Research Policy最新文献_第6页

The impact of digital trade rules on firms' international joint patent applications 数字贸易规则对企业国际联合专利申请的影响

IF 8 1区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Research Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105366

Bin Liu , Chunmiao Liu , Chuanchuan Li , Xiao Chen

International joint patent applications, a means of legal protection for co-developed technologies by firms from different countries, are being affected by the emerging digital trade rules. We use data on firms' joint patent applications with foreign partners from the Bureau van Dijk Orbis Intellectual Property database to investigate the impact of digital trade rules on international joint patent applications at the firm level. Our empirical result suggests that digital trade rules included within preferential trade agreements significantly promote local firms' international joint patent applications. This result holds after a series of endogeneity tests and robustness checks. In addition, we find that the promotion effect is heterogeneous across the types of provisions, the digital intensity of sectors, the geographical contiguity between countries and the types of collaboration entities. Moreover, we demonstrate that digital trade rules promote firms' international joint patent applications through a critical mechanism that digital regulatory differences between countries are reduced. Furthermore, we find that digital trade rules increase the breadth, depth, and quality of firms' international joint patent applications. Overall, our study enriches the understanding of the effects of digital trade rules and sheds light on the factors that influence firms' international joint patent applications.

国际联合专利申请是不同国家的公司对共同开发的技术进行法律保护的一种手段，它正受到新兴数字贸易规则的影响。我们使用来自Bureau van Dijk Orbis知识产权数据库的企业与外国合作伙伴的联合专利申请数据，从企业层面调查数字贸易规则对国际联合专利申请的影响。实证结果表明，优惠贸易协定中包含的数字贸易规则显著促进了本地企业的国际联合专利申请。经过一系列的内生性检验和鲁棒性检验，这一结果成立。此外，我们发现，在规定类型、部门的数字强度、国家之间的地理邻近性和合作实体类型之间，促进效应是异质的。此外，我们证明了数字贸易规则通过减少国家之间数字监管差异的关键机制促进了企业的国际联合专利申请。此外，我们发现数字贸易规则增加了企业国际联合专利申请的广度、深度和质量。总体而言，我们的研究丰富了对数字贸易规则影响的理解，并揭示了影响企业国际联合专利申请的因素。

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引用次数: 0

Do mission-oriented grant schemes shape the direction of science? 以任务为导向的资助计划会影响科学的发展方向吗？

IF 8 1区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Research Policy

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105360

Raffaele Mancuso , Anders Broström

A growing body of literature has examined how applying for and winning competitive project grants affects the career trajectory of scientists in terms of productivity, quality, social networks, and knowledge. However, the role of grant schemes in shaping the direction of scientific inquiry remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigate how the research of grant recipients, rejected applicants, and a set of comparable non-applicants working in the same fields relates thematically to a set of funding calls issued by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research. These calls are all of the ‘request for applications’ (RFA) type – i.e. targeting a specific type of research that the funder has identified and seeks to strengthen. We analyze the similarity between the topics embedded in applicants' research and the ones embedded in RFA calls. Applying a matching procedure followed by a difference-in-differences design, we find that applicants increase their topic similarity with the call more than non-applicants. However, we find no significant differences between the research of funded and rejected applicants – both groups shift their research in the direction of the call at a similar rate. These results cannot be explained by differences in post-call productivity. While we do not claim to have definitively disentangled the treatment from the selection effect on this issue, our findings have important implications for science policy and for our understanding of how the formulation of RFA calls shapes the direction of scientific inquiry.

越来越多的文献研究了申请和赢得竞争性项目资助如何在生产力、质量、社会网络和知识方面影响科学家的职业轨迹。然而，人们对资助计划在塑造科学研究方向方面的作用仍然知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们调查了在同一领域工作的资助接受者、被拒绝的申请人和一组可比较的非申请人的研究如何与瑞典战略研究基金会发布的一组资助呼吁相关。这些呼吁都是“申请请求”（RFA）类型——即针对资助者已经确定并寻求加强的特定类型的研究。我们分析了申请人研究中嵌入的主题与RFA电话中嵌入的主题之间的相似性。应用匹配程序，然后是差异中的差异设计，我们发现申请者比非申请者更能增加他们与电话的主题相似性。然而，我们发现被资助的和被拒绝的申请者的研究之间没有显著的差异——两组人都以相似的速度将他们的研究转向召唤的方向。这些结果不能用通话后生产力的差异来解释。虽然我们并没有声称在这个问题上已经明确地将处理与选择效应分开，但我们的发现对科学政策和我们对RFA调用的制定如何塑造科学探究方向的理解具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Revisiting speed of imitation from a competitive dynamics perspective 从竞争动力学的角度重新审视模仿速度

