Using quasi-random variation from Facebook's entry to college campuses, I exploit a natural experiment to estimate the effect of online social network access on future earnings. I estimate that access to Facebook for an additional year in college causes a .62 percentile increase in a cohort's average earnings, translating to an average wage increase of around $970 in 2014, and decreases income inequality within a cohort. I provide indirect evidence that wage increases come through the channel of increased social ties between college alumni, strengthened employment networks, and increased match value between students' majors and later occupations.
{"title":"Online Social Network Effects in Labor Markets: Evidence from Facebook's Entry to College Campuses","authors":"Luis Armona","doi":"10.1162/rest_a_01354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_01354","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Using quasi-random variation from Facebook's entry to college campuses, I exploit a natural experiment to estimate the effect of online social network access on future earnings. I estimate that access to Facebook for an additional year in college causes a .62 percentile increase in a cohort's average earnings, translating to an average wage increase of around $970 in 2014, and decreases income inequality within a cohort. I provide indirect evidence that wage increases come through the channel of increased social ties between college alumni, strengthened employment networks, and increased match value between students' majors and later occupations.","PeriodicalId":48456,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Statistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45053237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.21686/2500-3925-2023-4-66-76
N. Kovalenko
The purpose of the study is to substantiate methodological approaches for conducting a statistical study of the structure of budget investments and their approbation at the level of the regions of the Russian Federation on the basis of an assessment of data available in official statistical and administrative records on indexes of the composition of budget investments, analyzing scientific papers devoted to the study of the structure of investments, identifying and systematizing signs of gradation of budget investments for development and analysis their complex structure. The methodological proposals formed were the basis for the application of methods of multidimensional statistical analysis of the distribution of the regions of the Russian Federation by indexes of the structure of budget investments to determine territorial differences in the implementation of state investment programs of socio-economic development.Materials and methods. The study used theoretical methods: analysis, synthesis, comparison of sources of information about budget investments, as well as mathematical and statistical research methods: structural and dynamic analysis, descriptive statistics, multidimensional grouping, cluster analysis.Results. Based on the analysis of regulatory and legal documentation, scientific literature on the research topic, author’s publications, a classification of indexes of the structure of budget investments was formed. The structural and dynamic analysis of the index “Investments in fixed assets by sources of financing” (in the total amount of funds, in comparison with budget funds, by levels of budget expenditures of investments in fixed assets: federal budget, funds from the budget of the regions of the Russian Federation, local budget) was carried out for 2005-2009 and 2013-2021. The variability of the share of expenditures from the federal and regional budgets is revealed, which may be related to the implementation of state regulation measures in the redistribution of investment resources at the federal and regional levels. Using the methods of descriptive statistics, multidimensional grouping, clustering, a comprehensive analysis of the statistical distribution of indexes of budget investments by regions for the period 2015-2021 is presented, resulting in four clusters, an assessment of qualitative differences in the structure of budget investments by selected clusters is given.Conclusion. In this paper, a methodological toolkit is proposed for a full-system representation of the composition of budget investments, provided with the capabilities of official statistical and administrative accounting and allowing organizing the totality of indexes of the structure of budget investments by territorial division, by sources of financing, by spending directions. The practical significance of the study consists in a proven assessment of the statistical distribution of indexes of the structure of budget investments by the share of budget inves
