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Knowledge ecosystem emergence: Organizing participation, identity, and actorhood to bridge the governance void 知识生态系统的出现:组织参与、身份和行为来填补治理空白
IF 8 1区 管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105365
Ermal Hetemi , Paavo Ritala , Anna Jerbrant
Multi-organizational collaborations involving the industry, academia, and government have become prevalent in developing knowledge to address complex societal problems. These fluid and loosely coupled forms of collaboration, known as knowledge ecosystems, provide the necessary organizing elements for the search and creation of new knowledge. While the literature acknowledges the prevalence of knowledge ecosystems, it remains relatively silent on how their organization develops over time. This lacuna in our understanding is problematic, given the challenge of governance voids for cross-sectoral knowledge collaborations, which lead to difficulties in mobilizing action, securing resources, and ultimately achieving the knowledge-related goals of these collaborations. To address this gap, we theorize knowledge ecosystems as meta-organizations, examining how they gradually develop organizing elements that bridge the initial governance void. Empirically, we draw on an in-depth field case study of the High-Capacity Transport ecosystem in Sweden, demonstrating how three interrelated organizational elements—participation, identity, and actorhood—emerge through an iterative, yet broadly sequential process to resolve governance void challenges in resourcing, belonging, and collective action. Furthermore, we identify discursive and performative meta-organizational practices that enable the actors to collectively enact the aforementioned organizational elements and to engage in knowledge search. We further demonstrate how the organization of knowledge ecosystems is never ‘complete’ and the governance void remains only partially resolved, given the underdefined nature of new knowledge as the ecosystem's shared goal. Overall, our process model contributes to the theory, practice, and policy of knowledge ecosystem emergence and organizing.
涉及工业界、学术界和政府的多组织合作在开发解决复杂社会问题的知识方面已经变得普遍。这些流动和松散耦合的协作形式被称为知识生态系统,为搜索和创造新知识提供了必要的组织元素。虽然文献承认知识生态系统的普遍存在,但对于他们的组织如何随着时间的推移而发展却保持相对沉默。考虑到跨部门知识合作的治理空白的挑战,我们理解上的这一空白是有问题的,这导致动员行动、获取资源以及最终实现这些合作的知识相关目标方面的困难。为了解决这一差距,我们将知识生态系统理论化为元组织,研究它们如何逐渐发展出弥补最初治理空白的组织元素。在经验上,我们借鉴了瑞典高容量运输生态系统的深入实地案例研究,展示了三个相互关联的组织要素——参与、身份和行为——如何通过一个迭代的、但广泛顺序的过程出现,以解决资源、归属和集体行动方面的治理空白挑战。此外,我们确定了话语性和表演性元组织实践,使参与者能够共同制定上述组织要素并参与知识搜索。我们进一步证明了知识生态系统的组织从来都不是“完整的”,并且由于新知识作为生态系统的共同目标的不明确性质,治理空白仍然只是部分解决。总体而言,我们的过程模型有助于知识生态系统产生和组织的理论、实践和政策。
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引用次数: 0
How transparency shapes tax policy effectiveness: Evidence from cryptocurrency markets 透明度如何影响税收政策的有效性:来自加密货币市场的证据
IF 8 1区 管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105363
Lin William Cong , Vicki Wei Tang , Tony Qingquan Zhang
We investigate how transparency—crypto exchanges' verification of trader identities through Know-Your-Customer (KYC) and their transmission of trader and transaction data to tax authorities—shapes the effectiveness of tax policies in cryptocurrency markets. Using regulatory events and cross-exchange price variation, we provide initial global evidence that transparency amplifies the capitalization of statutory crypto-tax liabilities into prices. In the United States, Bitcoin prices on exchanges subject to new tax reporting obligations fall by an average of 0.34 % following announcements that raise expectations of information transmission, even without changes in statutory tax liabilities. Across jurisdictions, price declines are significantly larger where reporting systems are more transparent, and in cross-sectional analysis, exchanges that both enforce KYC and transmit information show the strongest price sensitivity to local tax liabilities, particularly where capital controls constrain arbitrage. These findings reveal a transparency–privacy trade-off unique to crypto markets and demonstrate how digital assets provide rare opportunities to test classic tax-capitalization theories under conditions of anonymity and regulatory heterogeneity, with implications for the design of effective tax policies.
