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The living lab and the cursed catalyst: Navigating the legitimacy challenges of innovation intermediaries for sustainable innovation 活的实验室和被诅咒的催化剂:引导可持续创新的创新中介的合法性挑战
IF 8 1区 管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105403
Cylien Gibert , Quentin Plantec
Sustainability challenges, such as water resource management, increasingly demand frontier technologies and the coordination of diverse stakeholders. Living labs have surged globally—often backed by public funding—as pivotal intermediaries in these contexts. Although their effectiveness is debated, little attention has been paid to how they address the challenges of implementing sustainability-oriented innovations that leverage advanced science and engage multiple stakeholders. Focusing on the project level, where operational complexities are most apparent, we examine the ‘MOSIS’ initiative to enhance water management along the Senegal River using a science-based Earth Observation system. This project involves academia, industry, governments, international organisations, and a living lab. Recognised at CoP26 and considered by the World Bank for broader scaling, MOSIS exemplifies the integration of cutting-edge technologies and multi-stakeholder coordination. We identify three roles—technological expert, stakeholder orchestrator, and end-user empowerer—each corresponding to one dimension of legitimacy (instrumental, relational, and moral). When combined, these roles create synergies that endow the living lab with strong active legitimacy, but also trigger dis-synergies that obscure the categorical cues required for passive cognitive legitimacy. We term this predicament the “Cursed Catalyst”: a situation whereby an intermediary's success yields an unbalanced legitimacy portfolio that, unless proactively rebalanced by efforts to strengthen cognitive legitimacy, ultimately constrains its perceived impact on sustainable innovation and jeopardises its long-term survival. These findings have significant implications for research policy and funding bodies, which rely on living labs to accelerate the transfer of frontier science into real-world sustainability contexts.
可持续发展的挑战,如水资源管理,越来越需要前沿技术和不同利益相关者的协调。活体实验室在全球范围内激增——通常由公共资金支持——作为这些环境中的关键中介。尽管它们的有效性存在争议,但很少有人关注它们如何应对实施以可持续发展为导向的创新的挑战,这些创新利用了先进的科学并吸引了多个利益相关者。在项目层面上,操作复杂性最为明显,我们研究了“MOSIS”倡议,该倡议利用基于科学的地球观测系统加强塞内加尔河沿岸的水资源管理。这个项目涉及学术界、工业界、政府、国际组织和一个生活实验室。MOSIS在CoP26会议上得到认可,并被世界银行考虑扩大规模,它体现了尖端技术和多利益攸关方协调的融合。我们确定了三个角色——技术专家、利益相关者协调者和最终用户授权者——每个角色对应于合法性的一个维度(工具性、关系性和道德性)。当这些角色结合在一起时,就会产生协同作用,赋予生活实验室强大的主动合法性,但也会引发非协同作用,使被动认知合法性所需的分类线索变得模糊。我们将这种困境称为“被诅咒的催化剂”:在这种情况下,中介的成功产生了不平衡的合法性组合,除非通过努力加强认知合法性来主动重新平衡,否则最终会限制其对可持续创新的感知影响,并危及其长期生存。这些发现对研究政策和资助机构具有重要意义,它们依赖于生活实验室加速前沿科学向现实世界可持续性背景的转移。
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引用次数: 0
Timing is key: Navigating venture capital funding for science-based startups 时机是关键:引导风险资本为科技型初创企业融资
IF 8 1区 管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105402
Andrea Fosfuri , Jay Prakash Nagar
Science-based startups, which develop technologies at the frontier of scientific knowledge, play a crucial role in innovation ecosystems. However, despite their potential for groundbreaking innovation, these startups may face frictions in securing venture capital (VC) funding. This paper investigates whether science-based startups systematically take longer to secure VC funding compared to startups that are less rooted in science. We develop a formal model that highlights a misalignment between scientists, who often prioritize technological advancement, and VCs, who seek market validation. This misalignment is particularly relevant in early funding rounds, where startups have stronger outside options. Drawing on PitchBook data for startups founded between 1990 and 2015, we find that science-based startups often struggle to attract timely investment, which may limit their ability to scale and commercialize new technologies. This is reflected in a negative correlation between longer times to VC funding and subsequent startup performance.