IF 8 1区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Research Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105341

Marco Balzano , Claudio Giachetti

Imitation—the process of reproducing other firms' products, processes, technologies, or strategic decisions in general—is a salient theoretical construct in the strategic management literature. Moving beyond the “one imitation strategy” assumption, some studies have focused on “how quickly” firms imitate, describing the speed of imitation (SoI) as a key source of “fast-mover advantages.” However, research on SoI has primarily developed in an isolated fashion across multiple subfields of strategic management, leading to a variety of theories, methodologies, and mixed findings that hinder the comprehensive understanding of SoI research. Against such a backdrop, this review leverages competitive dynamics research to (a) conceptualize SoI both as the velocity dimension of the imitation process and as a specific type of competitive response by identifying its necessary conditions, (b) integrate current knowledge on SoI by shedding light on its antecedents and outcomes, resulting in a process model that organizes these factors systematically, and (c) use this presented process model to identify research gaps and mixed findings in the existing literature, thus opening avenues for future research.

模仿——复制其他公司的产品、流程、技术或战略决策的过程——是战略管理文献中一个突出的理论结构。超越了“一次模仿战略”的假设，一些研究将重点放在了企业模仿的“多快”上，将模仿速度（SoI）描述为“快速移动优势”的关键来源。然而，对SoI的研究主要是在战略管理的多个子领域以孤立的方式发展的，导致各种各样的理论、方法和混合的发现，阻碍了对SoI研究的全面理解。在这样的背景下，本综述利用竞争动力学研究：(a)通过确定其必要条件，将SoI概念化为模仿过程的速度维度和特定类型的竞争反应；(b)通过阐明其前因和结果，整合当前关于SoI的知识，从而形成一个系统组织这些因素的过程模型。(c)使用本文提出的过程模型来识别现有文献中的研究空白和混合发现，从而为未来的研究开辟道路。

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引用次数: 0

300 years of British patents 300年的英国专利

IF 8 1区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Research Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105347

Enrico Berkes , Matthew Lee Chen , Matteo Tranchero

The study of innovation depends heavily on high-quality patent data. Yet, datasets containing complete patent documents focus only on recent decades, while historical patent datasets with broader temporal coverage typically lack detailed information. Therefore, our ability to leverage advances in textual analyses to study long-run innovation dynamics remains limited. To this end, we introduce a large-scale dataset of the universe of technical specifications of British patents granted between 1617–1899. Our data consists of the full specification texts alongside linked information about inventors, including their disambiguated names, occupations, and addresses. We use our data to document changes over time in total inventive activity, the geography of innovation, inventor occupations, and patent novelty and impact. Finally, we discuss use cases and avenues for subsequent research.

Resources: Dataset; GitHub

创新研究在很大程度上依赖于高质量的专利数据。然而，包含完整专利文献的数据集只关注最近几十年，而具有更广泛时间覆盖的历史专利数据集通常缺乏详细信息。因此，我们利用文本分析的进步来研究长期创新动态的能力仍然有限。为此，我们引入了1617-1899年间授予的英国专利技术规范的大规模数据集。我们的数据包括完整的规范文本以及有关发明人的链接信息，包括其消除歧义的名称，职业和地址。我们使用我们的数据来记录总发明活动、创新地理、发明家职业、专利新颖性和影响随时间的变化。最后，我们讨论了后续研究的用例和途径。资源:数据集;GitHub

引用次数: 0

Commercialize or sleep? Capturing value from patenting 商业化还是睡眠？从专利中获取价值

IF 8 1区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Research Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105346