我们研究了透明度——加密交易所通过了解您的客户(KYC)验证交易者身份,并将交易者和交易数据传输给税务机关——如何影响加密货币市场税收政策的有效性。利用监管事件和交叉交易所价格变化,我们提供了初步的全球证据,证明透明度将法定加密税负债的资本化放大为价格。在美国,在宣布提高信息传输预期后,受新税收报告义务约束的交易所的比特币价格平均下降0.34%,即使法定税收义务没有变化。在各个司法管辖区,报告系统更透明的地方,价格下跌幅度要大得多,在横断面分析中,既执行KYC又传输信息的交易所对当地税收负债表现出最强的价格敏感性,特别是在资本管制限制套利的地方。这些发现揭示了加密市场特有的透明度-隐私权衡,并展示了数字资产如何在匿名和监管异质性的条件下提供难得的机会来测试经典的税收资本化理论,从而对有效税收政策的设计产生影响。
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引用次数: 0
Does market engagement in public procurement foster innovation? Results from a Pan-European survey 公共采购的市场参与能促进创新吗?这是泛欧调查的结果
IF 8 1区 管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105372
Pelle Berkhout , Anne Rainville , Matthijs Janssen , Koen Frenken
Market engagement during tender preparation is assumed to positively impact innovation in public procurement, as it facilitates demand articulation and interactive learning between procurers and potential suppliers. At the same time, early-stage market engagement is found to be comparatively underused in the European Union (EU). This makes it all the more important to obtain a better understanding of whether and how market engagement fosters innovation. Differentiating between static versus dynamic and one-to-one versus group-based engagement formats, this paper examines the extent to which deploying distinct formats and engaging different actor types influence learning and innovation in public procurement. We employ structural equation modeling to examine a mediation model, in which we hypothesize that market engagement informs suppliers about upcoming opportunities, thereby directly affecting innovative bids. We also hypothesize that procurers will learn from market engagement activities and adapt the tender and procurement process accordingly, which might lead indirectly to innovation. To assess this model, we use data (N = 1613) collected through a survey disseminated among procurers with a project tendered on the EU's tender platform Tender Electronics Daily in 2022. We find that distinct market engagement formats have diverse and sometimes adverse effects on innovation. This demonstrates that market engagement is not a singular practice, nor always advisable. We also find that interactive learning is essential for market engagement to positively impact innovation. Innovation-enhancing procurement practice thus requires that procuring entities orient their interactions around explicit learning objectives and select market engagement formats that are congruent with these aims.
投标准备过程中的市场参与被认为对公共采购的创新有积极影响,因为它促进了需求表达和采购方与潜在供应商之间的互动学习。与此同时,在欧盟(EU),发现早期市场参与的利用相对不足。这使得更好地了解市场参与是否以及如何促进创新变得更加重要。本文区分了静态与动态、一对一与基于群体的参与形式,考察了部署不同的形式和参与不同行为体类型对公共采购学习和创新的影响程度。我们采用结构方程模型来检验中介模型,在该模型中,我们假设市场参与告知供应商即将到来的机会,从而直接影响创新投标。我们还假设,采购方将从市场参与活动中学习,并相应地调整招标和采购过程,这可能间接导致创新。为了评估这一模型,我们使用了一项调查收集的数据(N = 1613),该调查是在2022年在欧盟招标平台《投标电子日报》(tender Electronics Daily)上招标的项目的采购商中传播的。我们发现,不同的市场参与形式对创新有不同的影响,有时甚至是不利的影响。这表明,市场参与不是一种单一的做法,也不总是可取的。我们还发现,互动学习对于市场参与积极影响创新至关重要。因此,促进创新的采购实践要求采购实体围绕明确的学习目标进行互动,并选择与这些目标一致的市场参与形式。
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引用次数: 0
Knowledge spillover of innovation: Entrepreneurial difference 创新的知识溢出:企业家差异
IF 8 1区 管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105362
David B. Audretsch , Maksim Belitski
This paper extends the knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship and innovation to explain how firms of different ages (startups vs. incumbents) and sizes (small vs. medium/large) benefit differently from external knowledge collaboration. Drawing on the distinction between active (formal) and passive (informal) spillovers, we examine how the intensity of knowledge collaboration influences two key innovation outcomes: product innovation and new market entry. Using a panel dataset of 27,685 UK firms (2005–2015), we show that the gains from knowledge spillovers for all types of firms are subject to diminishing marginal returns as collaboration intensity increases, while the findings between startups and incumbents are more nuanced than between small and medium/large firms. The benefits from knowledge spillover of innovation vary by knowledge spillover type, intensity, and mode of engagement, as well as innovation outcome. These findings refine the knowledge spillover theory by emphasizing the importance of firm age over size (entrepreneurial difference) in moderating innovation outcomes.
