Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.1016/j.mtadv.2024.100524
Viola Bauernfeind, Vinodkumar Saranathan, Kenza Djeghdi, Elena Longo, Silja Flenner, Imke Greving, Ullrich Steiner, Bodo D. Wilts
The diverse colors of longhorn beetles arise from either pigmentary absorption or interference of light with various photonic nanostructures. Variations in structure, order, and/or material composition give rise to diverse optical signals. Here, we investigated the colors of the longhorn beetle (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae). By combining optical microscopy and detailed bulk ultrastructural analysis of the colored scales that are the basis of the multicolored patterns of bluish-green and orange markings, we document polycrystalline networks based on the triply periodic minimal surface, Schoen’s I-WP, in the bluish-green scales. In contrast, amorphous quasi-ordered networks are found in the orange scales. The optical signal from the photonic networks is further altered by absorbing pigments. Ridged, micrometer-sized protrusions diffuse reflected light and suppress iridescence in all scale types. We discuss the pivotal role that order and disorder play in these photonic structures and support our understanding of the function of the scale geometry with full-wave optical simulations. Detailed knowledge about visible light interactions within intricate mediums, such as those observed in beetle scales, is highly relevant to current challenges in the design and synthesis of photonic nanostructures operating in the visible regime.
{"title":"Not only a matter of disorder in I-WP minimal surface-based photonic networks: Diffusive structural color in Sternotomis amabilis longhorn beetles","authors":"Viola Bauernfeind, Vinodkumar Saranathan, Kenza Djeghdi, Elena Longo, Silja Flenner, Imke Greving, Ullrich Steiner, Bodo D. Wilts","doi":"10.1016/j.mtadv.2024.100524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtadv.2024.100524","url":null,"abstract":"The diverse colors of longhorn beetles arise from either pigmentary absorption or interference of light with various photonic nanostructures. Variations in structure, order, and/or material composition give rise to diverse optical signals. Here, we investigated the colors of the longhorn beetle (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae). By combining optical microscopy and detailed bulk ultrastructural analysis of the colored scales that are the basis of the multicolored patterns of bluish-green and orange markings, we document polycrystalline networks based on the triply periodic minimal surface, Schoen’s I-WP, in the bluish-green scales. In contrast, amorphous quasi-ordered networks are found in the orange scales. The optical signal from the photonic networks is further altered by absorbing pigments. Ridged, micrometer-sized protrusions diffuse reflected light and suppress iridescence in all scale types. We discuss the pivotal role that order and disorder play in these photonic structures and support our understanding of the function of the scale geometry with full-wave optical simulations. Detailed knowledge about visible light interactions within intricate mediums, such as those observed in beetle scales, is highly relevant to current challenges in the design and synthesis of photonic nanostructures operating in the visible regime.","PeriodicalId":48495,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Advances","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mtadv.2024.100525
Clara Sinta Saragih, Duy Van Pham, Jun-Xiao Lin, Wei-Jhong Chen, Po-Hung Wu, Chun-Chuen Yang, Chien-Chih Lai, Chih-Hung Tsai, Hua-Shu Hsu, Yuan-Ron Ma
An exfoliated monolayer CrI possessing the ferromagnetic (FM) nature of out-of-plane Ising spin-up (or spin-down) electrons can be considered as a qubit with a quantum state of |>=|↑>=|0> (or |>=|↓>=|1>) due to the theory of the Bloch sphere. Therefore, here a bipartite quantum system of the antiferromagnetic (AFM) and FM bilayer CrI is proposed for four fundamental two-qubit (2Q) quantum states (≡|>) of |↑↓>=|01>, |↓↑>=|10>, |↑↑>=|00> and |↓↓>=|11>, respectively. Energy-resolved magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectropolarimetry was used to detect - transitions of the FM and AFM bilayer CrI for the four fundamental quantum states. The obtained MCD spectra of the - transitions with spin-frustration and spin-parallelism possess quantum signals of the four fundamental 2Q quantum states at = 0, where is the angle between the magnetic field and the surface normal. Hence, the bilayer CrI is a potential candidate for use in quatum computer.
