Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1177/10422587241288108
Johanna Kuske, Matthias Schulz, Christian Schwens
Current theorizing on learning during hybrid entrepreneurship is limited in explaining the circumstances under which entrepreneurs’ well-being benefits from a preceding phase in hybrid entrepreneurship. Using existing theory on entrepreneurial learning and role conflict, we argue that interfering demands from roles outside entrepreneurship constrain hybrid entrepreneurs’ ability to transform experiences into skills that protect their well-being when they enter full entrepreneurship. Moreover, we argue that interfering role demands affect female and male hybrid entrepreneurs differently. We test the hypotheses using panel data. Our study contributes to entrepreneurship research on hybrid entrepreneurship, well-being, role conflict, and gender differences.
{"title":"Hybrid Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurs’ Well-Being: The Moderating Effect of Role Demands Outside Entrepreneurship","authors":"Johanna Kuske, Matthias Schulz, Christian Schwens","doi":"10.1177/10422587241288108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587241288108","url":null,"abstract":"Current theorizing on learning during hybrid entrepreneurship is limited in explaining the circumstances under which entrepreneurs’ well-being benefits from a preceding phase in hybrid entrepreneurship. Using existing theory on entrepreneurial learning and role conflict, we argue that interfering demands from roles outside entrepreneurship constrain hybrid entrepreneurs’ ability to transform experiences into skills that protect their well-being when they enter full entrepreneurship. Moreover, we argue that interfering role demands affect female and male hybrid entrepreneurs differently. We test the hypotheses using panel data. Our study contributes to entrepreneurship research on hybrid entrepreneurship, well-being, role conflict, and gender differences.","PeriodicalId":48443,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Firms’ strategic orientation toward entrepreneurship exposes them to regulatory uncertainties. Prior research suggests that addressing these uncertainties through corporate political activities (CPA) may require costly trade-offs, such as the loss of strategic flexibility. We argue that some of these trade-offs can be mitigated by the way firms structure their CPA. We extend the insights from real options reasoning (ROR) to offer a framework for how firms may circumvent some of these trade-offs through greater CPA breadth, which allows firms to retain their strategic flexibility while reaping some of the benefits of CPA.
{"title":"A Real Options Perspective on Entrepreneurial Orientation and Government Ties","authors":"Izuchukwu Mbaraonye, Varkey Titus, Jeffrey Cavanaugh","doi":"10.1177/10422587241292074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587241292074","url":null,"abstract":"Firms’ strategic orientation toward entrepreneurship exposes them to regulatory uncertainties. Prior research suggests that addressing these uncertainties through corporate political activities (CPA) may require costly trade-offs, such as the loss of strategic flexibility. We argue that some of these trade-offs can be mitigated by the way firms structure their CPA. We extend the insights from real options reasoning (ROR) to offer a framework for how firms may circumvent some of these trade-offs through greater CPA breadth, which allows firms to retain their strategic flexibility while reaping some of the benefits of CPA.","PeriodicalId":48443,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142490904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1177/10422587241280125
Mallika Banerjee
Strategic human capital literature assumes founders mobilize human resources from the market. Social capital research shows that relying on nonmarket sources, such as ethnic communities, for resources results in distinct ways of organizing business activities in immigrant and nonimmigrant firms. Based on a field study, I found that the impact of sourcing human capital from the market versus the ethnic community on business model designs and evolution can be better understood by examining the nature of control firm owners exert over employees and the network segmentation dynamics of subgroups within a community. The study expands on strategic human and social capital research, identifying two boundary conditions for entrepreneurship literature.