在科学知识前沿开发技术的科技型创业公司在创新生态系统中发挥着至关重要的作用。然而,尽管这些初创公司具有突破性创新的潜力,但在获得风险投资(VC)融资方面可能会遇到摩擦。本文调查了以科学为基础的创业公司是否比那些不太以科学为基础的创业公司系统地需要更长的时间来获得风险投资。我们开发了一个正式的模型,突出了科学家之间的不一致,他们经常优先考虑技术进步,而风投则寻求市场验证。这种错位在早期融资中尤为重要,因为初创公司拥有更强的外部选择。根据PitchBook对1990年至2015年间成立的初创公司的数据,我们发现,以科学为基础的初创公司往往难以吸引到及时的投资,这可能会限制它们扩大规模和将新技术商业化的能力。这反映在较长的风险投资时间与随后的创业业绩之间的负相关关系上。
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引用次数: 0
Growing up but staying home: Patient equity investors and firm scale-up 成长但不出门:耐心的股权投资者和公司规模扩大
IF 8 1区 管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105405
Erez Maggor , Erez Aharon Marantz
Sustained and inclusive economic development is the product of mature firms, commonly referred to as scale-ups. While some studies suggest equity investors enable firm growth, others argue equity-backed startups are more likely to be acquired or relocate to more developed regions. To address this ambiguity, we examine the Israeli high-tech sector, where a growing number of startups are scaling up locally. Building on existing literature and exploratory interviews with industry members, we focus on how investors' business strategies and founders' characteristics shape startups' ability to scale up locally. We argue that local scale-up is most likely in cases where equity funds act as patient capital and invest in startups founded by experienced entrepreneurs or founders who are highly embedded within the local eco-system. Exponential competing risk models of the growth outcomes of 5689 Israeli high-tech firms established between 2005 and 2020 largely confirm our claims. We discuss how our results inform understanding of equity investors' impact on scale-up and public policies that can support more inclusive innovation ecosystems.
持续和包容性的经济发展是成熟企业的产物,通常被称为规模扩大。虽然一些研究表明,股权投资者推动了公司的增长,但也有研究认为,股权支持的初创公司更有可能被收购或搬迁到更发达的地区。为了解决这种模糊性,我们研究了以色列的高科技行业,越来越多的初创公司正在当地扩大规模。在现有文献和对行业成员的探索性访谈的基础上,我们关注投资者的商业策略和创始人的特征如何影响初创公司在当地的扩张能力。我们认为,在股票基金充当耐心资本并投资于由经验丰富的企业家或与当地生态系统高度相关的创始人创立的初创公司的情况下,本地规模扩大最有可能发生。2005 - 2020年间建立的5689家以色列高科技企业成长结果的指数竞争风险模型在很大程度上证实了我们的观点。我们讨论了我们的研究结果如何为理解股权投资者对扩大规模和支持更具包容性创新生态系统的公共政策的影响提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
Managing multi-stakeholder co-creation to address grand challenges: The role of paradox management capabilities 管理多涉众共同创造以应对重大挑战:悖论管理能力的角色
IF 8 1区 管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105408
Muthu De Silva , Federica Rossi , Caroline Paunov
Addressing Grand Challenges such as disruptive sustainability require transformative innovations and policy frameworks that enable coordinated, systemic, multi-stakeholder co-creation. Yet, we have limited understanding of the capabilities needed to manage the paradoxical tensions that arise in multi-stakeholder co-creation networks. We make an original contribution by using an evidence base composed of 30 co-creation initiatives from 21 countries and 3 transnational initiatives, developed to address challenges relating to the COVID-19 pandemic, a Grand Challenge characterized, exactly like disruptive sustainability, by large scale, complexity, and uncertainty. Our findings advance paradox theory by articulating six higher-order paradox-management capabilities needed to manage paradoxes relating to two levels of transformative innovation, project co-creation and programme co-creation. For each of these higher-order capabilities, we identify more specific routine capabilities that allow partners to manage these paradoxes to achieve swift and successful co-creation for disruptive sustainability. We provide implications for policy and practice.