{"title":"Evaluation of the Statistical Distribution of Indexes of the Structure of Budget Investments","authors":"N. Kovalenko","doi":"10.21686/2500-3925-2023-4-66-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2023-4-66-76","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to substantiate methodological approaches for conducting a statistical study of the structure of budget investments and their approbation at the level of the regions of the Russian Federation on the basis of an assessment of data available in official statistical and administrative records on indexes of the composition of budget investments, analyzing scientific papers devoted to the study of the structure of investments, identifying and systematizing signs of gradation of budget investments for development and analysis their complex structure. The methodological proposals formed were the basis for the application of methods of multidimensional statistical analysis of the distribution of the regions of the Russian Federation by indexes of the structure of budget investments to determine territorial differences in the implementation of state investment programs of socio-economic development.Materials and methods. The study used theoretical methods: analysis, synthesis, comparison of sources of information about budget investments, as well as mathematical and statistical research methods: structural and dynamic analysis, descriptive statistics, multidimensional grouping, cluster analysis.Results. Based on the analysis of regulatory and legal documentation, scientific literature on the research topic, author’s publications, a classification of indexes of the structure of budget investments was formed. The structural and dynamic analysis of the index “Investments in fixed assets by sources of financing” (in the total amount of funds, in comparison with budget funds, by levels of budget expenditures of investments in fixed assets: federal budget, funds from the budget of the regions of the Russian Federation, local budget) was carried out for 2005-2009 and 2013-2021. The variability of the share of expenditures from the federal and regional budgets is revealed, which may be related to the implementation of state regulation measures in the redistribution of investment resources at the federal and regional levels. Using the methods of descriptive statistics, multidimensional grouping, clustering, a comprehensive analysis of the statistical distribution of indexes of budget investments by regions for the period 2015-2021 is presented, resulting in four clusters, an assessment of qualitative differences in the structure of budget investments by selected clusters is given.Conclusion. In this paper, a methodological toolkit is proposed for a full-system representation of the composition of budget investments, provided with the capabilities of official statistical and administrative accounting and allowing organizing the totality of indexes of the structure of budget investments by territorial division, by sources of financing, by spending directions. The practical significance of the study consists in a proven assessment of the statistical distribution of indexes of the structure of budget investments by the share of budget inves","PeriodicalId":48456,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Statistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80670917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.21686/2500-3925-2023-3-26-34
N. Y. Bystrova, I. Kurochkina, L. Mamatova, E. Shuvalova
The purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to determine the rating of production efficiency and breeding activity of regional farms, which expands the possibilities of improving the efficiency of the breeding livestock business and strengthens their role in ensuring food sovereignty in the context of import substitution and sanctions actions. The article continues the authors’ research on evaluating the effectiveness of domestic breeding farms. A statistically significant model for assessing the production efficiency and breeding activity of the relevant business has been developed, which makes it possible to determine the ratings of individual breeding farms and their totality using methods of multidimensional comparative analysis and calculation of synthetic indexes.Materials and methods. The taxonometric method was used as a statistical tool for the realization of the research goal, the advantage of which is that on its basis it is possible to trace the process of forming the final rating of breeding farms as a number of special characteristics - breeding activity and production efficiency that are consistently included in the consideration.Results. A statistically significant model for assessing production efficiency and breeding activity is proposed, as well as a methodology for its implementation on the example of breeding farms in the Yaroslavl region. A system of indexes has been formed that reveal the tribal activity and the economic efficiency of the use of tribal resources with their further detailing. A step-by-step algorithm for synthetic evaluation of the effectiveness of breeding activities, including four stages, has been developed.Conclusion. The author’s model of statistical evaluation of the production and tribal activity of the breeding business entities allows an objective assessment of the rating of an individual farm and is an accessible management analysis tool for making adequate decisions by management.