本文扩展了创业与创新的知识溢出理论,以解释不同年龄(初创企业与老牌企业)和规模(小型企业与中型/大型企业)的企业如何从外部知识协作中获益不同。利用主动(正式)和被动(非正式)溢出之间的区别,我们研究了知识协作的强度如何影响两个关键的创新结果:产品创新和新市场进入。使用27,685家英国公司(2005-2015)的面板数据集,我们表明,随着合作强度的增加,所有类型公司的知识溢出收益都受到边际收益递减的影响,而创业公司和现有公司之间的发现比中小型/大型公司之间的发现更为微妙。创新知识溢出的收益因知识溢出的类型、强度、参与方式以及创新成果而异。这些发现通过强调企业年龄比规模(企业家差异)在调节创新结果方面的重要性,完善了知识溢出理论。
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引用次数: 0
Risk in science: The socialization of risk-taking in early-career training 科学中的风险:早期职业培训中风险的社会化
IF 8 1区 管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105358
Sotaro SHIBAYAMA , Pauline MATTSSON , Anders BROSTRÖM
Science is a risky business, and risk-taking is a critical disposition for scientists. This study uses a combination of survey and bibliometric data to measure the degree of individual scientists' risk-taking and investigate its determinants. In particular, we focus on academic training as a critical arena for the socialization of risk-taking and examine whether and how risk-taking is transmitted from one generation to the next. Drawing on a sample of PhD students and their supervisors in life sciences in Sweden, we find that students' risk-taking is significantly associated with that of their supervisors, and that this association is stronger when supervisors provide more frequent mentoring. Importantly, the association persists for 10 years even after students leave the PhD affiliation and switch research topics. Approximately 25 % of the variance in students' risk-taking can be attributed to the variance in supervisors' risk-taking. We find other determinants of students' risk-taking such as funding conditions and previous work experiences. As endogeneity due to selection is a concern, we employ the propensity score matching technique and obtained consistent results. We also exploit cases in which a supervisor was replaced by another supervisor, showing that the longer the initial supervisor is in place, the stronger the association is with the initial supervisor's risk-taking and the weaker with that of their replacement. These findings suggest the critical role of early-career academic training in shaping scientists' risk-taking and passing down the disposition to the next generation.