应对颠覆性可持续性等重大挑战,需要变革性创新和政策框架,以实现协调、系统、多方利益相关者的共同创造。然而,对于管理多利益相关者共同创造网络中出现的矛盾紧张关系所需的能力,我们的理解有限。我们利用由来自21个国家的30个共同创造倡议和3个跨国倡议组成的证据库做出了原创性贡献,这些倡议旨在应对与COVID-19大流行相关的挑战,这是一项重大挑战,其特点与破坏性可持续性完全相同,具有大规模、复杂性和不确定性。我们的研究结果通过阐明六个高阶悖论管理能力来推进悖论理论,这些能力需要管理与变革创新(项目共同创造和项目共同创造)两个层面相关的悖论。对于每一种高阶能力,我们确定了更具体的常规能力,使合作伙伴能够管理这些矛盾,从而实现快速而成功的共同创造,从而实现破坏性的可持续性。我们为政策和实践提供了启示。
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引用次数: 0
Rethinking the Third Mission: Organizing dissonance in transformative universities 重新思考第三个使命:组织变革型大学中的不和谐
IF 8 1区 管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105394
Gesa Pflitsch , Max-Peter Menzel
Universities increasingly engage in sustainability transitions through Third Mission (TM) activities that confront “wicked” problems and conflicting value systems. In this paper, we develop a conceptual framework that explains how TM contributes to transformative change by placing value collisions at its analytical core. Drawing on Convention Theory, we distinguish two knowledge processes: equivalence-oriented processes that seek efficiency and alignment, and dissonance-oriented processes that deliberately engage divergent values. Crucially, we conceptualize dissonance not as a barrier but as a generative driver of transformation, making its organization a core task of transformative TM. Using this perspective, we assess which organizational forms and governance arrangements enable transformation by sustaining dissonance, identifying heterarchy and an intermediate space between academia and society as central. This delineation sets transformative universities apart from other models and yields far-reaching implications for TM-related policy mixes and impact assessment.
大学越来越多地通过第三使命(TM)活动参与可持续发展转型,这些活动面对“邪恶”的问题和相互冲突的价值体系。在本文中,我们开发了一个概念性框架,解释了TM如何通过将价值冲突置于其分析核心来促进变革。根据惯例理论,我们区分了两种知识过程:寻求效率和一致性的对等导向过程,以及故意采用不同价值观的不协调导向过程。至关重要的是,我们将不和谐概念化为一种障碍,而是转型的生成驱动因素,使其组织成为转型TM的核心任务。利用这一视角,我们评估了哪些组织形式和治理安排能够通过维持不和谐、确定层次结构和学术界与社会之间的中间空间为中心来实现转型。这种描述将变革性大学与其他模式区分开来,并对与tm相关的政策组合和影响评估产生深远的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Sex, science, and society 性、科学和社会
IF 8 1区 管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105400
Renée B. Adams , Jing Xu
We show that culture affects individuals’ participation in science. Using Scopus data on 3.7 million scientists worldwide, we document that women’s representation in science varies across fields and across countries, even within a field. Women’s representation in both STEM and Non-STEM fields is higher in more gender-equal countries and countries with greater academic freedom. Women’s representation is higher in fields with more inclusive cultures. We provide evidence for two channels through which culture affects representation: migration and productivity. For example, female scientists’ location choices appear to be more sensitive to country culture than those of male scientists. Our results highlight that individuals’ careers in science depend on social factors. Thus, a country’s capacity to engage in scientific research — critical for innovation and economic growth — also hinges on social factors.