{"title":"Elaborating On Ethnic Entrepreneurship: How Differences in Immigrant Founders’ Strategic Choices Regarding Human Capital Sourcing Affect Business Model Designs and Evolution","authors":"Mallika Banerjee","doi":"10.1177/10422587241280125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587241280125","url":null,"abstract":"Strategic human capital literature assumes founders mobilize human resources from the market. Social capital research shows that relying on nonmarket sources, such as ethnic communities, for resources results in distinct ways of organizing business activities in immigrant and nonimmigrant firms. Based on a field study, I found that the impact of sourcing human capital from the market versus the ethnic community on business model designs and evolution can be better understood by examining the nature of control firm owners exert over employees and the network segmentation dynamics of subgroups within a community. The study expands on strategic human and social capital research, identifying two boundary conditions for entrepreneurship literature.","PeriodicalId":48443,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142448559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-17DOI: 10.1177/10422587241288124
Aaron F. McKenny, Greg Fisher, Jeremy C. Short, David J. Ketchen, Thomas H. Allison
We investigate how entrepreneurs communicate with crowdfunding backers during the onset of a societal crisis via a content analysis of campaigns active during the COVID-19 pandemic and a vignette experiment. While effective communication with stakeholders is critical for acquiring resources during societal crises, little is known about what communication strategies entrepreneurs use during these crises or their influence on fundraising. Notably, we find that entrepreneurs’ crisis communication strategies differ along three key dimensions: timing (proactive vs. reactive), target (entrepreneur vs. other), and nature (utilitarian vs. personal), and that proactively addressing other stakeholders’ personal concerns attracts more funding than alternative approaches.
{"title":"Communicating During Societal Crises: How Entrepreneurs’ Interactions with Backers Affect Fundraising via Crowdfunding","authors":"Aaron F. McKenny, Greg Fisher, Jeremy C. Short, David J. Ketchen, Thomas H. Allison","doi":"10.1177/10422587241288124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587241288124","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate how entrepreneurs communicate with crowdfunding backers during the onset of a societal crisis via a content analysis of campaigns active during the COVID-19 pandemic and a vignette experiment. While effective communication with stakeholders is critical for acquiring resources during societal crises, little is known about what communication strategies entrepreneurs use during these crises or their influence on fundraising. Notably, we find that entrepreneurs’ crisis communication strategies differ along three key dimensions: timing (proactive vs. reactive), target (entrepreneur vs. other), and nature (utilitarian vs. personal), and that proactively addressing other stakeholders’ personal concerns attracts more funding than alternative approaches.","PeriodicalId":48443,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-14DOI: 10.1177/10422587241280079
Jukka Partanen, Aino Tenhiälä, Teemu Kautonen, Markus Jokela, Daniel A. Lerner, Alexander McKelvie
We examine the physical health consequences to entrepreneurs of firm growth and decline. Using register-based panel data (2000–2021), we find that entrepreneurs and hired CEOs are, on average, healthier and live longer than individuals from a socio-economically similar random sample from the general population. However, our findings also reveal that entrepreneurs are more likely to fall ill during their tenure and die younger than hired CEOs. Importantly, our findings demonstrate that both cumulative exposure to growth and episodic, rapid declines in sales and in the number of employees are equally taxing for entrepreneurs and hired CEOs.
{"title":"Knocking on Heaven’s Door? Entrepreneurship, Firm Growth, and Health Risks","authors":"Jukka Partanen, Aino Tenhiälä, Teemu Kautonen, Markus Jokela, Daniel A. Lerner, Alexander McKelvie","doi":"10.1177/10422587241280079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587241280079","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the physical health consequences to entrepreneurs of firm growth and decline. Using register-based panel data (2000–2021), we find that entrepreneurs and hired CEOs are, on average, healthier and live longer than individuals from a socio-economically similar random sample from the general population. However, our findings also reveal that entrepreneurs are more likely to fall ill during their tenure and die younger than hired CEOs. Importantly, our findings demonstrate that both cumulative exposure to growth and episodic, rapid declines in sales and in the number of employees are equally taxing for entrepreneurs and hired CEOs.","PeriodicalId":48443,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142440163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1177/10422587241279945
So-Yeon Lim, Seung-Hwan Jeong
Traditionally, family firm studies have assumed there is a single family behind the firm. We challenge this assumption and argue that the distinction between multi-founding family firms and single-founding family firms matters. We theorize that multi-founding family firms, based on mutual monitoring among families, have corporate governance advantages (less principal–agent and principal–principal problems) in terms of reduced founder CEO entrenchment and a lower probability of descendent leadership. Furthermore, we argue that multi-founding family firms exhibit higher levels of innovation and performance. Based on U.S. firms during 2001 to 2010, we find robust support for our arguments.