科学是一项有风险的事业,而冒险对科学家来说是一种关键的性格。这项研究结合了调查和文献计量学数据来衡量个别科学家的冒险程度,并调查其决定因素。我们特别关注作为冒险行为社会化的关键舞台的学术培训,并研究冒险行为是否以及如何从一代传递到下一代。通过对瑞典生命科学专业博士生及其导师的样本分析,我们发现学生的冒险行为与其导师的冒险行为显著相关,并且当导师提供更频繁的指导时,这种关联更强。重要的是,即使在学生离开博士单位并转换研究课题后,该协会仍会持续10年。大约25%的学生冒险行为的差异可归因于导师冒险行为的差异。我们发现学生冒险的其他决定因素,如资助条件和以前的工作经验。由于考虑到选择的内生性,我们采用倾向得分匹配技术,得到了一致的结果。我们还利用了一名主管被另一名主管取代的案例,结果表明,最初的主管任职时间越长,与最初的主管的冒险行为的关联越强,与他们的继任者的冒险行为的关联越弱。这些发现表明,职业生涯早期的学术训练在塑造科学家的冒险精神和将这种性格传递给下一代方面发挥了关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
Pre-entry experience and the heterogeneity in startup performance: Evidence from the nascent artificial intelligence industry 入职前的经验和创业公司业绩的异质性:来自新兴人工智能行业的证据
IF 8 1区 管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105367
Aliasghar Bahoo-Torodi , Roberto Fontana , Franco Malerba
We examine the performance differences among startups in nascent industries, taking account of the distinct knowledge contexts from which they arise. Specifically, we investigate the effect of pre-entry experience on the performance of startups originating within the same industry (i.e. inside–industry spinouts) and those from related knowledge contexts along the value chain (i.e. outside–industry spinouts). Analyzing a novel dataset that includes all U.S. artificial intelligence industry startup entrants during the period 1980 to 2014, we find that inside–industry spinouts and outside–industry spinouts have comparable survival and successful exit rates, outperforming startups with no pre-entry experience related to AI. Exploring the heterogeneity among outside–industry spinouts, we also find that the higher survival rate of this category of entrants is driven by startups founded by individuals who previously worked for firms operating in upstream supplier industries. We discuss the implications of our findings for research on strategy and industry evolution.
我们研究了新兴行业中创业公司之间的绩效差异,并考虑了它们产生的不同知识背景。具体而言,我们研究了入职前经验对来自同一行业(即行业内分拆)和价值链上相关知识背景(即行业外分拆)的初创企业绩效的影响。我们分析了一个新的数据集,其中包括1980年至2014年期间所有进入美国人工智能行业的初创企业,我们发现,行业内和行业外的分拆企业的存活率和成功退出率相当,优于没有进入人工智能相关经验的初创企业。通过研究行业外衍生产品的异质性,我们还发现,这类进入者的较高存活率是由以前在上游供应商行业的公司工作过的个人创立的初创公司推动的。我们讨论了我们的发现对战略和产业演变研究的意义。
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引用次数: 0
Innovation grant (S)hopping: Unpacking SMEs' support choices between multiple potential funding sources 创新资助跳跃:分析中小企业在多种潜在资金来源之间的支持选择
IF 8 1区 管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105364
Siqiao Luan , Nola Hewitt-Dundas , Stephen Roper
In many national contexts, firms encounter a complex support landscape for research and development (R&D) and innovation, which includes national and local grant schemes. How do small and medium enterprises (SMEs) navigate these landscapes? What factors influence their decision-making processes and choices regarding funding applications? Understanding these processes is crucial for creating more effective and precisely targeted innovation support systems. Using frameworks for contingent and hedonic decision-making, we conceptualise how SMEs choose between different innovation funding options. Interview data indicate a strong experiential element in SMEs' decision-making. Decisions between alternative funding sources tend to be reactive and driven by intuition in emerging SMEs, more planned and hedonic in early-trading SMEs, and based on strategic and hedonic reasoning in mature, revenue-generating SMEs. The findings provide valuable insights into the dynamics of SMEs' innovation funding strategies and offer practical implications for designing funding programmes that meet the needs of SMEs at various stages of development.