{"title":"On the Issue of Evaluating the Effectiveness of Breeding Tribal Resources","authors":"N. Y. Bystrova, I. Kurochkina, L. Mamatova, E. Shuvalova","doi":"10.21686/2500-3925-2023-3-26-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2023-3-26-34","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to determine the rating of production efficiency and breeding activity of regional farms, which expands the possibilities of improving the efficiency of the breeding livestock business and strengthens their role in ensuring food sovereignty in the context of import substitution and sanctions actions. The article continues the authors’ research on evaluating the effectiveness of domestic breeding farms. A statistically significant model for assessing the production efficiency and breeding activity of the relevant business has been developed, which makes it possible to determine the ratings of individual breeding farms and their totality using methods of multidimensional comparative analysis and calculation of synthetic indexes.Materials and methods. The taxonometric method was used as a statistical tool for the realization of the research goal, the advantage of which is that on its basis it is possible to trace the process of forming the final rating of breeding farms as a number of special characteristics - breeding activity and production efficiency that are consistently included in the consideration.Results. A statistically significant model for assessing production efficiency and breeding activity is proposed, as well as a methodology for its implementation on the example of breeding farms in the Yaroslavl region. A system of indexes has been formed that reveal the tribal activity and the economic efficiency of the use of tribal resources with their further detailing. A step-by-step algorithm for synthetic evaluation of the effectiveness of breeding activities, including four stages, has been developed.Conclusion. The author’s model of statistical evaluation of the production and tribal activity of the breeding business entities allows an objective assessment of the rating of an individual farm and is an accessible management analysis tool for making adequate decisions by management.","PeriodicalId":48456,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Statistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72992166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.21686/2500-3925-2023-3-46-55
L. Slutsky
The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of the modern transformation of international economic relations on the integration processes in the Eurasian Economic Union. In accordance with the designated goal, the objectives of the study are: 1. to identify current challenges and threats to Eurasian integration; 2. to assess the prospects for further development of the Eurasian Economic Union and the ability of the integration association to withstand these challenges in the new geopolitical realities.Materials and methods of research. In the process of preparing the article, data from international, interregional and national reports, analytical statistical materials, scientific works of Russian and foreign scientists were used. In the course of the work, statistical methods of analysis of economic phenomena were used, methods of logical and system analysis, dynamic, structural analysis of macroeconomic indexes, interregional analysis of data evaluation, as well as tabular methods of visualization of research results were used.Results. The article analyzes some macroeconomic indexes characterizing the current state and development of the economy of the Eurasian Economic Union as a whole and its member- countries. As a result of the conducted research, the main challenges of Eurasian integration were identified and the prospects and ability of the integration association to withstand these challenges in modern geopolitical conditions were assessed.Conclusion. Eurasian integration is a strategic choice for the Russian Federation, which determines one of the most important directions of development of Russia’s foreign policy. The integration process within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union has traditionally been accompanied by a number of contradictions, which, depending on many factors, may either intensify or weaken with the increase in global challenges and threats. That is why, at present, it is not possible to fully assess the prospects for further development of Eurasian integration. At the same time, despite the high probability of recession in the largest centers of the world economic system, the Eurasian Economic Union turned out to be one of the integration associations capable to some extent of resisting negative trends in world politics and the economy, and the member-countries of the Eurasian Economic Union managed not only to prevent a large-scale economic downturn, but also to ensure macroeconomic stability.
{"title":"Challenges and Prospects of Eurasian Integration in a Changing World","authors":"L. Slutsky","doi":"10.21686/2500-3925-2023-3-46-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2023-3-46-55","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of the modern transformation of international economic relations on the integration processes in the Eurasian Economic Union. In accordance with the designated goal, the objectives of the study are: 1. to identify current challenges and threats to Eurasian integration; 2. to assess the prospects for further development of the Eurasian Economic Union and the ability of the integration association to withstand these challenges in the new geopolitical realities.Materials and methods of research. In the process of preparing the article, data from international, interregional and national reports, analytical statistical materials, scientific works of Russian and foreign scientists were used. In the course of the work, statistical methods of analysis of economic phenomena were used, methods of logical and system analysis, dynamic, structural analysis of macroeconomic indexes, interregional analysis of data evaluation, as well as tabular methods of visualization of research results were