{"title":"Multi-Founding Family Firms: Effects on Firm Governance, Innovation, and Performance","authors":"So-Yeon Lim, Seung-Hwan Jeong","doi":"10.1177/10422587241279945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587241279945","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, family firm studies have assumed there is a single family behind the firm. We challenge this assumption and argue that the distinction between multi-founding family firms and single-founding family firms matters. We theorize that multi-founding family firms, based on mutual monitoring among families, have corporate governance advantages (less principal–agent and principal–principal problems) in terms of reduced founder CEO entrenchment and a lower probability of descendent leadership. Furthermore, we argue that multi-founding family firms exhibit higher levels of innovation and performance. Based on U.S. firms during 2001 to 2010, we find robust support for our arguments.","PeriodicalId":48443,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142325608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1177/10422587241279900
Daniel R. Clark, Jeffrey G. Covin, Robert J. Pidduck
Recent research introduced and laid the foundation for a new individual-level entrepreneurial orientation conceptualization (Ind.EO) within the entrepreneurial orientation family of constructs. Building directly from this work, this article theoretically defines a measurement model for the construct and develops and validates a scale. We define and measure disposition-based behavior constructs for autonomy, competitiveness, innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking, thus providing psychometrically validated tools that support research in the burgeoning Ind.EO domain. Scale items are generated deductively from our definitions, and then tested through four data collections with academics, the lay population, entrepreneurs, and business managers. Strong validation data across these multiple samples support the utility of the final 17 items and that they can be used to measure Ind.EO. Furthermore, we provide unique theoretical insights regarding the value of the autonomy and competitiveness components of Ind.EO and investigate the core personal values associated with Ind.EO.
{"title":"Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation: Scale Development and Validation","authors":"Daniel R. Clark, Jeffrey G. Covin, Robert J. Pidduck","doi":"10.1177/10422587241279900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587241279900","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research introduced and laid the foundation for a new individual-level entrepreneurial orientation conceptualization (Ind.EO) within the entrepreneurial orientation family of constructs. Building directly from this work, this article theoretically defines a measurement model for the construct and develops and validates a scale. We define and measure disposition-based behavior constructs for autonomy, competitiveness, innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking, thus providing psychometrically validated tools that support research in the burgeoning Ind.EO domain. Scale items are generated deductively from our definitions, and then tested through four data collections with academics, the lay population, entrepreneurs, and business managers. Strong validation data across these multiple samples support the utility of the final 17 items and that they can be used to measure Ind.EO. Furthermore, we provide unique theoretical insights regarding the value of the autonomy and competitiveness components of Ind.EO and investigate the core personal values associated with Ind.EO.","PeriodicalId":48443,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142325610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-14DOI: 10.1177/10422587241269066
Jeffrey A. Chandler, Marcus T. Wolfe, Pyayt P. Oo
Drawing from expectancy violations theory, we examine the effect of entrepreneurs’ claims about their ventures’ capability reputation and character reputation on crowdfunding performance. We propose that capability reputation and character reputation claims benefit crowdfunding performance—but only up to a point—until crowdfunding backers begin to perceive it as over-claiming (inverted-U relationship). We also suggest the effect of entrepreneurs’ capability and character reputation claims are highly contingent upon whether the entrepreneur has launched a commercial or social campaign. Our analysis of 68,899 crowdfunding campaigns strongly supports our theoretical predictions.
