As per World Bank's collection of development indicators, about 65% of India's population still live in rural regions, where biomass will continue to be the primary source of energy for cooking. Consumers and governments are concerned about the amount of energy used in cooking. Furthermore, the use of biomass fuel in traditional biomass stoves has been associated with human health, with women being more susceptible to exposure to indoor air pollution and health issues during cooking. This study analysed the performance of a three-pot cookstove suitable for a family of 6 persons with respect to its energy, exergy, emergy, environment, and economics. Emergent indicators such as percent renewable (PR), emergent yield ratio (EYR), environmental load ratio (ELR), and environmental sustainability index (ESI) are accustomed to assessing the environmental load and native sustainability of biomass energy. According to Emergy indicators, the production of three-pot cooking system is more sustainable than traditional cookstove systems. Further, the p-value, standard deviation and coefficient of variance derived from the statistical analysis indicate a significant relationship between feedstock size and thermal efficiency of the developed cookstove.
{"title":"Energy, Exergy, Emergy, Environment, and Economics Analysis of a Three-pot Cookstove","authors":"None Narayan Lal Panwar, None Kirtika Sharma, None Neelam Rathore","doi":"10.52151/jae2023603.1814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52151/jae2023603.1814","url":null,"abstract":"As per World Bank's collection of development indicators, about 65% of India's population still live in rural regions, where biomass will continue to be the primary source of energy for cooking. Consumers and governments are concerned about the amount of energy used in cooking. Furthermore, the use of biomass fuel in traditional biomass stoves has been associated with human health, with women being more susceptible to exposure to indoor air pollution and health issues during cooking. This study analysed the performance of a three-pot cookstove suitable for a family of 6 persons with respect to its energy, exergy, emergy, environment, and economics. Emergent indicators such as percent renewable (PR), emergent yield ratio (EYR), environmental load ratio (ELR), and environmental sustainability index (ESI) are accustomed to assessing the environmental load and native sustainability of biomass energy. According to Emergy indicators, the production of three-pot cooking system is more sustainable than traditional cookstove systems. Further, the p-value, standard deviation and coefficient of variance derived from the statistical analysis indicate a significant relationship between feedstock size and thermal efficiency of the developed cookstove.","PeriodicalId":48507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Engineering","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135094159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.52151/jae2023603.1816
None H. W. Awari, None V. K. Ingle, None U. M. Khodke, None K. A. Balore
Water being a limited resource, its judicious and efficient uses for irrigation is important, especially in summer seasons to meet challenges of water scarcity. Summer okra is an important vegetable crop of India, which requires timely irrigation to achieve higher production. Information on crop coefficient (KC) of okra crop is vital for proper irrigation scheduling. A field experiment was conducted using weighing-type lysimeter at Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth (VNMKV), Parbhani, in Marathwada region (semi-arid climatic condition) of Maharashtra, India, during the summer of 2022. Crop coefficient values for okra crop ranged from 0.61 to 1.41 upto 70 days after dibbling, and then declined to 0.64. The peak value of Kc was 1.41 in the 10th week after dibbling of seeds. The mean value of Kc for initial, development, mid, and late stages were 0.64, 1.07, 1.33, and 0.86, respectively. Estimated Kc values would help in better estimation of irrigation water requirement, proper planning, and utilisation of water resources in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra state.
{"title":"Determination of Crop Coefficient of Okra Crop Using Lysimeter for Semi-arid Climatic Condition of Parbhani, Maharashtra","authors":"None H. W. Awari, None V. K. Ingle, None U. M. Khodke, None K. A. Balore","doi":"10.52151/jae2023603.1816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52151/jae2023603.1816","url":null,"abstract":"Water being a limited resource, its judicious and efficient uses for irrigation is important, especially in summer seasons to meet challenges of water scarcity. Summer okra is an important vegetable crop of India, which requires timely irrigation to achieve higher production. Information on crop coefficient (KC) of okra crop is vital for proper irrigation scheduling. A field experiment was conducted using weighing-type lysimeter at Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth (VNMKV), Parbhani, in Marathwada region (semi-arid climatic condition) of Maharashtra, India, during the summer of 2022. Crop coefficient values for okra crop ranged from 0.61 to 1.41 upto 70 days after dibbling, and then declined to 0.64. The peak value of Kc was 1.41 in the 10th week after dibbling of seeds. The mean value of Kc for initial, development, mid, and late stages were 0.64, 1.07, 1.33, and 0.86, respectively. Estimated Kc values would help in better estimation of irrigation water requirement, proper planning, and utilisation of water resources in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra state.","PeriodicalId":48507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Engineering","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135093573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Physical properties of edible oil are a decisive factor for the characterisation of its quality. Adulteration of pure mustard oil (MO) with argemone oil (AO) is common and rampant. In this study, the effect of dielectric frequency (200, 1000 Hz) on the physical properties such as specific gravity, viscosity, refractive index, and colour of MO blended (0, 25, 50, 75, 100%) with AO was investigated at five (10 - 50 °C) levels of temperature is reported. The individual and interaction effects of frequency, blend ratio, and temperature indicated that there was no significant effect (p≤0.05) on the physical properties of oil samples due to the dielectric frequency. However, the effects of blend ratio on all measured parameters were highly significant (p≤0.01). The effect of temperature was significant (p≤0.05) for all parameters, except refractive index. Viscosity and specific gravity correlated with temperature and blend ratio in third-degree polynomial regression model (R2>0.9) for MO and AO blends. The findings of this study established that dielectric spectroscopy can be used for detection of adulteration in MO without affecting its physico-chemical properties.