我们表明,文化影响个人对科学的参与。利用Scopus全球370万科学家的数据,我们发现女性在科学领域的代表性在不同领域和国家之间存在差异,甚至在一个领域内也是如此。在性别更平等的国家和学术自由更大的国家,女性在STEM和非STEM领域的代表性更高。在包容性文化更强的领域,女性的代表性更高。我们为文化影响代表性的两个渠道提供了证据:移民和生产力。例如,女性科学家的地点选择似乎比男性科学家对国家文化更敏感。我们的研究结果强调,个人在科学领域的职业生涯取决于社会因素。因此,一个国家从事对创新和经济增长至关重要的科学研究的能力也取决于社会因素。
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引用次数: 0
Retrovation typology: Exploiting and exploring past knowledge for nostalgic and sustainable innovation 复古类型学:利用和探索过去的知识进行怀旧和可持续的创新
IF 8 1区 管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105406
I. De Noni , S. Blasi , E. Sabbadin
Retrovation, also known as retro-innovation, is an underexplored innovation process that has recently garnered increasing attention from researchers and companies. However, the literature is scarce and ambiguous, lacking a clear definition of the concept. Drawing on past knowledge, it is possible to give new life to updated products and technologies which can be re-diffused within specific cultural and market niches to originally develop nostalgic and sustainable solutions.
In this paper, based on a qualitative inductive study of different business projects applying past knowledge and adopting an entrepreneurial market-driven perspective, we propose an original typology of retrovation based on the market motivations behind the retrieval of the past knowledge (nostalgia versus sustainability) and the past knowledge reconfiguration process (exploitation versus exploration). While the market motivation can range from the most traditional driver of nostalgia to the emerging driver of sustainability, the reconfiguration process examines the extent to which companies must adapt past knowledge to make it suitable for modern markets. Through this framework, we contribute to the literature by identifying four distinct types of retrovation: revivification, reappropriation, revisitation, and regeneration. Finally, we suggest managerial implications to enable companies to better leverage the different types of retrovation.
Retrovation,也被称为复古创新,是一种未被充分探索的创新过程,最近引起了研究人员和公司越来越多的关注。然而,文献是稀缺和模糊的,缺乏一个明确的概念定义。利用过去的知识,可以为更新的产品和技术赋予新的生命,这些产品和技术可以在特定的文化和市场中重新传播,从而最初开发怀旧和可持续的解决方案。本文基于对不同商业项目的定性归纳研究,采用企业家市场驱动的视角,基于过去知识检索背后的市场动机(怀旧与可持续性)和过去知识重构过程(利用与探索),提出了一种原始的回溯类型。虽然市场动机的范围很广,从最传统的怀旧驱动因素到新兴的可持续性驱动因素,但重新配置过程考察的是,企业必须在多大程度上调整过去的知识,以使其适合现代市场。通过这个框架,我们通过确定四种不同类型的复古来为文献做出贡献:复兴,重新挪用,重新审视和再生。最后,我们提出了管理启示,使公司能够更好地利用不同类型的复古。
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引用次数: 0
Navigating sustainability paradoxes: Unveiling the dynamics of transformative change in the food industry 导航可持续性悖论:揭示食品工业变革的动力
IF 8 1区 管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105407
Nhat Strøm-Andersen , Julia Szulecka , Markus M. Bugge , Ellen-Marie Forsberg
The sustainability transitions literature suggests that individual firms struggle to move toward sustainability unless the broader socio-economic system also evolves. Despite firms' willingness to change, existing systemic challenges often impede their progress. This paper employs paradox theory to address this struggle and examines how firms balance economic and societal concerns in their transition from business thinking to sustainability thinking. Based on a qualitative case study of the food industry's collaboration initiatives on food waste reduction and prevention in Norway, the study identifies the systemic challenges and sustainability paradoxes that the industry faces. We find that the firms' efforts to reduce food waste collide with established food industry agreements, standards, business strategies, regulations, and agricultural policies, impeding a systemic and structural transformation of the industry. The paper discusses how the food industry may navigate these challenges collectively and draws implications for the sustainability transitions literature. Primarily, the conclusions signal a need for governance and incentive structures at the system level beyond the action space of individual firms, and secondarily, illustrate how such governance approaches to sustainability transitions are sector-specific and geographically embedded.