used.Results. The article analyzes some macroeconomic indexes characterizing the current state and development of the economy of the Eurasian Economic Union as a whole and its member- countries. As a result of the conducted research, the main challenges of Eurasian integration were identified and the prospects and ability of the integration association to withstand these challenges in modern geopolitical conditions were assessed.Conclusion. Eurasian integration is a strategic choice for the Russian Federation, which determines one of the most important directions of development of Russia’s foreign policy. The integration process within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union has traditionally been accompanied by a number of contradictions, which, depending on many factors, may either intensify or weaken with the increase in global challenges and threats. That is why, at present, it is not possible to fully assess the prospects for further development of Eurasian integration. At the same time, despite the high probability of recession in the largest centers of the world economic system, the Eurasian Economic Union turned out to be one of the integration associations capable to some extent of resisting negative trends in world politics and the economy, and the member-countries of the Eurasian Economic Union managed not only to prevent a large-scale economic downturn, but also to ensure macroeconomic stability.","PeriodicalId":48456,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Statistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88544261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.21686/2500-3925-2023-3-14-25
D. Vlasov, P. Karasev, A. Sinchukov
The relevance of the study is due to the difficulties inherent in the selection of tools designed for effective project management in the financial sector, as well as the increasing competition in the financial services market. Within the framework of this article, the features of the choice of a project management tool in the financial sector based on the use of quantitative methods that make the decision-making process significantly more meaningful and effective are disclosed.The aim of the study is to develop elements of a methodology for quantitative analysis of alternative tools, including recommendations on the choice of alternatives and criteria for their analysis, as well as the complex use of various methods to justify the final choice of an instrument.The research materials and methods reflected in the methodology of quantitative analysis of alternative project management tools in the financial sphere, and implemented in the course of the research, are based on supplementing the results obtained through the use of the classical basic level method – the method of geometric averages by methods of advanced level decision theory – the method of eigenvalues and vectors, as well as the ideal point method. In order to comprehensively analyze the project implementation support systems on the market and their instrumental capabilities, a twostage methodology is proposed in the research process, including both qualitative and quantitative assessment of available alternatives. The formalized assessment of the functionality of the pre-selected tools made it possible to justify the choice of the most preferred alternative. Particular attention is paid to the issues of attracting additional information to reduce uncertainty in the considered choice situation. Results. The main result of the conducted research was the scheme of substantiation of the optimal choice of a tool includes the construction of a variety of alternatives – tools of domestic and foreign development, the construction of a variety of criteria and the attraction of additional information to form a hierarchy of criteria, as well as a consistent quantitative assessment of each selected alternative according to all the criteria under consideration. The constructed set of alternatives includes the tools of Jira Software, Asana, Bitrix24, Megaplan, GanttPro, YouGile and Planfix. The set of criteria is limited to the six most significant criteria: “Convenience of communication within the framework of the tool”; “Price of the tool”; “Level of complexity of the tool”; “Integration with external services”; “Functionality of the tool”; “Convenience and simplicity of the tool interface”. The presented system of criteria takes into account the main functional and instrumental characteristics necessary for systems to support the implementation of projects in the financial sector at the level of small and medium-sized businesses.Conclusion. The content of the article can be useful for improving
{"title":"Quantitative Methods of Selecting a Tool for Project Management in the Financial Sector","authors":"D. Vlasov, P. Karasev, A. Sinchukov","doi":"10.21686/2500-3925-2023-3-14-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2023-3-14-25","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the study is due to the difficulties inherent in the selection of tools designed for effective project management in the financial sector, as well as the increasing competition in the financial services market. Within the framework of this article, the features of the choice of a project management tool in the financial sector based on the use of quantitative methods that make the decision-making process significantly more meaningful and effective are disclosed.The aim of the study is to develop elements of a methodology for quantitative analysis of alternative tools, including recommendations on the choice of alternatives and criteria for their analysis, as well as the complex use of various methods to justify the final choice of an instrument.The research materials and methods reflected in the methodology of quantitative analysis of alternative project management tools in the financial sphere, and implemented in the course of the research, are based on supplementing the results obtained through the use of the classical basic level method – the method of geometric averages by methods of advanced level decision theory – the method of eigenvalues and vectors, as well as the ideal point method. In order to