{"title":"Magnetic bilayer qubits: A bipartite quantum system","authors":"Clara Sinta Saragih, Duy Van Pham, Jun-Xiao Lin, Wei-Jhong Chen, Po-Hung Wu, Chun-Chuen Yang, Chien-Chih Lai, Chih-Hung Tsai, Hua-Shu Hsu, Yuan-Ron Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.mtadv.2024.100525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtadv.2024.100525","url":null,"abstract":"An exfoliated monolayer CrI possessing the ferromagnetic (FM) nature of out-of-plane Ising spin-up (or spin-down) electrons can be considered as a qubit with a quantum state of |>=|↑>=|0> (or |>=|↓>=|1>) due to the theory of the Bloch sphere. Therefore, here a bipartite quantum system of the antiferromagnetic (AFM) and FM bilayer CrI is proposed for four fundamental two-qubit (2Q) quantum states (≡|>) of |↑↓>=|01>, |↓↑>=|10>, |↑↑>=|00> and |↓↓>=|11>, respectively. Energy-resolved magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectropolarimetry was used to detect - transitions of the FM and AFM bilayer CrI for the four fundamental quantum states. The obtained MCD spectra of the - transitions with spin-frustration and spin-parallelism possess quantum signals of the four fundamental 2Q quantum states at = 0, where is the angle between the magnetic field and the surface normal. Hence, the bilayer CrI is a potential candidate for use in quatum computer.","PeriodicalId":48495,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Advances","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1016/j.mtadv.2024.100522
Lucas M. Ruschel, Sergej Jakovlev, Oliver Gross, Nico Neuber, Bastian Adam, Maximilian Frey, Benedikt Schmidt, Benedikt Bochtler, Ralf Busch
The influence of relaxation and rejuvenation on the deformation behavior of the Zr-based bulk metallic glass Vit105 (ZrCuNiAlTi) was investigated, where a well-defined thermal history was systematically introduced by thermal treatments. Samples with a progressively lower fictive temperature exhibit a lower enthalpic state, coupled with a reduced degree of free volume, which is responsible for a continuous embrittlement observed in three-point beam bending tests. The generated database allows an assessment of the mechanical behavior of any amorphous component made of Vit105 by simple calorimetric measurements and the determination of the fictive temperature, which is of special interest for complex parts that cannot be easily evaluated in mechanical tests. Diffraction experiments with high energy synchrotron X-ray radiation reveal a correlation between the increase in rigid 3-atom cluster connections with the reduction in the fracture strain, as a measure of ductility, indicating a strong correlation with the thermal history. While the atomic connections seem to have a crucial contribution to the ductility, changes of the short- and medium-range order seem to be equally important. The current findings provide fundamental insights into the role of thermal history in metallic glass forming alloy systems and how it can be used to manipulate the structure and tailor their mechanical properties specifically to the needs of each application.
我们研究了弛豫和年轻化对 Zr 基块状金属玻璃 Vit105（ZrCuNiAlTi）变形行为的影响，通过热处理系统地引入了明确的热历史。虚构温度逐渐降低的样品呈现出较低的焓态，同时自由体积减少，这是在三点梁弯曲试验中观察到的持续脆化的原因。利用生成的数据库，可以通过简单的量热测量和虚构温度的确定来评估任何由 Vit105 制成的无定形部件的机械性能。利用高能同步加速器 X 射线辐射进行的衍射实验显示，刚性 3 原子团连接的增加与断裂应变（作为延展性的衡量标准）的减少之间存在相关性，这表明二者与热历史密切相关。虽然原子连接似乎对延展性有至关重要的贡献，但中短程阶次的变化似乎也同样重要。目前的研究结果提供了关于热历史在金属玻璃成型合金体系中作用的基本见解，以及如何利用热历史来操纵结构和定制机械性能，以满足各种应用的具体需求。
{"title":"Unraveling the role of relaxation and rejuvenation on the structure and deformation behavior of the Zr-based bulk metallic glass Vit105","authors":"Lucas M. Ruschel, Sergej Jakovlev, Oliver Gross, Nico Neuber, Bastian Adam, Maximilian Frey, Benedikt Schmidt, Benedikt Bochtler, Ralf Busch","doi":"10.1016/j.mtadv.2024.100522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtadv.2024.100522","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of relaxation and rejuvenation on the deformation behavior of the Zr-based bulk metallic glass Vit105 (ZrCuNiAlTi) was investigated, where a well-defined thermal history was systematically introduced by thermal treatments. Samples with a progressively lower fictive temperature exhibit a lower enthalpic state, coupled with a reduced degree of free volume, which is responsible for a continuous embrittlement observed in three-point beam bending tests. The generated database allows an assessment of the mechanical behavior of any amorphous component made of Vit105 by simple calorimetric measurements and the determination of the fictive temperature, which is of special interest for complex parts that cannot be easily evaluated in mechanical tests. Diffraction experiments with high energy synchrotron X-ray radiation reveal a correlation between the increase in rigid 3-atom cluster connections with the reduction in the fracture strain, as a measure of ductility, indicating a strong correlation with the thermal history. While the atomic connections seem to have a crucial contribution to the ductility, changes of the short- and medium-range order seem to be equally important. The current findings provide fundamental insights into the role of thermal history in metallic glass forming alloy systems and how it can be used to manipulate the structure and tailor their mechanical properties specifically to the needs of each application.","PeriodicalId":48495,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Advances","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1016/j.mtadv.2024.100523