Du Liu , Danmo Lin

We develop a sequential model to examine patent litigation, acquisition, and commercialization decisions in innovative industries. The model focuses on potential intellectual property disputes among two patent-holding firms with overlapping technologies and a non-patent-owning producer. We highlight the role of the belief gap, defined as the difference between the patent owner’s and other market participants’ assessments of a sleeping patent’s win rate in potential litigation, in shaping these strategic decisions. Alongside the belief gap, two other factors are also important: the relative strength of the commercialized patent compared with the sleeping patent, and the degree of technological overlap between them. These factors jointly determine whether firms commercialize, retain, or sell a patent, as well as the identity of the acquirer. Our analysis shows that (1) low belief gaps facilitate settlement, whereas high gaps trigger litigation for uncommercialized sleeping patents; (2) higher relative win rate of the commercialized patent promotes post-acquisition settlement; (3) high belief gaps combined with low technological overlap induce patent holders to acquire sleeping patents; and (4) high technological overlap reduces patent commercialization. This framework advances the understanding of patent deployment strategies under market dynamics and offers policy insights for effective patent management.

我们开发了一个顺序模型来研究创新行业中的专利诉讼、收购和商业化决策。该模型关注的是两家拥有重叠技术的专利公司和一家不拥有专利的生产商之间潜在的知识产权纠纷。我们强调了信念差距的作用，定义为专利所有者和其他市场参与者对潜在诉讼中休眠专利胜率的评估差异，在形成这些战略决策方面。除了信念差距之外，另外两个因素也很重要：商业化专利与休眠专利的相对强度，以及它们之间的技术重叠程度。这些因素共同决定了公司是否将专利商业化、保留或出售，以及收购方的身份。分析表明：(1)信念差距小有利于和解，而信念差距大则会引发未商业化睡眠专利的诉讼；(2)较高的商业化专利相对胜率有利于取得后的结算；(3)高信念差距和低技术重叠促使专利权人获得睡眠专利；(4)高技术重叠降低了专利商业化。该框架促进了对市场动态下专利部署策略的理解，并为有效的专利管理提供了政策见解。

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引用次数: 0

Deliberate exploratory search in technology innovation: Discovering and developing need-solution pairs 技术创新中的刻意探索性搜索：需求-解决方案对的发现与发展

IF 8 1区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Research Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105348

Kathrin Reinsberger , Vegard Kolbjørnsrud , Barbara Mehner

Innovation involves matching needs and solutions to form need–solution pairs (NSPs). This study investigates how organizations systemically identify and develop NSPs when searching for novel applications of existing technologies through technology-market linking—a critical yet underexplored process in strategy and innovation research. Using a multiple case study design, we analyze four innovation projects drawing on 306 expert interviews, 89 innovation proposals, and longitudinal data from diaries and retrospective interviews with 18 search agents. Our findings show that searchers engage in recurring learning practices to acquire knowledge about unmet needs, potential solutions, and how they co-evolve. These practices structure the integration of different types of knowledge over time, giving rise to four distinct search patterns that guide the direction and evolution of innovation efforts. With this study, we advance research on problem solving in innovation by unpacking how NSPs can be deliberately discovered and developed through exploratory search, rather than emerging solely from spontaneous or serendipitous encounters. We expand the literature on organizational search and learning by empirically documenting the micro-level learning processes and behaviors enabling the dynamic coupling of need and solution spaces. Finally, we contribute to the open innovation perspective by demonstrating how external knowledge critically shapes emerging technology–market combinations.

创新涉及匹配需求和解决方案，形成需求-解决方案对（nsp）。本研究探讨了组织在通过技术-市场联系（战略和创新研究中一个关键但尚未充分探索的过程）寻找现有技术的新应用时，如何系统地识别和开发nsp。采用多案例研究设计，我们分析了四个创新项目，利用306个专家访谈，89个创新提案，以及来自18个搜索代理的日记和回顾性访谈的纵向数据。我们的研究结果表明，搜索者参与了反复的学习实践，以获取关于未满足需求、潜在解决方案以及它们如何共同发展的知识。随着时间的推移，这些实践构建了不同类型知识的整合，产生了四种不同的搜索模式，这些模式指导了创新努力的方向和演变。通过这项研究，我们通过揭示如何通过探索性搜索有意地发现和发展nsp，而不是仅仅从自发或偶然的遭遇中出现，推进了创新问题解决的研究。我们通过实证记录微观层面的学习过程和行为来扩展组织搜索和学习的文献，从而实现需求和解决方案空间的动态耦合。最后，我们通过展示外部知识如何批判性地塑造新兴技术-市场组合，为开放式创新视角做出贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Not all success is created equal: The innovation costs of extreme success 并非所有的成功都是平等的：极端成功的创新成本