在许多国家的情况下,公司遇到了复杂的研究与发展(R&;D)和创新支持环境,其中包括国家和地方赠款计划。中小企业如何应对这些局面?什么因素影响他们的决策过程和对资助申请的选择?了解这些过程对于创建更有效、更有针对性的创新支持系统至关重要。利用偶然性和享乐性决策框架,我们概念化了中小企业如何在不同的创新融资方案之间进行选择。访谈数据表明,经验因素对中小企业的决策有很强的影响。新兴中小企业在不同融资来源之间的决策往往是被动的,受直觉驱动,早期交易的中小企业更具计划性和享乐性,而成熟的、创收的中小企业则基于战略和享乐性推理。研究结果为中小企业创新资助策略的动态提供了宝贵的见解,并为设计满足中小企业不同发展阶段需求的资助计划提供了实际意义。
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引用次数: 0
Transformation of Global Science core–periphery structure towards a multi-polar horizon: The Rise of China and the Global South from 1980–2020 全球科学核心-边缘结构向多极视界的转变:1980-2020年中国崛起与全球南方
IF 8 1区 管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105370
Andrea Montaño Ramirez, Alexander M. Petersen
The global post-industrial shift has witnessed vast geo-political and technological transformations — but to what degree are they mirrored in the scientific enterprise? We examine the structure and dynamics of international collaboration networks from 1980 to 2020, which features the disruptive shift from the longstanding Anglophone duopoly to the multi-polar landscape of the 21st century. To this end, we develop a systematic framework for tracking core–periphery dynamics, which facilitates analyzing the structural factors underlying the ascendance of China and other global south nations. To provide a more granular perspective on the shifting geo-political role of the United States (US) within the global science system, we disaggregated cross-border publications by US states alongside other countries. Longitudinal analysis illustrates the global shift from Euro-American dominance to a multipolar system, with China emerging as a leader and facilitating the integration of its most active partners into the rich club of scientific production. This structural transformation has, nevertheless, altered the stability of longstanding systemic hierarchies and is reminiscent of the “Three-Body Problem” in dynamical systems theory, where the addition of massive poles reduces the system’s stability and predictability. Our findings also highlight the roles of overarching national (US) and transnational (European Union) innovation systems, and the expansive influence of large team science projects as two factors promoting global science integration. These insights provide a fresh perspective on the analysis of global science and its implications for national science policy development, offering strategies for global science countries to strengthen their positions in an increasingly integrated global science system.
全球后工业时代的转变见证了巨大的地缘政治和技术变革——但是它们在多大程度上反映在科学事业中?我们研究了从1980年到2020年国际合作网络的结构和动态,其特征是从长期的英语双寡头到21世纪的多极格局的破坏性转变。为此,我们开发了一个系统的框架来跟踪核心-外围动态,这有助于分析中国和其他全球南方国家优势背后的结构性因素。为了更细致地了解美国在全球科学体系中地缘政治角色的转变,我们将美国各州和其他国家的跨境出版物进行了分类。纵向分析表明,全球正从欧美主导向多极体系转变,中国正在成为领导者,并推动其最活跃的合作伙伴融入科学生产的富裕俱乐部。然而,这种结构转变改变了长期存在的系统等级的稳定性,让人想起动力系统理论中的“三体问题”,其中大量极点的增加降低了系统的稳定性和可预测性。我们的研究结果还强调了总体国家(美国)和跨国(欧盟)创新系统的作用,以及大型团队科学项目的广泛影响作为促进全球科学整合的两个因素。这些见解为分析全球科学及其对国家科学政策制定的影响提供了一个新的视角,为全球科学国家在日益一体化的全球科学体系中加强其地位提供了战略。
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引用次数: 0
Contextualizing policy mixes – A configurational study on rapid transitions 情境化策略混合——快速转变的配置研究
IF 8 1区 管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105359
Jouni K. Juntunen , Shah Rukh Shakeel
The policy mixes in sustainability transitions have been recognized as a central component in accelerating decarbonization. Policy mixes are embedded in a broader institutional and structural order involving technologies, infrastructures, markets, practices, and environmental conditions within socio-technical transitions. In this paper, we examine how various combinations of demand-pull policy mixes, and infrastructural, environmental, and market configurations result in either rapid or slow transitions. We draw on European heat pump diffusion as a novel innovation featuring very different diffusion levels within the continent. The analysis draws on a country-level data set of 20 European countries, and a configurational analysis using the fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) method. The policy mix measures for configurational analysis are constructed using data on sector specific policy instruments, taking in economic policies, regulatory policies, and mandatory and voluntary soft and systemic instruments. We complement the model with environmental conditions, infrastructure data on gas and heating networks, and market conditions. Three key findings emerged. First, we contextualize policy mixes to reveal how various configurations can lead to either rapid or slow transitions. Second, we contribute to the research on energy transitions by demonstrating the importance of infrastructural arrangements. Third, we make a methodological contribution by exemplifying how the two-step comparative case study method can separate slowly changing remote conditions and more rapidly evolving proximate conditions in studies on sustainability transitions. The results emphasize system-level environment and climate policy approaches that improve the cost competitiveness of clean technologies.
