是必不可少的。本研究通过估计不同道路拥堵情况下的一般运输成本，并应用logit模式选择模型，评估了观察到的港口-腹地集装箱卡车旅行的模式转变潜力。结果表明，在公路行驶时间增加1至2小时的情况下，18%至27.5%的国内港口腹地集装箱卡车旅行可能会转向多式联运内河运输，特别是从连接安特卫普港到利弗里奇、布鲁塞尔和科特里克的三条主要交通走廊的内陆码头附近的地点。将这些卡车从公路网中转移出来，可以使安特卫普市周围与港口相关的高速公路交通量减少6.5%。这些发现为政策制定者提供了有价值的指导，使其能够在模式转换潜力最大的地点进行有针对性的干预，从而减少对卡车运输的依赖，缓解港口城市的紧张局势。

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引用次数: 0

Unravelling the spatial agglomeration patterns and drivers of the maritime service industry in the Yangtze River Delta 长三角海洋服务业空间集聚格局及驱动因素分析

IF 6.3 2区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Transport Geography

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104497

Shun Chen , Xingjian Wang , Louise Lu Li , Qiang Zhang

The maritime service industry serves as a critical catalyst for regional competitiveness and global supply chain integration. Despite its strategic importance, the micro-scale spatial agglomeration mechanisms of maritime service enterprises (MSEs) remain underexplored, particularly in rapidly evolving economic landscapes. Addressing this gap, this study investigates the spatiotemporal dynamics and determinants of MSE agglomeration in China's Yangtze River Delta (YRD), leveraging a dataset of 5968 MSEs classified into basic, auxiliary, and derivative services from 2000 to 2023. Results reveal a hierarchical pattern: Shanghai anchors high-value derivative services, while auxiliary and fundamental services decentralize to peripheries, shaped by economic, transportation, technological and financial factors. Spatial spillovers highlight interregional interdependence, requiring coordinated policies to balance specialization and synergy. The study advances maritime cluster analysis by developing a hierarchical analytical framework, unveils MSE agglomeration determinants and quantifies interregional spillovers. The research provides insights for adaptive governance, well-balanced and resilient development of maritime clusters.

海运服务业是区域竞争力和全球供应链一体化的重要催化剂。尽管具有重要的战略意义，但海洋服务企业（mse）的微观空间集聚机制仍未得到充分探索，特别是在快速变化的经济格局中。基于2000 - 2023年5968个中国长三角MSE的基本、辅助和衍生服务数据，研究了中国长三角MSE集聚的时空动态及其影响因素。研究结果显示，受经济、交通、技术和金融等因素影响，上海以高价值衍生服务为主，辅助和基础服务向周边分散；空间溢出效应强调区域间的相互依存，需要协调政策来平衡专业化和协同效应。该研究通过开发层次分析框架来推进海洋聚类分析，揭示了MSE聚集的决定因素，并量化了区域间溢出效应。该研究为海洋集群的适应性治理、均衡和弹性发展提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Engaging citizens from low-income communities in transport planning: experiences from peer research studies conducted in three African cities 让低收入社区的公民参与交通规划：来自三个非洲城市的同行研究的经验

IF 6.3 2区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Transport Geography

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104484

Gina Porter , Bradley Rink , Emma Murphy , Fatima Adamu , Plangsat Bitrus Dayil , Sam Clark , Bulelani Maskiti , Claire Dungey , Ariane de Lannoy