Badrinathan Sridharan, Daehun Kim, Karthika Viswanathan, Ji Won Nam, Hae Gyun Lim
The study focuses on fabrication and characterization of magnesium gallate (Mg-Gal), and introduces the use of single beam acoustic tweezers for aggregation and manipulation of Mg-Gal. Initially, microparticles are fabricated and thoroughly characterized, revealing their crystalline nature and thermostability stability. Through techniques like X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and electron microscopy, the structural and compositional features are elucidated. Subsequently, we intended to explore the effect of acoustic tweezer which are upcoming technology that possess multiple biological applications like drug delivery, cell analysis and tissue engineering. We demonstrated a successful aggregation and manipulation of these microparticles using a single beam acoustic tweezer system equipped with 7.5 MHz transducer. Within a short duration of 12 s, aggregates of around 100 μm size are formed and manipulated within the field of vision. Additionally, the anti-cancer potential of Mg-Gal microparticles was investigated in vitro, displaying significant cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 cells, with an IC value of 79.18 μg/ml. The study emphasizes the promising prospects of Mg-Gal microparticles in targeted drug delivery using ultrasound for cancer treatment and underscores the material's potential for conjugation with therapeutic drugs to address various complex diseases. Overall, this research highlights the interdisciplinary approach in advancing both material manipulation techniques and biomedical applications.
{"title":"Acoustic tweezer-driven assembly and anti-cancer property of microporous magnesium gallate","authors":"Badrinathan Sridharan, Daehun Kim, Karthika Viswanathan, Ji Won Nam, Hae Gyun Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.mtadv.2024.100523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtadv.2024.100523","url":null,"abstract":"The study focuses on fabrication and characterization of magnesium gallate (Mg-Gal), and introduces the use of single beam acoustic tweezers for aggregation and manipulation of Mg-Gal. Initially, microparticles are fabricated and thoroughly characterized, revealing their crystalline nature and thermostability stability. Through techniques like X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and electron microscopy, the structural and compositional features are elucidated. Subsequently, we intended to explore the effect of acoustic tweezer which are upcoming technology that possess multiple biological applications like drug delivery, cell analysis and tissue engineering. We demonstrated a successful aggregation and manipulation of these microparticles using a single beam acoustic tweezer system equipped with 7.5 MHz transducer. Within a short duration of 12 s, aggregates of around 100 μm size are formed and manipulated within the field of vision. Additionally, the anti-cancer potential of Mg-Gal microparticles was investigated in vitro, displaying significant cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 cells, with an IC value of 79.18 μg/ml. The study emphasizes the promising prospects of Mg-Gal microparticles in targeted drug delivery using ultrasound for cancer treatment and underscores the material's potential for conjugation with therapeutic drugs to address various complex diseases. Overall, this research highlights the interdisciplinary approach in advancing both material manipulation techniques and biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":48495,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Advances","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1016/j.mtadv.2024.100521
Sebastian Auffarth, Maximilian Maier, Philipp Martschin, Theresa Stigler, Maximilian Wagner, Thomas Böhm, Andreas Hutzler, Simon Thiele, Jochen Kerres
