Pub Date : 2022-08-07DOI: 10.1177/10422587221115365
Esther Salvi, F. Belz, Sophie Bacq
Informal entrepreneurship (IE) has received increased recognition because of its theoretical distinctiveness and practical relevance. However, the burgeoning literature on IE is difficult to navigate, due to its rapid growth across different disciplines. Through an integrative review, we introduce a novel typology of informal entrepreneurs that captures their heterogeneity across various contexts. We point out a dynamic perspective of IE, consisting of three pathways—the reactive formalizing, the proactive formalizing, and the informalizing pathways—along which informal entrepreneurs move, acquiring or foregoing regulative legitimacy. Our review extends the theory on IE, outlines promising research avenues, and suggests relevant practical implications.
{"title":"Informal Entrepreneurship: An Integrative Review and Future Research Agenda","authors":"Esther Salvi, F. Belz, Sophie Bacq","doi":"10.1177/10422587221115365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587221115365","url":null,"abstract":"Informal entrepreneurship (IE) has received increased recognition because of its theoretical distinctiveness and practical relevance. However, the burgeoning literature on IE is difficult to navigate, due to its rapid growth across different disciplines. Through an integrative review, we introduce a novel typology of informal entrepreneurs that captures their heterogeneity across various contexts. We point out a dynamic perspective of IE, consisting of three pathways—the reactive formalizing, the proactive formalizing, and the informalizing pathways—along which informal entrepreneurs move, acquiring or foregoing regulative legitimacy. Our review extends the theory on IE, outlines promising research avenues, and suggests relevant practical implications.","PeriodicalId":48443,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice","volume":"30 16 1","pages":"265 - 303"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82996454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.1177/10422587221115362
P. Berrone, L. Gómez‐Mejía, Kai Xu
Drawing on institutional theory and property rights literature, this paper examines how different types of ownership adopt norm-conforming environmental practices in China. We propose that compared to governmental owners and institutional investors, which align themselves with the state and financial logics, respectively, family owners will adhere to a community logic, given their emphasis on socioemotional elements and property expropriation concerns. Thus, they are prone to norm-conforming environmental practices. Using a sample of 622 Chinese firms over six years, we find general support for the notion that ownership types are strongly associated with the adoption of norm-conforming environmental practices.
{"title":"The Role of Family Ownership in Norm-Conforming Environmental Initiatives: Lessons from China","authors":"P. Berrone, L. Gómez‐Mejía, Kai Xu","doi":"10.1177/10422587221115362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587221115362","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on institutional theory and property rights literature, this paper examines how different types of ownership adopt norm-conforming environmental practices in China. We propose that compared to governmental owners and institutional investors, which align themselves with the state and financial logics, respectively, family owners will adhere to a community logic, given their emphasis on socioemotional elements and property expropriation concerns. Thus, they are prone to norm-conforming environmental practices. Using a sample of 622 Chinese firms over six years, we find general support for the notion that ownership types are strongly associated with the adoption of norm-conforming environmental practices.","PeriodicalId":48443,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice","volume":"2 1","pages":"1915 - 1941"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73300866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.1177/10422587221115363
Grainne Kelly, M. McAdam
Our article conceptualizes the experiences of women entrepreneurs through exploring how they negotiate an entrepreneurial identity in liminal digital spaces. Providing empirically textured narrative portraits of women’s experience of transitioning from employment to a digital entrepreneurial career, this article counters the ascendant rhetoric celebrating the democratizing promise of digital technologies. We present a more critical analysis of the experience of self-doubt and existential precarity including the ways in which gender norms permeate the intimate structures of women entrepreneurs’ everyday lives and selves. We also develop the concept of liminality by illustrating how women digital entrepreneurs cope with liminality through identity play and identity work.
{"title":"Women Entrepreneurs Negotiating Identities in Liminal Digital Spaces","authors":"Grainne Kelly, M. McAdam","doi":"10.1177/10422587221115363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587221115363","url":null,"abstract":"Our article conceptualizes the experiences of women entrepreneurs through exploring how they negotiate an entrepreneurial identity in liminal digital spaces. Providing empirically textured narrative portraits of women’s experience of transitioning from employment to a digital entrepreneurial career, this article counters the ascendant rhetoric celebrating the democratizing promise of digital technologies. We present a more critical analysis of the experience of self-doubt and existential precarity including the ways in which gender norms permeate the intimate structures of women entrepreneurs’ everyday lives and selves. We also develop the concept of liminality by illustrating how women digital entrepreneurs cope with liminality through identity play and identity work.","PeriodicalId":48443,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice","volume":"41 1","pages":"1942 - 1970"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79093853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-09DOI: 10.1177/10422587221111729
Fei Zhu, Alexander Newman
This study integrates human capital theory and research on organizational rewards to examine how one financial reward (i.e., pay level relative to the market average) and three non-financial rewards (i.e., job autonomy, growth opportunities, and team support) jointly influence employee retention in entrepreneurial new ventures. It also examines the moderating role of managerial experience on these contingent relationships. The findings demonstrate that relative pay level strengthens the positive effect of specific non-financial rewards on employee retention, and that employees with managerial experience and those without this experience can be retained using different reward strategies.