This paper draws on experience from a series of transport-focused studies built round peer research with community members resident in low-income neighbourhoods at the periphery of three major cities: Abuja, Cape Town and Tunis. These were conducted firstly with young women aged 18–35 in all three cities over a four-year period (2019–2022, i.e. spanning the pandemic), followed by a recently completed pilot with young men in the same age group (but in this case restricted to Cape Town). The paper reflects firstly on the peer research methodology employed (including training procedures, ethical issues and context specific challenges/barriers) and the significant field outputs achieved by the groups concerned through their in-depth interviews, participant observation and mobility diaries. It then moves on to consider the engagement of the community peer researchers with city transport professionals and practitioners at our project stakeholder consultative group meetings and their potential for promoting the design of more inclusive, accessible and sustainable transport systems. While peer researchers' direct field evidence offers rare insights into the transport and mobility challenges that many marginalised residents of these low-income neighbourhoods experience in the everyday – perspectives that could be crucial to effective user engagement around transport issues in an Urban Living Lab - the actual patterns and potentialities of engagement within each city that might promote a more socially just travel environment are strongly shaped by a range of locally specific factors. These extend from resource and policy contexts set within distinctive local urban geographies, to the personalities and positionality of all actors involved.

本文借鉴了一系列以交通为重点的研究的经验，这些研究围绕着对居住在阿布贾、开普敦和突尼斯三个主要城市外围低收入社区的社区成员的同行研究展开。这些研究首先在所有三个城市的18-35岁年轻女性中进行，为期四年（2019-2022年，即跨越大流行期间），然后在同一年龄组的年轻男性中进行了最近完成的试点（但在这种情况下仅限于开普敦）。本文首先反映了所采用的同行研究方法（包括培训程序、伦理问题和具体背景的挑战/障碍），以及相关群体通过深入访谈、参与者观察和流动日记取得的重要实地产出。然后，在我们的项目利益相关者咨询小组会议上，考虑社区同行研究人员与城市交通专业人员和从业人员的参与，以及他们促进设计更具包容性、可达性和可持续性的交通系统的潜力。虽然同行研究人员的直接现场证据为这些低收入社区的许多边缘化居民在日常生活中遇到的交通和流动性挑战提供了罕见的见解——这些观点对于城市生活实验室中有效的用户参与交通问题至关重要——但每个城市参与的实际模式和潜力可能会促进更社会公正的旅行环境，这在很大程度上受到一系列当地具体因素的影响的因素。这些因素包括在独特的地方城市地理范围内设置的资源和政策背景，以及所有参与者的个性和位置。

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引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal dynamics of local transport greenhouse gases using mobile phone data: A framework for emissions estimation, allocation, and determinants identification 利用移动电话数据的本地运输温室气体时空动态：排放估算、分配和决定因素识别的框架

IF 6.3 2区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Transport Geography

Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104492

Xianghui Zhang , Tao Cheng , Zijing Yang

Estimating and allocating greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from transport at the urban scale is essential for guiding local decarbonisation strategies and enabling effective carbon governance. However, conventional top-down methods often obscure the spatial, temporal, and behavioural complexity of urban mobility, limiting the design of targeted interventions. This study presents a novel bottom-up framework that leverages individual-level mobile phone data to estimate, allocate, and analyse transport-related GHG emissions at high spatial and temporal resolution. The framework supports multiple accounting perspectives, including territorial and residence-based principles, while enabling contributor tracing by traveller types and the identification of localised emission determinants. Applied to Greater London, the framework reveals significant shifts in emission patterns between pre- and post-pandemic periods, highlighting increased emissions from residents and trip-attracted individuals, alongside persistent dominance by pass-through travellers. It also captures how behavioural changes, such as remote work, have reshaped emissions determinants. The proposed approach provides a scalable and policy-relevant tool to support localised climate action and lays a foundation for evidence-based transport carbon trading systems.

在城市尺度上估算和分配交通运输产生的温室气体排放对于指导地方脱碳战略和实现有效的碳治理至关重要。然而，传统的自上而下的方法往往模糊了城市交通的空间、时间和行为复杂性，限制了有针对性干预措施的设计。本研究提出了一个新颖的自下而上的框架，利用个人层面的移动电话数据在高时空分辨率下估计、分配和分析与运输相关的温室气体排放。该框架支持多种核算视角，包括基于地域和居住地的原则，同时能够按旅行者类型追踪贡献者，并确定当地的排放决定因素。应用于大伦敦地区，该框架揭示了大流行前后排放模式的重大变化，突出显示居民和吸引旅行的个人的排放量增加，以及过境旅行者持续占主导地位。它还捕捉到了远程工作等行为变化如何重塑了排放决定因素。拟议的方法提供了一个可扩展的、与政策相关的工具，以支持地方气候行动，并为基于证据的运输碳交易系统奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing emergency medical services (EMS) accessibility before and after road pricing: A dynamic 2SFCA approach 道路收费前后紧急医疗服务可及性评估：动态2SFCA方法