A sustainable hydrogen economy relies on fuel cells and electrolyzers, which heavily depend on ion-conducting perfluoroalkylated materials such as Nafion or Aquivion. Together with other perfluorinated alkyl substances, their environmental accumulation, and the rising awareness of risks to human health stress the need for alternative materials. Based on block-co-polymers from octylstyrene and pentafluorostyrene, we present nanostructured proton-exchange membranes. In contrast to problematic perfluorinated alkyl constituents, the involved aromatic fluorine atoms allow mild functionalizations to form tetrafluorostyrene sulfonic acid. Meanwhile, the nonpolar block reduces the stiffness of the material. By introducing a new preparation technique, controlled mitigation of the thiol cross-linking allows membrane self-reinforcement during drying. The reinforcing cross-links enhance the dissolution stability and reduce the water uptake after 24 h down to 33 wt% at 85 °C. Cross-section imaging visualizes the influence of varying di- and tetrablock-co-polymer backbones on the membrane nanostructure with sizes between 20 and 35 nm. The membranes feature proton conductivities comparable to commercial materials at low humidity levels, surpassing commercial Nafion XL at 87 % relative humidity with up to 79 mS cm at 105 °C. As first successful H/air fuel cell tests achieve maximum power densities of up to 0.7 W cm, the nanostructured polymer membranes are a promising candidate for future fuel cell and electrolyzer applications without problematic perfluorinated alkyl substances.
可持续的氢经济依赖于燃料电池和电解器，而燃料电池和电解器在很大程度上依赖于离子传导全氟烷基材料，如 Nafion 或 Aquivion。全氟烷基物质与其他全氟烷基物质在环境中的累积以及人们对人类健康风险的不断认识，都强调了对替代材料的需求。基于辛基苯乙烯和五氟苯乙烯的嵌段共聚物，我们提出了纳米结构质子交换膜。与存在问题的全氟烷基成分相比，其中的芳香族氟原子可以温和地官能化，形成四氟苯乙烯磺酸。同时，非极性嵌段降低了材料的硬度。通过引入一种新的制备技术，可控的硫醇交联缓和使薄膜在干燥过程中自我加固。强化交联增强了溶解稳定性，并降低了在 85 °C 下 24 小时后的吸水率，使其降至 33 wt%。横截面成像显示了不同的二元和四元共聚物骨架对膜纳米结构的影响，膜的尺寸在 20 纳米到 35 纳米之间。这种膜在低湿度条件下的质子传导率与商用材料相当，在相对湿度为 87% 时超过了商用 Nafion XL，在 105 °C 时高达 79 mS cm。由于首次成功的氢/空气燃料电池测试实现了高达 0.7 W cm 的最大功率密度，纳米结构聚合物膜有望成为未来燃料电池和电解槽应用的候选材料，而不会产生全氟烷基物质。
{"title":"Nanostructured proton-exchange membranes from self-cross-linking perfluoroalkyl-free block-co-polymers","authors":"Sebastian Auffarth, Maximilian Maier, Philipp Martschin, Theresa Stigler, Maximilian Wagner, Thomas Böhm, Andreas Hutzler, Simon Thiele, Jochen Kerres","doi":"10.1016/j.mtadv.2024.100521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtadv.2024.100521","url":null,"abstract":"A sustainable hydrogen economy relies on fuel cells and electrolyzers, which heavily depend on ion-conducting perfluoroalkylated materials such as Nafion or Aquivion. Together with other perfluorinated alkyl substances, their environmental accumulation, and the rising awareness of risks to human health stress the need for alternative materials. Based on block-co-polymers from octylstyrene and pentafluorostyrene, we present nanostructured proton-exchange membranes. In contrast to problematic perfluorinated alkyl constituents, the involved aromatic fluorine atoms allow mild functionalizations to form tetrafluorostyrene sulfonic acid. Meanwhile, the nonpolar block reduces the stiffness of the material. By introducing a new preparation technique, controlled mitigation of the thiol cross-linking allows membrane self-reinforcement during drying. The reinforcing cross-links enhance the dissolution stability and reduce the water uptake after 24 h down to 33 wt% at 85 °C. Cross-section imaging visualizes the influence of varying di- and tetrablock-co-polymer backbones on the membrane nanostructure with sizes between 20 and 35 nm. The membranes feature proton conductivities comparable to commercial materials at low humidity levels, surpassing commercial Nafion XL at 87 % relative humidity with up to 79 mS cm at 105 °C. As first successful H/air fuel cell tests achieve maximum power densities of up to 0.7 W cm, the nanostructured polymer membranes are a promising candidate for future fuel cell and electrolyzer applications without problematic perfluorinated alkyl substances.","PeriodicalId":48495,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Advances","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-29DOI: 10.1016/j.mtadv.2024.100520
Taehyun Park, JunHo Song, Jinyoung Jeong, Seungpyo Kang, Joonchul Kim, Joonghee Won, Jungim Han, Kyoungmin Min
Organometallic compounds (OMCs) have attracted tremendous attention in various fields, such as photovoltaic cell and high-k dielectric application, due to their beneficial properties. Despite their potential, the progression of OMCs into industrial applications is hindered by the limited databases available for their properties and the absence of efficient surrogate models. To address this, in this study, optimally selected feature-based surrogate models for predicting the electronic properties of OMCs are constructed via various multiscale features and extensive database. To this end, high-throughput calculation was performed to obtain electronic properties of more than 18k materials generally known as organometallics, augmenting around 12k organic materials obtained from the public open data set, OMDB-GAP1. For generating features closely related to OMCs, descriptors encapsulating the information ranging local to global, also other widely-used composition-, structure-based features (more than 3.5k in total) were employed. Among these descriptors, we identified 