{"title":"One Size Does Not Fit All: Organizational Rewards, Managerial Experience, and Employee Retention in Entrepreneurial New Ventures","authors":"Fei Zhu, Alexander Newman","doi":"10.1177/10422587221111729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587221111729","url":null,"abstract":"This study integrates human capital theory and research on organizational rewards to examine how one financial reward (i.e., pay level relative to the market average) and three non-financial rewards (i.e., job autonomy, growth opportunities, and team support) jointly influence employee retention in entrepreneurial new ventures. It also examines the moderating role of managerial experience on these contingent relationships. The findings demonstrate that relative pay level strengthens the positive effect of specific non-financial rewards on employee retention, and that employees with managerial experience and those without this experience can be retained using different reward strategies.","PeriodicalId":48443,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85073893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-04DOI: 10.1177/10422587221111736
Suwen Chen, Garima Sharma, P. Muñoz
In this paper, we address recent calls to increase the societal relevance of entrepreneurship research. We explore how entrepreneurship researchers and practitioners work together in the formulation of a research problem for impact. Leveraging process-tracing, we analyzed six entrepreneurship research projects, from early conceptualization to publication, all part of the Journal of Business Venturing Insights’ Entrepreneurship Rapid Response Research Initiative. We made two discoveries, as it pertains to the formulation of problems in entrepreneurship research. First, we found four critical change dimensions, along which a problem evolves throughout the research process: worthiness, divisibility, centrality, and specificity. Second, we found two equifinal problem formulation pathways in impact-oriented entrepreneurship research: inward-looking iterative and outward-looking joint problem formulation. These are marked by drivers of the research project, timing of involvement of the practitioner, and interactions between researchers and practitioners, which influence the sequence of the four change dimensions in problem formulation. Our study contributes by theorizing problem formulation as a process, not a point in time, and hence intertwined with solutions, making the process consequential. We also offer concrete implications for entrepreneurship scholars wanting to engage in research that impacts practice.
{"title":"In Pursuit of Impact: From Research Questions to Problem Formulation in Entrepreneurship Research","authors":"Suwen Chen, Garima Sharma, P. Muñoz","doi":"10.1177/10422587221111736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587221111736","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we address recent calls to increase the societal relevance of entrepreneurship research. We explore how entrepreneurship researchers and practitioners work together in the formulation of a research problem for impact. Leveraging process-tracing, we analyzed six entrepreneurship research projects, from early conceptualization to publication, all part of the Journal of Business Venturing Insights’ Entrepreneurship Rapid Response Research Initiative. We made two discoveries, as it pertains to the formulation of problems in entrepreneurship research. First, we found four critical change dimensions, along which a problem evolves throughout the research process: worthiness, divisibility, centrality, and specificity. Second, we found two equifinal problem formulation pathways in impact-oriented entrepreneurship research: inward-looking iterative and outward-looking joint problem formulation. These are marked by drivers of the research project, timing of involvement of the practitioner, and interactions between researchers and practitioners, which influence the sequence of the four change dimensions in problem formulation. Our study contributes by theorizing problem formulation as a process, not a point in time, and hence intertwined with solutions, making the process consequential. We also offer concrete implications for entrepreneurship scholars wanting to engage in research that impacts practice.","PeriodicalId":48443,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice","volume":"50 1","pages":"232 - 264"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75348823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1177/10422587221111732
G. Fotopoulos
Knowledge created outside the firm, but within the same region, is a key enabler of high-growth firms. This paper develops an entrepreneurial ecosystems conceptual framework focussing on knowledge spillovers and regional absorptive capacity, to account for interregional differences in high-growth firm rates. This is tested using panel data from 378 regions in Great Britain. Knowledge creation (SME-engaging and research-intensive universities, innovative firms) and knowledge spillovers (primarily through vertically related industries) reveal to be of key importance. Other key regional enablers of high growth firms pertain to entrepreneurship culture, talent, intermediate services, networks, finance and demand growth.