IF 6.3 2区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Transport Geography

Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104489

Zhiran Huang , Yi Sun

Road pricing has been regarded as an effective tool for mitigating traffic congestion in cities. It could, however, exacerbate inequity through negative externalities. This study compares accessibility to emergency medical services (EMS) before and after the road pricing policy in Hong Kong. We develop a dynamic two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method to account for changes in speed. The spatio-temporal patterns of changes in EMS accessibility are captured. Results show that while the maximum EMS accessibility values increased after the policy, the average values decreased, particularly during the morning peak, which indicates a polarisation effect. Global Moran's I analysis informs that EMS accessibility changes are spatially clustered, and bivariate local Moran's I reveals that improvements in EMS accessibility are associated with areas with high elderly population density. Sensitivity analysis further supports our findings. Findings highlight the horizontal inequity and vertical equity in relation to the policy, bridging the gap between road pricing and public health literature. Policy implications are discussed.

道路收费被认为是缓解城市交通拥堵的有效工具。然而，它可能通过负面外部性加剧不平等。本研究比较香港道路收费政策实施前后的紧急医疗服务可及性。我们开发了一个动态的两步浮动集水区（2SFCA）方法来解释速度的变化。分析了城市环境服务可达性的时空变化规律。结果表明：政策实施后，EMS可达性最大值增加，但平均值下降，特别是在早高峰期间，表现出极化效应；全球Moran’s I分析表明，EMS可达性变化具有空间聚类性，双变量局部Moran’s I分析表明，EMS可达性的改善与老年人口密度高的地区有关。敏感性分析进一步支持了我们的发现。调查结果强调了与政策相关的横向不平等和纵向公平，弥合了道路收费与公共卫生文献之间的差距。讨论了政策影响。

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引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal prediction of transportation hub passenger distribution with sparse observation data: A pedestrian dynamics-informed deep learning approach 基于稀疏观测数据的交通枢纽客流分布时空预测：基于行人动态的深度学习方法

IF 6.3 2区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Transport Geography

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104490

Shulin He , Xinran Ju , Wendong Chen , Da Lei

Accurate prediction of passenger distribution in transportation hubs is essential for effective management, operational planning, and passenger experience optimization. However, complex spatial layouts and limited data availability of transportation hubs pose significant challenges to conventional prediction methods. This study proposes a Pedestrian Dynamics-informed Spatiotemporal Hypergraph Attention Network (PD-STHGAT) to address passenger distribution prediction under sparse monitoring conditions in transportation hubs. The model comprises two modules: a pedestrian dynamics module and a deep learning module. The pedestrian dynamics module represents passenger distribution in transportation hubs as a macroscopic streamline network. It embeds prior knowledge to support flow interpolation and contributes to a semi-supervised loss formulation. The deep learning module integrates Hypergraph Attention Networks (HGATs) and Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs). These components consider high-order spatiotemporal dependencies of passenger flow along the streamlines and provide hub-wide distribution predictions. A transportation hub scenario with simulated data is used to evaluate model performance. PD-STHGAT consistently outperforms baseline models in Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Weighted Mean Absolute Percentage Error (WMAPE), validating the effectiveness of integrating pedestrian dynamics prior knowledge to solve sparse data prediction problems. Beyond performance improvement, the proposed framework offers actionable insights that support dynamic operational decisions, resource allocation, and passenger guidance strategies within transportation hubs.