48 critical features that elucidates the physicochemical underpinnings of OMCs’ properties, suggesting their impact on the properties of OMCs. The light gradient boosting machine model achieved high-accuracy predictions across the entire database with just 1 % of the total descriptors, sufficiently compared to the entire sets (decreased of around 0.01 by R score and 0.01 eV by MAE). Furthermore, the efficacy of active learning process was demonstrated to find OMCs with optimal properties rapidly. As a result, expected improvement outperforms other methods by identifying 69 % of the target materials only searching 46 % of the total search space. Our constructed platform with a high-throughput calculated database can pave the way for the rapid screening of OMCs for the targeted industrial application, and suggest a comprehensive grasp of the intrinsic properties of OMCs and related compounds.
{"title":"Interpretable machine learning boosting the discovery of targeted organometallic compounds with optimal bandgap","authors":"Taehyun Park, JunHo Song, Jinyoung Jeong, Seungpyo Kang, Joonchul Kim, Joonghee Won, Jungim Han, Kyoungmin Min","doi":"10.1016/j.mtadv.2024.100520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtadv.2024.100520","url":null,"abstract":"Organometallic compounds (OMCs) have attracted tremendous attention in various fields, such as photovoltaic cell and high-k dielectric application, due to their beneficial properties. Despite their potential, the progression of OMCs into industrial applications is hindered by the limited databases available for their properties and the absence of efficient surrogate models. To address this, in this study, optimally selected feature-based surrogate models for predicting the electronic properties of OMCs are constructed via various multiscale features and extensive database. To this end, high-throughput calculation was performed to obtain electronic properties of more than 18k materials generally known as organometallics, augmenting around 12k organic materials obtained from the public open data set, OMDB-GAP1. For generating features closely related to OMCs, descriptors encapsulating the information ranging local to global, also other widely-used composition-, structure-based features (more than 3.5k in total) were employed. Among these descriptors, we identified 48 critical features that elucidates the physicochemical underpinnings of OMCs’ properties, suggesting their impact on the properties of OMCs. The light gradient boosting machine model achieved high-accuracy predictions across the entire database with just 1 % of the total descriptors, sufficiently compared to the entire sets (decreased of around 0.01 by R score and 0.01 eV by MAE). Furthermore, the efficacy of active learning process was demonstrated to find OMCs with optimal properties rapidly. As a result, expected improvement outperforms other methods by identifying 69 % of the target materials only searching 46 % of the total search space. Our constructed platform with a high-throughput calculated database can pave the way for the rapid screening of OMCs for the targeted industrial application, and suggest a comprehensive grasp of the intrinsic properties of OMCs and related compounds.","PeriodicalId":48495,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Advances","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141886665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-27DOI: 10.1016/j.mtadv.2024.100519
Chia Hao Yu, Wei Hsiang Chiang, Yi-Ho Chen, Seiji Samukawa, Dong Sing Wuu, Chin-Han Chung, Ching-Lien Hsiao, Ray Hua Horng
This study investigates and compares the impact of different etching techniques on the fabrication of GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) between the inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE) and the neutral beam etching (NBE) for the gate recess. By conducting direct current analysis, it was found that devices manufactured using the NBE exhibited superior electrical performance as compared with those produced using the ICP-RIE. These enhanced electrical characteristics include a transconductance of up to 100.4 mS/mm, a threshold voltage (V) of −2.3 V, an on/off current ratio of 1.1 × 10, a subthreshold swing (S.S.) of 99.63 mV/dec, and a remarkably low gate leakage current. Additionally, we noted varying degrees of hysteresis in the I–V characteristics were related to process disparities possibly leading to interface defects. Multi-frequency capacitance-voltage (C–V) measurements were used to identify the interface defects at the oxide/AlGaN interface of the gate. The results revealed that devices fabricated using the NBE exhibited a lower interface defect density as compared with those fabricated using the ICP-RIE, thereby elucidating the reduced hysteresis observed in the I–V characteristics. These findings indicated the significant advantages of the NBE process in the fabrication of GaN HEMTs.