comprehensively analyze the project implementation support systems on the market and their instrumental capabilities, a twostage methodology is proposed in the research process, including both qualitative and quantitative assessment of available alternatives. The formalized assessment of the functionality of the pre-selected tools made it possible to justify the choice of the most preferred alternative. Particular attention is paid to the issues of attracting additional information to reduce uncertainty in the considered choice situation. Results. The main result of the conducted research was the scheme of substantiation of the optimal choice of a tool includes the construction of a variety of alternatives – tools of domestic and foreign development, the construction of a variety of criteria and the attraction of additional information to form a hierarchy of criteria, as well as a consistent quantitative assessment of each selected alternative according to all the criteria under consideration. The constructed set of alternatives includes the tools of Jira Software, Asana, Bitrix24, Megaplan, GanttPro, YouGile and Planfix. The set of criteria is limited to the six most significant criteria: “Convenience of communication within the framework of the tool”; “Price of the tool”; “Level of complexity of the tool”; “Integration with external services”; “Functionality of the tool”; “Convenience and simplicity of the tool interface”. The presented system of criteria takes into account the main functional and instrumental characteristics necessary for systems to support the implementation of projects in the financial sector at the level of small and medium-sized businesses.Conclusion. The content of the article can be useful for improving ","PeriodicalId":48456,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Statistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81946013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.21686/2500-3925-2023-3-4-13
M. Bikeeva, E. Sysoeva
Purpose of the study. From 2018 to 2024 on the territory of the Russian Federation there are national projects in key areas of social policy. In 2025, it is planned to sum up the results of the implementation of these national projects. The presented study focuses on the intermediate results of the national project implementation “Demography”.The purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of the national project implementation “Demography” in the Volga Federal District as of 2021.Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study was the non-parametric method for evaluating the effectiveness of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). An input-oriented model was used to increase the inputs without changing the outputs. The target index for the implementation of the national project - the total birth rate - was used as a performance index. Indexes-factors are selected taking into account the possibility of a potential impact on fertility. Among them: general marriage rates; the level of employment of the population of working age; real monetary income of the population; consumer spending on average per capita per month; the number of families who received housing, premises and improved their living conditions during the year.The information base of the study is the data of the Federal State Statistics Service.Results. The regions of the Volga Federal District that are effective and inefficient in terms of achieving the target index for the implementation of the national project “Demography” are identified and their typology is carried out. The group of leading regions close to the implementation of the national project in full includes the Republic of Mari El, the Udmurt Republic and the Orenburg region. They act as benchmarks for other regions of the district in achieving the planned target index for the national project implementation. The group of “hybrid regions”, which includes seven entities, has the ability to ensure the execution of the national project by the end of its implementation period. Four “outsider regions” have the main problems in achieving the targets of the national project “Demography”, including the Republic of Mordovia, with an efficiency coefficient value of 0,742.
{"title":"DEA-Model for Evaluating the Effectiveness of the National Project Implementation “Demography” in the Territory of the Volga Federal District","authors":"M. Bikeeva, E. Sysoeva","doi":"10.21686/2500-3925-2023-3-4-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2023-3-4-13","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study. From 2018 to 2024 on the territory of the Russian Federation there are national projects in key areas of social policy. In 2025, it is planned to sum up the results of the implementation of these national projects. The presented study focuses on the intermediate results of the national project implementation “Demography”.The purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of the national project implementation “Demography” in the Volga Federal District as of 2021.Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study was the non-parametric method for evaluating the effectiveness of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). An input-oriented model was used to increase the inputs without changing the outputs. The target index for the implementation of the national project - the total birth rate - was used as a performance index. Indexes-factors are selected taking into account the possibility of a potential impact on fertility. Among them: general marriage rates; the level of employment of the population of working age; real monetary income of the population; consumer spending on average per capita per month; the number of families who received housing, premises and improved their living conditions during the year.The information base of the study is the data of the Federal State Statistics Service.Results. The regions of the Volga Federal District that are effective and inefficient in terms of achieving the target index for the implementation of the national project “Demography” are identified and their typology is carried out. The group of leading regions close to the implementation of the national project in full includes the Republic of Mari El, the Udmurt Republic and the Orenburg region. They act as benchmarks for other regions of the district in achieving the planned target index for the national project implementation. The group of “hybrid regions”, which includes seven entities, has the ability to ensure the execution of the national project by the end of its implementation period. Four “outsider regions” have the main problems in achieving the targets of the national project “Demography”, including the Republic of Mordovia, with an efficiency coefficient value of 0,742.","PeriodicalId":48456,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Statistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79233938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.21686/2500-3925-2023-3-67-84