准确预测交通枢纽的客流分布对有效管理、运营规划和优化乘客体验至关重要。然而，交通枢纽复杂的空间布局和有限的数据可用性对传统的预测方法提出了重大挑战。本研究提出一个行人动态信息时空超图注意力网络（PD-STHGAT）来解决交通枢纽稀疏监测条件下的乘客分布预测问题。该模型包括两个模块：行人动力学模块和深度学习模块。行人动力学模块将交通枢纽的乘客分布表示为宏观流线网络。它嵌入先验知识来支持流量插值，并有助于半监督损失公式。深度学习模块集成了超图注意网络（HGATs）和门控循环单元（gru）。这些组件考虑沿流线的客流的高阶时空依赖性，并提供枢纽范围的分布预测。使用一个具有模拟数据的交通枢纽场景来评估模型的性能。PD-STHGAT在平均绝对误差（MAE）、均方根误差（RMSE）和加权平均绝对百分比误差（WMAPE）方面始终优于基线模型，验证了整合行人动态先验知识解决稀疏数据预测问题的有效性。除了性能改进之外，拟议的框架还提供了可操作的见解，支持交通枢纽内的动态运营决策、资源分配和乘客引导策略。

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引用次数: 0

Non-linear impact of built environment on metro-bike integration from an eye-level perspective: A deep learning approach with street view images 基于视觉水平视角的建筑环境对地铁自行车整合的非线性影响：街景图像的深度学习方法

IF 6.3 2区工程技术 Q1 ECONOMICS

Journal of Transport Geography

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104485

Shuli Luo , Lurong Xu , Sui Tao , Xiao Fu

The integration of metro and bike systems has emerged as a promising climate change mitigation strategy, fostering a transition towards sustainable transportation modes within urban landscapes. Extensive research has probed the effects of neighborhood-level built environment factors such as accessibility, urban density, land use mix, and proximity to cycling infrastructure—on cycling behavior. However, the impact of eye-level built environment features, those physical and visual characteristics of urban spaces as perceived by individuals at street level, remains insufficiently explored. Using Generalized Additive Mixed Models (GAMM), we examine the effects of both neighborhood-level and eye-level built environment variables on first-mile and last-mile metro-bike integration trips during weekdays and weekends, accounting for spatial and temporal autocorrelations. The results reveal that commercial establishments, job opportunities, population density, and spatial and temporal dynamics all significantly influence metro-bike integration. Surprisingly, the presence of cycle lanes shows a weak effect on integrated metro-bike usage. In addition, non-linear relationships are observed between metro-bike usage and eye-level built environment variables such as sky ratio, greenery, and building ratio, indicating the existence of optimal levels for improving metro-bike integration. The findings emphasize the importance of considering eye-level urban aesthetics when planning for transport infrastructures and thereafter provide concrete threshold guidelines for urban planners and policymakers to better integrate cycling facilities with metro system.

地铁和自行车系统的整合已经成为一种有希望的气候变化缓解策略，促进了城市景观向可持续交通模式的过渡。广泛的研究探讨了可达性、城市密度、土地利用组合和与自行车基础设施的接近性等社区级建筑环境因素对骑行行为的影响。然而，人眼水平的建筑环境特征的影响，即人们在街道水平感知到的城市空间的物理和视觉特征，仍然没有得到充分的探索。利用广义加性混合模型（GAMM），我们研究了社区水平和眼水平的建筑环境变量对工作日和周末第一英里和最后一英里地铁自行车整合出行的影响，并考虑了空间和时间的自相关性。结果表明，商业场所、就业机会、人口密度和时空动态对城市自行车整合有显著影响。令人惊讶的是，自行车道的存在对综合地铁自行车使用的影响很弱。此外，我们还观察到地铁自行车的使用与目视水平的建筑环境变量（如天空比、绿化和建筑比）之间存在非线性关系，这表明存在改善地铁自行车整合的最佳水平。研究结果强调了在规划交通基础设施时考虑城市美学的重要性，并为城市规划者和决策者提供了具体的阈值指导，以更好地将自行车设施与地铁系统结合起来。

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引用次数: 0