{"title":"Reduction of interface defects in gate-recessed GaN HEMTs by neutral beam etching","authors":"Chia Hao Yu, Wei Hsiang Chiang, Yi-Ho Chen, Seiji Samukawa, Dong Sing Wuu, Chin-Han Chung, Ching-Lien Hsiao, Ray Hua Horng","doi":"10.1016/j.mtadv.2024.100519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtadv.2024.100519","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates and compares the impact of different etching techniques on the fabrication of GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) between the inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE) and the neutral beam etching (NBE) for the gate recess. By conducting direct current analysis, it was found that devices manufactured using the NBE exhibited superior electrical performance as compared with those produced using the ICP-RIE. These enhanced electrical characteristics include a transconductance of up to 100.4 mS/mm, a threshold voltage (V) of −2.3 V, an on/off current ratio of 1.1 × 10, a subthreshold swing (S.S.) of 99.63 mV/dec, and a remarkably low gate leakage current. Additionally, we noted varying degrees of hysteresis in the I–V characteristics were related to process disparities possibly leading to interface defects. Multi-frequency capacitance-voltage (C–V) measurements were used to identify the interface defects at the oxide/AlGaN interface of the gate. The results revealed that devices fabricated using the NBE exhibited a lower interface defect density as compared with those fabricated using the ICP-RIE, thereby elucidating the reduced hysteresis observed in the I–V characteristics. These findings indicated the significant advantages of the NBE process in the fabrication of GaN HEMTs.","PeriodicalId":48495,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Advances","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141886666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.1016/j.mtadv.2024.100511
I.I. Klimovskikh, S.V. Eremeev, D.A. Estyunin, S.O. Filnov, K. Shimada, V.A. Golyashov, N.Yu. Solovova, O.E. Tereshchenko, K.A. Kokh, A.S. Frolov, A.I. Sergeev, V.S. Stolyarov, V. Mikšić Trontl, L. Petaccia, G. Di Santo, M. Tallarida, J. Dai, S. Blanco-Canosa, T. Valla, A.M. Shikin, E.V. Chulkov
Meeting of non-trivial topology with magnetism results in novel phases of matter, such as quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) or axion insulator phases. Even more exotic states with high and tunable Chern numbers are expected at the contact of intrinsic magnetic topological insulators (IMTIs) and 2D topological insulators (TIs). Here we synthesize a heterostructures composed of 2D TI and 3D IMTIs, specifically of bismuth bilayer on top of MnBiTe-family of compounds and study their electronic properties by means of angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) and density functional theory (DFT). The epitaxial interface is characterized by hybridized Bi and IMTI electronic states. The Bi bilayer-derived states on different members of MnBiTe-family of materials are similar, except in the region of mixing with the topological surface states of the substrate. In that region, the new, substrate dependent interface Dirac state is observed. Our calculations show rich interface phases with emergence of exchange split 1D edge states, making the Bi/IMTI heterostructures promising playground for observation of novel members in the family of quantum Hall effects.