V. Zavarukhin, T. Chinaeva, E. Churilova
The progressive economic development of countries in the modern world is based on the corresponding development of scientific and innovative activities. The paper analyzes the main indexes characterizing the state of scientific potential and indexes reflecting the effectiveness of scientific activity in 43 countries of the world, including Russia and China. Interrelations of indexes are revealed and regression equations describing the existing dependencies are constructed. Based on the obtained models, the results of scientific activity are estimated for two countries: Russia and China. The estimates are compared with the actual levels of indexes and conclusions are drawn about the effectiveness of the use of available scientific resources.Purpose of the study. The aim of the study was to identify homogeneous groups of regions that are similar in their economic and innovative indexes, statistical analysis of these groups based on non-parametric methods and methods of correlation and regression analysis, and the formation of conclusions and recommendations regarding their innovative activities.Materials and methods. The following statistical methods were used in the study: non-parametric, correlation-regression, multivariate classifications (cluster analysis), discriminant analysis, descriptive statistics (averages, structural averages, variation indexes, etc.). The work used the statistical data of the World Bank, OECD, Rosstat. The calculations were carried out using the STATISTICA 12.0 software package.Results. The paper classifies countries according to the level of scientific potential and scientific performance. The cluster affiliation of Russia is determined. The search for a circle of countries that have similar conditions of scientific potential with Russia for further use of the experience of these countries is one of the goals of the paper. As a result of the analysis, it can be noted that the inventive activity of the Russian population is quite high, at the same time, the scientific potential in relation to scientific publications is used extremely poorly. In China, high levels of inventive activity and average citation of scientific publications can be noted. The number of patents granted, taken as a whole, has a strong linear relationship with GDP per capita and a strong non-linear relationship with domestic spending on research and development as a percentage of GDP and the number of people employed in research and development per 10,000 employed in the economy. By cluster groups, the listed dependencies were not found in the developed countries included in the first cluster, but were confirmed for the other of the countries.Conclusion. An analysis of the inventive activity of the Russian population showed that, with the existing scientific potential, the country managed to achieve much better results in this area than it could be based on the values of per capita GDP, research and development costs, the number of personnel, etc. (
{"title":"Comparative Cross-Country Analysis of the Development Level of Scientific and Innovative Activity","authors":"V. Zavarukhin, T. Chinaeva, E. Churilova","doi":"10.21686/2500-3925-2023-3-67-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2023-3-67-84","url":null,"abstract":"The progressive economic development of countries in the modern world is based on the corresponding development of scientific and innovative activities. The paper analyzes the main indexes characterizing the state of scientific potential and indexes reflecting the effectiveness of scientific activity in 43 countries of the world, including Russia and China. Interrelations of indexes are revealed and regression equations describing the existing dependencies are constructed. Based on the obtained models, the results of scientific activity are estimated for two countries: Russia and China. The estimates are compared with the actual levels of indexes and conclusions are drawn about the effectiveness of the use of available scientific resources.Purpose of the study. The aim of the study was to identify homogeneous groups of regions that are similar in their economic and innovative indexes, statistical analysis of these groups based on non-parametric methods and methods of correlation and regression analysis, and the formation of conclusions and recommendations regarding their innovative activities.Materials and methods. The following statistical methods were used in the study: non-parametric, correlation-regression, multivariate classifications (cluster analysis), discriminant analysis, descriptive statistics (averages, structural averages, variation indexes, etc.). The work used the statistical data of the World Bank, OECD, Rosstat. The calculations were carried out using the STATISTICA 12.0 software package.Results. The paper classifies countries according to the level of scientific potential and scientific performance. The cluster affiliation of Russia is determined. The search for a circle of countries that have similar conditions of scientific potential with Russia for further use of the experience of these countries is one of the goals of the paper. As a result of the analysis, it can be noted that the inventive activity of the Russian population is quite high, at the same time, the scientific potential in