IF 8 1区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Research Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105343

Hung M. Dao , Selina L. Lehmann , Oguz A. Acar , Dirk Deichmann

Corporate ideation systems are increasingly used to harness employee creativity for innovation. Within these systems, serial ideators play a central role by consistently supplying new ideas. While prior research has emphasized the benefits of past success in fostering future innovation, it often treats all successes as functionally equivalent. In this study, we adopt a more nuanced perspective by distinguishing between ordinary and extreme success, and theorize that extreme success, but not ordinary success, undermines innovation outcomes. Drawing on a four-year archival dataset encompassing 1145 ideas submitted by 236 serial ideators within the internal ideation system of a global automotive firm, we find that past extreme success significantly reduces the likelihood of subsequent idea implementation. We further demonstrate that this effect is driven by two mediating mechanisms: (i) reduced team idea development and (ii) inflated self-perceived social status. In two follow-up experiments, we provide causal evidence that extreme success influences the two mediators. Together, our research advances prior work by conceptually and empirically distinguishing between ordinary and extreme success in ideation systems and uncovering the specific mechanisms through which extreme success, unlike ordinary success, can hinder subsequent innovation outcomes. We discuss several implications for managers seeking to foster sustained employee creativity and innovation through digital ideation.

企业创意系统越来越多地用于利用员工的创造力进行创新。在这些系统中，连续构思者通过不断提供新想法而发挥核心作用。虽然先前的研究强调了过去的成功对促进未来创新的好处，但它往往将所有的成功都视为功能相同。在这项研究中，我们通过区分普通成功和极端成功，采用了一种更细致入微的视角，并从理论上推断，极端成功，而不是普通成功，会破坏创新成果。根据一家全球汽车公司内部构思系统中236位连续构思者提交的1145个想法的四年档案数据集，我们发现过去的极端成功显著降低了后续想法实施的可能性。我们进一步证明，这种效应是由两个中介机制驱动的：(i)团队理念发展的减少和（ii）自我感知的社会地位的膨胀。在两个后续实验中，我们提供了因果证据，证明极端成功会影响这两个中介。总之，我们的研究通过概念和经验区分思维系统中的普通成功和极端成功，并揭示了与普通成功不同，极端成功会阻碍后续创新成果的具体机制，从而推进了先前的工作。我们讨论了管理者寻求通过数字创意培养持续的员工创造力和创新的几点启示。

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引用次数: 0

The geography of novel and atypical research 新颖和非典型研究的地理学

IF 8 1区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Research Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105345

Qing Ke , Tianxing Pan , Jin Mao

The production of knowledge has become increasingly a global endeavor. Yet, location related factors, such as local working environment and national policy designs, may continue to a!ect what kind of science is being pursued. Here we examine the geography of the production of creative science by country, through the lens of novelty and atypicality proposed in Uzzi et al. (2013). We quantify a country’s representativeness in novel and atypical science, finding persistent differences in propensity to generate creative works, even among developed countries that are large producers in science. We further cluster countries based on how their tendency to publish novel science changes over time, identifying one group of emerging countries. Our analyses point out the recent emergence of China not only as a large producer in science but also as a leader that disproportionately produces more novel and atypical research. Discipline specific analysis indicates that China’s over-production of atypical science is limited to a few disciplines, especially its most prolific ones like materials science and chemistry.