非三维拓扑与磁性相遇会产生新的物质相，如量子反常霍尔（QAH）或轴子绝缘体相。在本征磁性拓扑绝缘体（IMTIs）和二维拓扑绝缘体（TIs）的接触处，预计会出现具有高且可调切尔诺数的更奇特状态。在这里，我们合成了一种由二维拓扑绝缘体和三维 IMTIs 组成的异质结构，特别是在锰铋钛族化合物顶部的铋双层结构，并通过角度分辨光电子能谱（ARPES）和密度泛函理论（DFT）研究了它们的电子特性。外延界面的特征是杂化 Bi 和 IMTI 电子态。除了与基底拓扑表面态混合的区域外，锰铋碲族材料不同成员上的铋双层衍生态是相似的。在该区域，我们观察到了新的、与基底相关的界面狄拉克态。我们的计算显示了丰富的界面相，并出现了交换分裂的一维边缘态，这使得 Bi/IMTI 异质结构成为观察量子霍尔效应家族新成员的理想场所。
{"title":"Interfacing two-dimensional and magnetic topological insulators: Bi bilayer on MnBi[formula omitted]Te[formula omitted]-family materials","authors":"I.I. Klimovskikh, S.V. Eremeev, D.A. Estyunin, S.O. Filnov, K. Shimada, V.A. Golyashov, N.Yu. Solovova, O.E. Tereshchenko, K.A. Kokh, A.S. Frolov, A.I. Sergeev, V.S. Stolyarov, V. Mikšić Trontl, L. Petaccia, G. Di Santo, M. Tallarida, J. Dai, S. Blanco-Canosa, T. Valla, A.M. Shikin, E.V. Chulkov","doi":"10.1016/j.mtadv.2024.100511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtadv.2024.100511","url":null,"abstract":"Meeting of non-trivial topology with magnetism results in novel phases of matter, such as quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) or axion insulator phases. Even more exotic states with high and tunable Chern numbers are expected at the contact of intrinsic magnetic topological insulators (IMTIs) and 2D topological insulators (TIs). Here we synthesize a heterostructures composed of 2D TI and 3D IMTIs, specifically of bismuth bilayer on top of MnBiTe-family of compounds and study their electronic properties by means of angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) and density functional theory (DFT). The epitaxial interface is characterized by hybridized Bi and IMTI electronic states. The Bi bilayer-derived states on different members of MnBiTe-family of materials are similar, except in the region of mixing with the topological surface states of the substrate. In that region, the new, substrate dependent interface Dirac state is observed. Our calculations show rich interface phases with emergence of exchange split 1D edge states, making the Bi/IMTI heterostructures promising playground for observation of novel members in the family of quantum Hall effects.","PeriodicalId":48495,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Advances","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141774171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.1016/j.mtadv.2024.100515
Yanmei Sun, Bingxun Li, Ming Liu, Zekai Zhang
Reaping the advantages of their exceptional humidity-sensitive elements, humidity sensors exhibit a remarkable ability to adapt to alterations in ambient moisture levels. The significance of the humidity sensor in biological detection is progressively growing, owing to this characteristic. This work examines the impact of humidity on the resistive switching properties Ni–Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) memristor. As the porous Ni–Al LDHs material contains a significant number of hydroxyl groups, the Ni–Al LDHs memristor exhibits remarkable sensitivity to changes in humidity. As the relative humidity level increases, a conspicuous decrease is observed in resistance of low resistance state, which attributed to the transition of protons facilitated by water. The humidity detection range of the Ni–Al LDHs memristor is from 30 RH% to 95 RH%, and it exhibits a sensitivity of 101.72 mV/RH. The Ni–Al LDHs memristor exhibits humidity sensitive resistive switching characteristics. In different humidity environments can produce a dynamic change between high and low resistance state switching. An artificial humidity sensing system by utilizing the unique resistance change behavior in Ni–Al LDHs memristor induced by humidity was demonstrated.