relation to scientific publications is used extremely poorly. In China, high levels of inventive activity and average citation of scientific publications can be noted. The number of patents granted, taken as a whole, has a strong linear relationship with GDP per capita and a strong non-linear relationship with domestic spending on research and development as a percentage of GDP and the number of people employed in research and development per 10,000 employed in the economy. By cluster groups, the listed dependencies were not found in the developed countries included in the first cluster, but were confirmed for the other of the countries.Conclusion. An analysis of the inventive activity of the Russian population showed that, with the existing scientific potential, the country managed to achieve much better results in this area than it could be based on the values of per capita GDP, research and development costs, the number of personnel, etc. (","PeriodicalId":48456,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Statistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74031145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.21686/2500-3925-2023-3-56-66
L. Zolotova, L. V. Portnova
The labor market in Russia and its regions operates in an unstable socio-economic situation, which can contribute to the emergence of gender disproportion. The study of gender asymmetry is considered the most popular direction during periods of “economic shocks”, since this kind of instability increases the inequality of men and women in various spheres of life. The state of turbulence in which the labor market of Russia as a whole and each of its regions is located contributes to the adaptation of each of its segments to new forms of work. This study examines the results of an analysis of the structure and trends in the dynamics of indexes of employment and unemployment of the male and female population in the Orenburg region for 2016-2021. The choice of the time frame is justified by the uneven development of both the world and the Russian economy. Modern economic realities, in which the labor market exists and develops as a country as a whole and its regions, experiencing a number of shocks, determine the scientific novelty of the issues under consideration.Purpose of the study. The main idea of the work done is the possibility of using the methods of economic and statistical analysis to study dynamic differences in gender structures according to various characteristics, development directions that determine gender asymmetry in the labor market of the Orenburg region, and predict its main indexes for the medium term.Materials and methods. The information base of the study was the statistical information of Orenburgstat, which characterizes gender asymmetry in the labor market of the Orenburg region. To achieve this goal, a set of methods of economic and statistical analysis was applied, including the calculation of indexes of the structure and structural differences, dynamics, identifying trends, forecasting, as well as presenting the results of the study using tables and figures.Results. According to the results of the study, an average portrait of a busy and carefree person by gender was compiled. The characteristics of the male and female population in the labor market of the Orenburg region in 2021 compared to 2016 are highlighted. The study of structural differences was carried out according to the criterion of V. Ryabtsev, during which it was noted that there were no significant changes in the structures of employed men and women. A significant level of differences characterizes the age structure of unemployed men and women in 2021 compared to 2016, as well as the structure of unemployed men by level of education.The study made it possible to assert that in the dynamics of indexes characterizing gender inequality in the labor market of the Orenburg region, unstable changes are observed. The study tested the hypothesis of the presence/absence of trends in the time series of indexes characterizing gender asymmetry in the labor market of the region. For this purpose, one of the modifications of the series criterion was used. The assumption
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Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.21686/2500-3925-2023-3-35-45
N. A. Vladimirov
Modern agro-industrial complex should combine both the most modern digital and innovative developments and traditional, time-tested agricultural technologies. It is an indisputable fact that without a labor force - people who are ready to work in rural areas, there will be no development of the agro-industrial complex. In 2021, the rural population in Russia decreased by 3.5% compared to 2015, while the working-age population in rural areas decreased by 4.6% over the same period. At the same time, the demand and consumption of agricultural products remains extremely high, so in 2021, compared to 2015, the consumption of meat and meat products in the Russian Federation increased by 6.8%, fruits and berries by 5.0%, milk by 3,4%, eggs by 2.9%, vegetables and melons by 2.0%. The relevance of the topic is confirmed by a set of measures developed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, which are aimed at improving the living standards of rural citizens and combating the so-called “village crisis”. For these purposes, on May 31, 2019, the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 696 approved the program “Integrated Development of Rural Territories”. It implies not only the preservation of the rural population and the improvement of the life of rural citizens, but also the increase in the efficiency of traditional agriculture and the development of modern industries in rural areas.Purpose of the study. In the context of sanctions pressure and unpredictable consequences for the Russian economy, the state and domestic agrarians should take special responsibility for the stability of the agro-industrial sector. In this regard, it is necessary to prevent possible risks for the industry at an early stage and assess the possibilities for its development in the regional context. The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of