可持续性转型文献表明,除非更广泛的社会经济系统也在发展,否则个别公司很难走向可持续性。尽管企业愿意改变,但现有的系统性挑战往往阻碍了它们的进步。本文采用悖论理论来解决这一问题,并考察了企业如何在从商业思维向可持续性思维转变的过程中平衡经济和社会问题。基于对挪威食品行业在减少和预防食品浪费方面的合作举措的定性案例研究,该研究确定了该行业面临的系统性挑战和可持续性悖论。我们发现,企业减少食物浪费的努力与既定的食品行业协议、标准、商业战略、法规和农业政策相冲突,阻碍了行业的系统性和结构性转型。本文讨论了食品工业如何共同应对这些挑战,并为可持续性过渡文献提供了启示。首先,结论表明需要在个别公司的行动空间之外的系统层面建立治理和激励结构,其次,说明了这种可持续转型的治理方法如何具有部门特异性和地理嵌入性。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of publicly co-funded industry-science collaboration on scientific production 公共资助的产学研合作对科研成果的影响
IF 8 1区 管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105393
Paul Hünermund , Cindy Lopes-Bento , Maikel Pellens
Competitive industry-science collaboration programs encourage academic scientists to co-develop innovation projects with firms. These programs combine attributes of competitive research funding and science commercialization policies. Because they demand more time and effort than traditional science funding, and may push applicants toward projects with higher commercial potential, the question arises whether they come at the expense of scientific productivity or alter the direction of research. Using data from a large-scale, cross-country R&D policy, we find no evidence of negative impacts on science. On the contrary, our analysis shows an increase in joint scientific publications with industrial partners, while the overall direction of research remains unchanged.
竞争性的产学研合作项目鼓励学术科学家与企业共同开发创新项目。这些项目结合了竞争性研究资助和科学商业化政策的特点。因为它们比传统的科学资助需要更多的时间和精力,并且可能会把申请人推向具有更高商业潜力的项目,所以问题出现了,它们是以牺牲科学生产力还是改变研究方向为代价的。使用来自大规模、跨国研发政策的数据,我们没有发现对科学产生负面影响的证据。相反,我们的分析显示,与工业伙伴联合发表的科学出版物有所增加,而研究的总体方向保持不变。
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引用次数: 0
Neighborhood clusters and citywide technological diversification 社区集群和全市技术多样化
IF 8 1区 管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105397
Ziyu Chen , Xiaohu Zhang , Frank van der Wouden
The clustering of economic activities is widely considered to be a key driver of economic competitiveness. However, little is known how technological activities are clustered within cities and how such neighborhood concentration is associated with citywide technological diversification, as the existing literature tends to treat cities as homogenous units, neglecting their neighborhood dynamics and heterogeneity. To fill this gap, we develop a novel measurement framework to identify neighborhood-level technology clusters within 260 Chinese cities, using 16 million geo-coded patents from 2003 to 2018. We then link this neighborhood-level clustering measure with the rate, direction, and complexity of citywide diversification in patenting activities. We measure technological diversification as the entry of a new revealed comparative advantage in a city's patenting portfolio and find that neighborhood-level clusters (1) contribute to an increasing rate of diversification at the city level; (2) channel diversification toward technologies related to existing specializations; (3) are associated with more complex diversification. Our results suggest that zooming in on the micro-dynamics of tech clusters provides a more nuanced view of their advantages than is typically assumed.
经济活动的集聚被广泛认为是经济竞争力的关键驱动力。然而,由于现有文献倾向于将城市视为同质单位,忽视了其邻里动态和异质性,技术活动如何在城市内聚集以及这种邻里集中如何与全市范围的技术多样化相关联,我们知之甚少。为了填补这一空白,我们开发了一个新的测量框架,利用2003年至2018年的1600万项地理编码专利,在中国260个城市中识别邻里级技术集群。然后,我们将这种邻里级别的聚类度量与全市专利活动多样化的速度、方向和复杂性联系起来。我们将技术多元化作为一个城市专利组合中新的显性比较优势的进入来衡量,发现街区级集群(1)促进了城市水平上的多样化率的增加;(2)向与现有专业化相关的技术渠道多元化;(3)与更复杂的多样化相关。我们的研究结果表明,放大技术集群的微观动态,可以比通常假设的更细致地了解它们的优势。
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引用次数: 0
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