{"title":"Humidity sensitive memristor based on Ni–Al layered double hydroxides","authors":"Yanmei Sun, Bingxun Li, Ming Liu, Zekai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.mtadv.2024.100515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtadv.2024.100515","url":null,"abstract":"Reaping the advantages of their exceptional humidity-sensitive elements, humidity sensors exhibit a remarkable ability to adapt to alterations in ambient moisture levels. The significance of the humidity sensor in biological detection is progressively growing, owing to this characteristic. This work examines the impact of humidity on the resistive switching properties Ni–Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) memristor. As the porous Ni–Al LDHs material contains a significant number of hydroxyl groups, the Ni–Al LDHs memristor exhibits remarkable sensitivity to changes in humidity. As the relative humidity level increases, a conspicuous decrease is observed in resistance of low resistance state, which attributed to the transition of protons facilitated by water. The humidity detection range of the Ni–Al LDHs memristor is from 30 RH% to 95 RH%, and it exhibits a sensitivity of 101.72 mV/RH. The Ni–Al LDHs memristor exhibits humidity sensitive resistive switching characteristics. In different humidity environments can produce a dynamic change between high and low resistance state switching. An artificial humidity sensing system by utilizing the unique resistance change behavior in Ni–Al LDHs memristor induced by humidity was demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":48495,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Advances","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141548343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-29DOI: 10.1016/j.mtadv.2024.100509
Manal E. Alkahtani, Siyuan Sun, Christopher A.R. Chapman, Simon Gaisford, Mine Orlu, Moe Elbadawi, Abdul W. Basit
Precision medicine is the next frontier in pharmaceutical research, aiming to improve the safety and efficacy of therapeutics for patients. The ideal drug delivery system (DDS) should be programmable to provide real-time controlled delivery that is personalised to the patient's needs. However, little progress has been made in this domain. Herein, we combined two cutting-edge technologies, conductive polymers (CPs) and three-dimensional (3D) printing, to demonstrate their potential for achieving programmable controlled release. A DDS was formulated where the CP provided temporal control over drug release. 3D printing was used to ensure dimensional control over the design of the DDS. The CP used in this study is known to be fragile, and thus was blended with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) to achieve a conductive elastomer with sound mechanical properties. Rheological and mechanical analyses were performed, where it was revealed that formulation inks with a storage modulus in the order of 10–10 Pa were both extrudable and maintained their structural integrity. Physico-chemical analysis confirmed the presence of the CP functional groups in the 3D printed DDS. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrated that the DDS remained conductive for 100 stimulations. drug release was performed for 180 min at varying voltages, where a significant difference ( < 0.05) in cumulative release was observed between either ±1.0 V and passive release. Furthermore, the responsiveness of the DDS to pulsatile stimuli was tested, where it was found to rapidly respond to the voltage stimuli, consequently altering the release mechanism. The study is the first to 3D print electroactive medicines using CPs and paves the way for digitalising DDS that can be integrated into the Internet of Things (IoT) framework.
{"title":"3D printed electro-responsive system with programmable drug release","authors":"Manal E. Alkahtani, Siyuan Sun, Christopher A.R. Chapman, Simon Gaisford, Mine Orlu, Moe Elbadawi, Abdul W. Basit","doi":"10.1016/j.mtadv.2024.100509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtadv.2024.100509","url":null,"abstract":"Precision medicine is the next frontier in pharmaceutical research, aiming to improve the safety and efficacy of therapeutics for patients. The ideal drug delivery system (DDS) should be programmable to provide real-time controlled delivery that is personalised to the patient's needs. However, little progress has been made in this domain. Herein, we combined two cutting-edge technologies, conductive polymers (CPs) and three-dimensional (3D) printing, to demonstrate their potential for achieving programmable controlled release. A DDS was formulated where the CP provided temporal control over drug release. 3D printing was used to ensure dimensional control over the design of the DDS. The CP used in this study is known to be fragile, and thus was blended with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) to achieve a conductive elastomer with sound mechanical properties. Rheological and mechanical analyses were performed, where it was revealed that formulation inks with a storage modulus in the order of 10–10 Pa were both extrudable and maintained their structural integrity. Physico-chemical analysis confirmed the presence of the CP functional groups in the 3D printed DDS. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrated that the DDS remained conductive for 100 stimulations. drug release was performed for 180 min at varying voltages, where a significant difference ( < 0.05) in cumulative release was observed between either ±1.0 V and passive release. Furthermore, the responsiveness of the DDS to pulsatile stimuli was tested, where it was found to rapidly respond to the voltage stimuli, consequently altering the release mechanism. The study is the first to 3D print electroactive medicines using CPs and paves the way for digitalising DDS that can be integrated into the Internet of Things (IoT) framework.","PeriodicalId":48495,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Advances","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141548424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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