知识的生产日益成为一项全球性的努力。然而，与地点相关的因素，如当地的工作环境和国家政策设计，可能会继续影响。我们正在研究什么样的科学。在这里，我们通过Uzzi等人（2013）提出的新颖性和非典型性的视角，按国家检查创造性科学生产的地理。我们量化了一个国家在新颖和非典型科学方面的代表性，发现即使在科学生产大国的发达国家中，产生创造性作品的倾向也存在持续的差异。我们根据各国发表新科学的趋势如何随时间变化进一步对它们进行了分类，确定了一组新兴国家。我们的分析指出，中国最近的崛起不仅是作为一个大型科学生产国，而且是一个不成比例地产生更多新颖和非典型研究的领导者。具体学科分析表明，中国非典型科学的过剩生产仅限于少数学科，特别是其最多产的学科，如材料科学和化学。

引用次数: 0

The direction of innovation and work from home 创新和在家办公的方向

IF 8 1区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Research Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105344

Chungeun Yoon

This study explores how allowing remote work affects firms' innovation activity. I investigate the effect of the significant shift toward working from home that occurred in response to the COVID-19 pandemic on the direction of innovation. I find that work from home has shifted the path of innovation toward technology that supports non–face-to-face communication. Using a sample of patent-holding firms, I document that firms that adopted work from home applied for more patents of non–face-to-face technologies than firms that did not offer work from home. The results are driven by smaller, younger firms in the ICT-related industry, suggesting that these firms had greater digital resilience and were better able to adjust to the unprecedented shock to the working environment. I discuss how these facts contribute to our understanding of the impact of work from home on the direction of innovation, and how we may design policy responses to future shocks.

本研究探讨了允许远程工作如何影响企业的创新活动。我调查了为应对COVID-19大流行而出现的在家工作的重大转变对创新方向的影响。我发现，在家工作已经把创新的道路转向了支持非面对面交流的技术。我使用专利持有公司的样本，证明采用在家工作的公司比不提供在家工作的公司申请了更多的非面对面技术专利。这一结果是由信息通信技术相关行业中规模较小、较年轻的公司推动的，这表明这些公司具有更强的数字弹性，能够更好地适应前所未有的工作环境冲击。我讨论了这些事实如何有助于我们理解在家工作对创新方向的影响，以及我们如何设计应对未来冲击的政策。

引用次数: 0

Trademarks and the innovativeness of social enterprises 商标与社会企业的创新性

IF 8 1区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Research Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105342

Mirko Hirschmann , Joern H. Block , Gorgi Krlev

Social enterprises (SEs) strive to balance social missions with financial sustainability. They are a very heterogenous group. While some SEs are highly innovative, others are not. A key challenge is identifying and assessing their level of innovation, as traditional metrics like R&D spending and patents, which focus on technological and science-based innovation, often fall short. This is because SEs frequently innovate in areas such as organizational processes, business models, and services. Against this background, we explore the potential of trademarks as a new way of identifying innovative SEs within the group of SEs. Using a large sample of SEs from Germany, we examine the relationship between trademarks and the innovativeness of SEs through text-based analyses of SE websites and a survey. Additionally, we investigate the underlying reasons SEs choose to register (or not register) trademarks, recognizing that trademarks can serve various purposes. Our findings reveal that innovative SEs are more likely to file trademarks, primarily to protect their innovations and associated brands, pursuing market orientation, and scaling their social impact. These insights deepen our understanding of the heterogeneity among SEs and contribute to the growing conversation on the role of intellectual property rights in creating positive effects for society.

社会企业（SEs）努力平衡社会使命与财务可持续性。他们是一个非常不同的群体。虽然一些企业具有很强的创新性，但其他企业则不然。一个关键的挑战是识别和评估他们的创新水平，因为传统的指标，如研发支出和专利，专注于基于技术和科学的创新，往往达不到要求。这是因为se经常在组织流程、业务模型和服务等领域进行创新。在此背景下，我们探讨了商标作为一种识别创新型中小企业的新方法的潜力。我们以德国的大型中小企业为样本，通过对中小企业网站的文本分析和一项调查，研究了商标与中小企业创新之间的关系。此外，我们还调查了企业选择注册（或不注册）商标的根本原因，认识到商标可以用于各种目的。我们的研究结果表明，创新型中小企业更有可能申请商标，主要是为了保护其创新和相关品牌，追求市场导向，并扩大其社会影响。这些见解加深了我们对中小企业之间异质性的理解，并有助于就知识产权在为社会创造积极影响方面的作用进行越来越多的讨论。

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引用次数: 0