借鉴预期违约理论，我们研究了创业者宣称其企业的能力声誉和品德声誉对众筹业绩的影响。我们提出，能力声誉和品德声誉声明有利于众筹业绩--但只到一定程度--直到众筹支持者开始认为这是过度声明（倒 U 型关系）。我们还发现，创业者的能力和品德声誉声明的效果在很大程度上取决于创业者发起的是商业活动还是社会活动。我们对 68,899 项众筹活动的分析有力地支持了我们的理论预测。
{"title":"Striking a Balance: The Effect of Capability and Character Reputation Claims on Crowdfunding Performance","authors":"Jeffrey A. Chandler, Marcus T. Wolfe, Pyayt P. Oo","doi":"10.1177/10422587241269066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587241269066","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing from expectancy violations theory, we examine the effect of entrepreneurs’ claims about their ventures’ capability reputation and character reputation on crowdfunding performance. We propose that capability reputation and character reputation claims benefit crowdfunding performance—but only up to a point—until crowdfunding backers begin to perceive it as over-claiming (inverted-U relationship). We also suggest the effect of entrepreneurs’ capability and character reputation claims are highly contingent upon whether the entrepreneur has launched a commercial or social campaign. Our analysis of 68,899 crowdfunding campaigns strongly supports our theoretical predictions.","PeriodicalId":48443,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-07DOI: 10.1177/10422587241270596
Douglas Cumming, Ahmed Sewaid
Access to finance is crucial for sustaining entrepreneurial activity. Elaborating on resource dependence theory, we argue that the adverse impact of a loan rejection by a crowdlending platform is more severe than that of a rejection by a traditional financial institution. The data indicate that a failed crowdlending loan attempt is associated with a 14.80% increase in the probability of transitioning out of self-employment. This effect is 1.62 times that of revolving lines of credit and 3.08 times that of non-revolving lines of credit. We highlight that these effects are amplified for marginal borrowers and credit- and income-constrained entrepreneurs. In addition, we show that successful crowdlending enhances self-employed individuals’ future income and future access to traditional lines of credit. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
{"title":"Crowdlending, Self-Employment, and Entrepreneurial Performance","authors":"Douglas Cumming, Ahmed Sewaid","doi":"10.1177/10422587241270596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587241270596","url":null,"abstract":"Access to finance is crucial for sustaining entrepreneurial activity. Elaborating on resource dependence theory, we argue that the adverse impact of a loan rejection by a crowdlending platform is more severe than that of a rejection by a traditional financial institution. The data indicate that a failed crowdlending loan attempt is associated with a 14.80% increase in the probability of transitioning out of self-employment. This effect is 1.62 times that of revolving lines of credit and 3.08 times that of non-revolving lines of credit. We highlight that these effects are amplified for marginal borrowers and credit- and income-constrained entrepreneurs. In addition, we show that successful crowdlending enhances self-employed individuals’ future income and future access to traditional lines of credit. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48443,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142152413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.1177/10422587241269067
Katharina Scheidgen, Franziska Günzel-Jensen, Simon L. Schmidt
By following 17 entrepreneurial ventures throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, we show how entrepreneurial ventures can resourcefully mobilize resources throughout crisis—when resource constraints and opportunities for resource mobilization shift erratically. In a period marked by significant resource constraints, a temporary field emerged, centered around societal consequences of the crisis and temporarily offered opportunities for resource mobilization. We identified two types of resourcefulness, both of which were successful immediately after the crisis struck. Surprisingly, only leveraging the temporary field enabled resource mobilization throughout the crisis and fostered venture survival, while, despite initial successes, absorbing the temporary field did not.
{"title":"Entrepreneurial Resourcefulness Throughout Crisis","authors":"Katharina Scheidgen, Franziska Günzel-Jensen, Simon L. Schmidt","doi":"10.1177/10422587241269067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587241269067","url":null,"abstract":"By following 17 entrepreneurial ventures throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, we show how entrepreneurial ventures can resourcefully mobilize resources throughout crisis—when resource constraints and opportunities for resource mobilization shift erratically. In a period marked by significant resource constraints, a temporary field emerged, centered around societal consequences of the crisis and temporarily offered opportunities for resource mobilization. We identified two types of resourcefulness, both of which were successful immediately after the crisis struck. Surprisingly, only leveraging the temporary field enabled resource mobilization throughout the crisis and fostered venture survival, while, despite initial successes, absorbing the temporary field did not.","PeriodicalId":48443,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142123663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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