{"title":"Knowledge Spillovers, Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and the Geography of High Growth Firms","authors":"G. Fotopoulos","doi":"10.1177/10422587221111732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587221111732","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge created outside the firm, but within the same region, is a key enabler of high-growth firms. This paper develops an entrepreneurial ecosystems conceptual framework focussing on knowledge spillovers and regional absorptive capacity, to account for interregional differences in high-growth firm rates. This is tested using panel data from 378 regions in Great Britain. Knowledge creation (SME-engaging and research-intensive universities, innovative firms) and knowledge spillovers (primarily through vertically related industries) reveal to be of key importance. Other key regional enablers of high growth firms pertain to entrepreneurship culture, talent, intermediate services, networks, finance and demand growth.","PeriodicalId":48443,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice","volume":"10 1","pages":"1877 - 1914"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74265819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-14DOI: 10.1177/10422587221096907
A. Parhankangas, Rick Colbourne
Indigenous entrepreneurship is a process of drawing value from community-based resources (people, land, capabilities, culture, etc.) and contributing value back that is responsive to a community’s particular set of socioeconomic conditions (Colbourne, 2017a; Jack & Anderson, 2002; Kenney & Goe, 2004: 699). The advent of crowdfunding pointed to the potential of digital platforms to facilitate socioeconomic change through ameliorating disparities in access to entrepreneurial financing for marginalized communities. Thus, crowdfunding represents an opportunity for Indigenous peoples to access capital; showcase their ventures; and assert their right to design, develop, and maintain Indigenous-centric institutions. To investigate the emancipatory potential of Indigenous crowdfunding campaigns, we conducted a non-participatory netnographic explorative study that analyses over 1300 Indigenous campaigns launched between 2010 and 2020. Based on our findings, we develop a typology of Indigenous emancipatory crowdfunding across four orientations: (i) commercial, (ii) cultural, (iii) community, and (iv) activist campaigns.
{"title":"Indigenous Entrepreneurship and Venture Creation: A Typology of Indigenous Crowdfunding Campaigns","authors":"A. Parhankangas, Rick Colbourne","doi":"10.1177/10422587221096907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587221096907","url":null,"abstract":"Indigenous entrepreneurship is a process of drawing value from community-based resources (people, land, capabilities, culture, etc.) and contributing value back that is responsive to a community’s particular set of socioeconomic conditions (Colbourne, 2017a; Jack & Anderson, 2002; Kenney & Goe, 2004: 699). The advent of crowdfunding pointed to the potential of digital platforms to facilitate socioeconomic change through ameliorating disparities in access to entrepreneurial financing for marginalized communities. Thus, crowdfunding represents an opportunity for Indigenous peoples to access capital; showcase their ventures; and assert their right to design, develop, and maintain Indigenous-centric institutions. To investigate the emancipatory potential of Indigenous crowdfunding campaigns, we conducted a non-participatory netnographic explorative study that analyses over 1300 Indigenous campaigns launched between 2010 and 2020. Based on our findings, we develop a typology of Indigenous emancipatory crowdfunding across four orientations: (i) commercial, (ii) cultural, (iii) community, and (iv) activist campaigns.","PeriodicalId":48443,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice","volume":"3 1","pages":"1617 - 1659"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74739236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-14DOI: 10.1177/10422587221102108
Jennifer E. Jennings, Z. Rahman, Dianna Dempsey
Skeptical of prevailing depictions and recommendations regarding the gender gap in entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE), our aim is to raise and examine alternative interpretations and inferences. We question the common belief that women are under-confident with respect to entrepreneurship and whether this is a “problem” that needs fixing. The findings from two distinct datasets indicate, instead, that women are as likely as men to possess accurate entrepreneurial confidence, which is less likely than over-confidence to be associated with proclivities potentially detrimental to business venturing. Our analysis therefore calls for revised portrayals of—and suggestions for—the ESE of both women and men.