{"title":"Quality Characterisation of Mustard (Brassica Nigra) Oil and Its Blends with Argemone (Argemone Mexicana) Oil under Varying Dielectric Frequency and Temperature","authors":"None Anjali Sudhakar, None Subir Kumar Chakraborty, None Saroj Kumar Giri","doi":"10.52151/jae2023603.1813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52151/jae2023603.1813","url":null,"abstract":"Physical properties of edible oil are a decisive factor for the characterisation of its quality. Adulteration of pure mustard oil (MO) with argemone oil (AO) is common and rampant. In this study, the effect of dielectric frequency (200, 1000 Hz) on the physical properties such as specific gravity, viscosity, refractive index, and colour of MO blended (0, 25, 50, 75, 100%) with AO was investigated at five (10 - 50 °C) levels of temperature is reported. The individual and interaction effects of frequency, blend ratio, and temperature indicated that there was no significant effect (p≤0.05) on the physical properties of oil samples due to the dielectric frequency. However, the effects of blend ratio on all measured parameters were highly significant (p≤0.01). The effect of temperature was significant (p≤0.05) for all parameters, except refractive index. Viscosity and specific gravity correlated with temperature and blend ratio in third-degree polynomial regression model (R2>0.9) for MO and AO blends. The findings of this study established that dielectric spectroscopy can be used for detection of adulteration in MO without affecting its physico-chemical properties.","PeriodicalId":48507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Engineering","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135094008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.52151/jae2023603.1811
None P. D. Poovai, None K. A. Athmaselvi, None T. Arumuganathan, None Shubham Subrot Panigrahi, None C. Indu Rani, None R. Neelavathi
A study was conducted on the drying of fig fruits using tray-drying [50 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C for 3 h] and freeze-drying [(-)43 °C for 24 h] dehydration techniques. The physico-chemical properties of fig fruit powder were studied. Different temperatures and methods of drying had effects on the moisture content, water activity, physico-chemical properties, and structural properties. Moisture content and water activity were in the range of 6.5-8.5% (w.b.) and 0.40-0.60, respectively. Powders of 15- 30 μm size range and with a flaky texture had moderate flowability. FTIR analysis exhibited peaks of varied range. XRD analysis showed that the powders were predominately amorphous in nature, and C-type starch was present.
{"title":"Effects of Tray and Freeze Drying on Physico-chemical and Structural Properties of Fig Fruit Powder","authors":"None P. D. Poovai, None K. A. Athmaselvi, None T. Arumuganathan, None Shubham Subrot Panigrahi, None C. Indu Rani, None R. Neelavathi","doi":"10.52151/jae2023603.1811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52151/jae2023603.1811","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted on the drying of fig fruits using tray-drying [50 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C for 3 h] and freeze-drying [(-)43 °C for 24 h] dehydration techniques. The physico-chemical properties of fig fruit powder were studied. Different temperatures and methods of drying had effects on the moisture content, water activity, physico-chemical properties, and structural properties. Moisture content and water activity were in the range of 6.5-8.5% (w.b.) and 0.40-0.60, respectively. Powders of 15- 30 μm size range and with a flaky texture had moderate flowability. FTIR analysis exhibited peaks of varied range. XRD analysis showed that the powders were predominately amorphous in nature, and C-type starch was present.","PeriodicalId":48507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Engineering","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135094668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
None H. W. Awari, None V. K. Ingle, None U. M. Khodke, None K. A. Balore
Water being a limited resource, its judicious and efficient uses for irrigation is important, especially in summer seasons to meet challenges of water scarcity. Summer okra is an important vegetable crop of India, which requires timely irrigation to achieve higher production. Information on crop coefficient (KC) of okra crop is vital for proper irrigation scheduling. A field experiment was conducted using weighing-type lysimeter at Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth (VNMKV), Parbhani, in Marathwada region (semi-arid climatic condition) of Maharashtra, India, during the summer of 2022. Crop coefficient values for okra crop ranged from 0.61 to 1.41 upto 70 days after dibbling, and then declined to 0.64. The peak value of Kc was 1.41 in the 10th week after dibbling of seeds. The mean value of Kc for initial, development, mid, and late stages were 0.64, 1.07, 1.33, and 0.86, respectively. Estimated Kc values would help in better estimation of irrigation water requirement, proper planning, and utilisation of water resources in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra state.