the development of rural areas on the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation. It is necessary to determine the differentiation of Russian regions in terms of the level of development of rural areas and assess the impact of their development on the agro-industrial complex.Materials and methods. The source of data for the study is data from the Russian Population Census (2010 and 2020), the Agricultural Micro-Census 2021, and Sample Survey of the Labor Force for 2010-2021. These data allow us to draw conclusions about the state of rural areas, the level of their development and determine the potential of the agro-industrial complex of the region. In addition, the paper differentiates the regions of Russia, using the method of hierarchical clustering, according to the level of development of rural areas with a linkage to the development of the agro-industrial complex of the region.Results. The results obtained based on the data of the Russian Population Census 2020 on the share of rural settlements with a population of less than 10 people indicate that in the European territory of Russia the sha
{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Rural Development for the Agro-Industrial Complex of the Russian Federation","authors":"N. A. Vladimirov","doi":"10.21686/2500-3925-2023-3-35-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2023-3-35-45","url":null,"abstract":"Modern agro-industrial complex should combine both the most modern digital and innovative developments and traditional, time-tested agricultural technologies. It is an indisputable fact that without a labor force - people who are ready to work in rural areas, there will be no development of the agro-industrial complex. In 2021, the rural population in Russia decreased by 3.5% compared to 2015, while the working-age population in rural areas decreased by 4.6% over the same period. At the same time, the demand and consumption of agricultural products remains extremely high, so in 2021, compared to 2015, the consumption of meat and meat products in the Russian Federation increased by 6.8%, fruits and berries by 5.0%, milk by 3,4%, eggs by 2.9%, vegetables and melons by 2.0%. The relevance of the topic is confirmed by a set of measures developed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, which are aimed at improving the living standards of rural citizens and combating the so-called “village crisis”. For these purposes, on May 31, 2019, the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 696 approved the program “Integrated Development of Rural Territories”. It implies not only the preservation of the rural population and the improvement of the life of rural citizens, but also the increase in the efficiency of traditional agriculture and the development of modern industries in rural areas.Purpose of the study. In the context of sanctions pressure and unpredictable consequences for the Russian economy, the state and domestic agrarians should take special responsibility for the stability of the agro-industrial sector. In this regard, it is necessary to prevent possible risks for the industry at an early stage and assess the possibilities for its development in the regional context. The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of the development of rural areas on the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation. It is necessary to determine the differentiation of Russian regions in terms of the level of development of rural areas and assess the impact of their development on the agro-industrial complex.Materials and methods. The source of data for the study is data from the Russian Population Census (2010 and 2020), the Agricultural Micro-Census 2021, and Sample Survey of the Labor Force for 2010-2021. These data allow us to draw conclusions about the state of rural areas, the level of their development and determine the potential of the agro-industrial complex of the region. In addition, the paper differentiates the regions of Russia, using the method of hierarchical clustering, according to the level of development of rural areas with a linkage to the development of the agro-industrial complex of the region.Results. The results obtained based on the data of the Russian Population Census 2020 on the share of rural settlements with a population of less than 10 people indicate that in the European territory of Russia the sha","PeriodicalId":48456,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Statistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78436682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We show that downsizing has substantial negative effects on the health of workers who remain in the firm. We study mass layoff (ML) survivors in Austria, using workers who survive a ML themselves, but a few years in the future, as a control group. Based on high-quality administrative data, we find evidence that downsizing has persistent effects on mental and physical health, and that these effects can be explained by workers fearing for their own jobs. We also show that health effects due to downsizing imply non-negligible costs for firms.
{"title":"The Health Effects of Downsizing Survival","authors":"Alexander Ahammer, Dominik Grübl, R. Winter‐Ebmer","doi":"10.1162/rest_a_01338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_01338","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We show that downsizing has substantial negative effects on the health of workers who remain in the firm. We study mass layoff (ML) survivors in Austria, using workers who survive a ML themselves, but a few years in the future, as a control group. Based on high-quality administrative data, we find evidence that downsizing has persistent effects on mental and physical health, and that these effects can be explained by workers fearing for their own jobs. We also show that health effects due to downsizing imply non-negligible costs for firms.","PeriodicalId":48456,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Statistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41332214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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