{"title":"Challenging What We Think We Know: Theory and Evidence for Questioning Common Beliefs About the Gender Gap in Entrepreneurial Confidence","authors":"Jennifer E. Jennings, Z. Rahman, Dianna Dempsey","doi":"10.1177/10422587221102108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587221102108","url":null,"abstract":"Skeptical of prevailing depictions and recommendations regarding the gender gap in entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE), our aim is to raise and examine alternative interpretations and inferences. We question the common belief that women are under-confident with respect to entrepreneurship and whether this is a “problem” that needs fixing. The findings from two distinct datasets indicate, instead, that women are as likely as men to possess accurate entrepreneurial confidence, which is less likely than over-confidence to be associated with proclivities potentially detrimental to business venturing. Our analysis therefore calls for revised portrayals of—and suggestions for—the ESE of both women and men.","PeriodicalId":48443,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice","volume":"49 1","pages":"369 - 397"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77825744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-09DOI: 10.1177/10422587221104820
U. Stephan, P. Zbierowski, Ana Pérez-Luño, Dominika Wach, Johan Wiklund, Marisleidy Alba Cabañas, E. Barki, Alexandre Benzari, C. Bernhard‐Oettel, Janet A. Boekhorst, Arobindu Dash, A. Efendic, Constanze Eib, P. Hanard, T. Iakovleva, Satoshi Kawakatsu, Saddam Khalid, Michael Leatherbee, Jun Li, S. Parker, Jingjing Qu, Francesco Rosati, S. Sahasranamam, Marcus A. Y. Salusse, Tomoki Sekiguchi, Nicola Thomas, O. Torrès, M. Tran, M. Ward, A. Williamson, Muhammad Mohsin Zahid
How can entrepreneurs protect their wellbeing during a crisis? Does engaging agility (namely, opportunity agility and planning agility) in response to adversity help entrepreneurs safeguard their wellbeing? Activated by adversity, agility may function as a specific resilience mechanism enabling positive adaption to crisis. We studied 3162 entrepreneurs from 20 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic and found that more severe national lockdowns enhanced firm-level adversity for entrepreneurs and diminished their wellbeing. Moreover, entrepreneurs who combined opportunity agility with planning agility experienced higher wellbeing but planning agility alone lowered wellbeing. Entrepreneur agility offers a new agentic perspective to research on entrepreneur wellbeing.
{"title":"Act or Wait-and-See? Adversity, Agility, and Entrepreneur Wellbeing across Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"U. Stephan, P. Zbierowski, Ana Pérez-Luño, Dominika Wach, Johan Wiklund, Marisleidy Alba Cabañas, E. Barki, Alexandre Benzari, C. Bernhard‐Oettel, Janet A. Boekhorst, Arobindu Dash, A. Efendic, Constanze Eib, P. Hanard, T. Iakovleva, Satoshi Kawakatsu, Saddam Khalid, Michael Leatherbee, Jun Li, S. Parker, Jingjing Qu, Francesco Rosati, S. Sahasranamam, Marcus A. Y. Salusse, Tomoki Sekiguchi, Nicola Thomas, O. Torrès, M. Tran, M. Ward, A. Williamson, Muhammad Mohsin Zahid","doi":"10.1177/10422587221104820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587221104820","url":null,"abstract":"How can entrepreneurs protect their wellbeing during a crisis? Does engaging agility (namely, opportunity agility and planning agility) in response to adversity help entrepreneurs safeguard their wellbeing? Activated by adversity, agility may function as a specific resilience mechanism enabling positive adaption to crisis. We studied 3162 entrepreneurs from 20 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic and found that more severe national lockdowns enhanced firm-level adversity for entrepreneurs and diminished their wellbeing. Moreover, entrepreneurs who combined opportunity agility with planning agility experienced higher wellbeing but planning agility alone lowered wellbeing. Entrepreneur agility offers a new agentic perspective to research on entrepreneur wellbeing.","PeriodicalId":48443,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice","volume":"33 1","pages":"682 - 723"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78082296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-08DOI: 10.1177/10422587221102106
Marco Caliendo, D. Graeber, A. Kritikos, Johannes Seebauer
We investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-employed people’s mental health. Using representative longitudinal survey data from Germany, we reveal differential effects by gender: whereas self-employed women experienced a substantial deterioration in their mental health, self-employed men displayed no significant changes up to early 2021. Financial losses are important in explaining these differences. In addition, we find larger mental health responses among self-employed women who were directly affected by government-imposed restrictions and bore an increased childcare burden due to school and daycare closures. We also find that self-employed individuals who are more resilient coped better with the crisis.
{"title":"Pandemic Depression: COVID-19 and the Mental Health of the Self-Employed","authors":"Marco Caliendo, D. Graeber, A. Kritikos, Johannes Seebauer","doi":"10.1177/10422587221102106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587221102106","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-employed people’s mental health. Using representative longitudinal survey data from Germany, we reveal differential effects by gender: whereas self-employed women experienced a substantial deterioration in their mental health, self-employed men displayed no significant changes up to early 2021. Financial losses are important in explaining these differences. In addition, we find larger mental health responses among self-employed women who were directly affected by government-imposed restrictions and bore an increased childcare burden due to school and daycare closures. We also find that self-employed individuals who are more resilient coped better with the crisis.","PeriodicalId":48443,"journal":{"name":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice","volume":"110 1","pages":"788 - 830"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76332249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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