可持续转型中的政策组合已被认为是加速脱碳的核心组成部分。政策组合嵌入到更广泛的制度和结构秩序中,涉及社会技术转型中的技术、基础设施、市场、实践和环境条件。在本文中,我们研究了需求拉动政策组合的各种组合,以及基础设施、环境和市场配置如何导致快速或缓慢的转变。我们借鉴了欧洲热泵扩散作为一个新颖的创新,具有非常不同的扩散水平在大陆。该分析利用了20个欧洲国家的国家级数据集,并使用模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)方法进行了配置分析。用于配置分析的政策组合措施是利用特定部门政策工具的数据构建的,其中包括经济政策、监管政策以及强制性和自愿性软工具和系统性工具。我们用环境条件、天然气和供热网络的基础设施数据以及市场条件来补充模型。三个主要发现浮出水面。首先,我们将策略组合置于上下文中,以揭示各种配置如何导致快速或缓慢的转换。其次,我们通过展示基础设施安排的重要性,为能源转型的研究做出了贡献。第三,我们通过举例说明两步比较案例研究方法如何在可持续性转型研究中区分缓慢变化的远程条件和快速变化的近处条件,从而在方法上做出贡献。研究结果强调了提高清洁技术成本竞争力的系统级环境和气候政策方法。
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引用次数: 0
STEM employment resiliency during recessions: Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic 经济衰退期间STEM就业弹性:来自COVID-19大流行的证据
IF 8 1区 管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105361
James C. Davis , Holden A. Diethorn , Gerald R. Marschke , Andrew J. Wang
STEM occupational employment suffered smaller peak-to-trough percentage declines than non-STEM employment during both the Great Recession and COVID-19 recession, suggesting a relative resiliency of STEM employment during recessions in the digital age. We exploit the sudden peak-to-trough declines in STEM and non-STEM employment during the COVID-19 recession to measure STEM recession-resiliency during the pandemic, decomposing our difference-in-differences estimate into parts explained by various sources including differences in demographics, educational attainment, job tasks, remote work capability, industry, and STEM knowledge importance on the job. We find that STEM knowledge importance on the job explains the greatest share of STEM employment resiliency, and that workers in non-STEM occupations who nonetheless use STEM knowledge experienced higher employment rates during the pandemic. We show that R&D expenditures and employment also remained resilient, suggesting only a mild effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on innovative activity. Altogether, our findings suggest that increasing opportunities for STEM training — including outside the college-track — may help improve the employment resiliency of workers during future recessions.
在大衰退和2019冠状病毒病衰退期间,STEM职业就业从高峰到低谷的百分比降幅都小于非STEM职业就业,这表明STEM就业在数字时代的衰退中具有相对的弹性。我们利用2019冠状病毒病衰退期间STEM和非STEM就业从高峰到低谷的突然下降来衡量大流行期间STEM的衰退弹性,将我们的差异中差异估计分解为由各种来源解释的部分,包括人口统计学差异、受教育程度、工作任务、远程工作能力、行业和STEM知识对工作的重要性。我们发现,STEM知识对工作的重要性解释了STEM就业弹性的最大份额,而在非STEM职业中使用STEM知识的工人在大流行期间的就业率更高。研究表明,研发支出和就业也保持弹性,这表明COVID-19大流行对创新活动的影响很小。总之,我们的研究结果表明,增加STEM培训的机会——包括大学以外的培训——可能有助于提高工人在未来经济衰退中的就业弹性。
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引用次数: 0
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