{"title":"Determination of Crop Coefficient of Okra Crop Using Lysimeter for Semi-arid Climatic Condition of Parbhani, Maharashtra","authors":"None H. W. Awari, None V. K. Ingle, None U. M. Khodke, None K. A. Balore","doi":"10.52151/q7mdy181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52151/q7mdy181","url":null,"abstract":"Water being a limited resource, its judicious and efficient uses for irrigation is important, especially in summer seasons to meet challenges of water scarcity. Summer okra is an important vegetable crop of India, which requires timely irrigation to achieve higher production. Information on crop coefficient (KC) of okra crop is vital for proper irrigation scheduling. A field experiment was conducted using weighing-type lysimeter at Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth (VNMKV), Parbhani, in Marathwada region (semi-arid climatic condition) of Maharashtra, India, during the summer of 2022. Crop coefficient values for okra crop ranged from 0.61 to 1.41 upto 70 days after dibbling, and then declined to 0.64. The peak value of Kc was 1.41 in the 10th week after dibbling of seeds. The mean value of Kc for initial, development, mid, and late stages were 0.64, 1.07, 1.33, and 0.86, respectively. Estimated Kc values would help in better estimation of irrigation water requirement, proper planning, and utilisation of water resources in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra state.","PeriodicalId":48507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Engineering","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135094030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hemanthakumar R. Kappali, Sadyojatha K.M., Prashanthi S.K
In most paddy plant diseases, the leaf is the primary source of information for image-based disease identification and classification. Image segmentation is an important step in the plant disease analysis process. It is used to separate the normal part of the leaf from the disease-affected part of the leaf. In this paper diseases like Bacterial leaf blight, Brown spot, and Leaf smut are segmented using existing, K-means clustering, the Otsu thresholding method. Color space-based segmentation is newly proposed for paddy disease analysis. The intelligence of segmentation techniques is evaluated using the Error Rate and Overlap Rate across the three paddy diseases namely, Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB), Brown Spot (BS) and Leaf Smut (LS). The results were compared among the Otsu, K-means and color thresholding segmentation techniques. The results revealed that, the color thresholding method using the Lab model emerged as a novel segmentation method for all three paddy diseases with an average Error Rate (ER) and Overlap Rate (OR) of [0.36, 0.95]. The proposed work is carried out in the department of Electronics and Communication research centre at Ballari Institute of Technology and Management, Ballari, Karnataka during the period from August 2022 to February 2023 with the expert suggestions of the plant pathologist, from the University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, Karnataka.
{"title":"Parametric evaluation of segmentation techniques for paddy diseases analysis","authors":"Hemanthakumar R. Kappali, Sadyojatha K.M., Prashanthi S.K","doi":"10.4081/jae.2023.1532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jae.2023.1532","url":null,"abstract":"In most paddy plant diseases, the leaf is the primary source of information for image-based disease identification and classification. Image segmentation is an important step in the plant disease analysis process. It is used to separate the normal part of the leaf from the disease-affected part of the leaf. In this paper diseases like Bacterial leaf blight, Brown spot, and Leaf smut are segmented using existing, K-means clustering, the Otsu thresholding method. Color space-based segmentation is newly proposed for paddy disease analysis. The intelligence of segmentation techniques is evaluated using the Error Rate and Overlap Rate across the three paddy diseases namely, Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB), Brown Spot (BS) and Leaf Smut (LS). The results were compared among the Otsu, K-means and color thresholding segmentation techniques. The results revealed that, the color thresholding method using the Lab model emerged as a novel segmentation method for all three paddy diseases with an average Error Rate (ER) and Overlap Rate (OR) of [0.36, 0.95]. The proposed work is carried out in the department of Electronics and Communication research centre at Ballari Institute of Technology and Management, Ballari, Karnataka during the period from August 2022 to February 2023 with the expert suggestions of the plant pathologist, from the University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, Karnataka.","PeriodicalId":48507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Engineering","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72576517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Romaniello, Antonietta Eliana Barrasso, A. Berardi, C. Perone, A. Tamborrino, F. Catalano, A. Baiano
Pasta enriched with soy flour can be considered as a functional food, due to its content in nutraceutical compounds such as isoflavones, carotenoids, and other antioxidants. The quantification of the amount of a functional ingredient is an important step in food authenticity. The availability of non-destructive techniques for quantitative and qualitative analyses of food is therefore desirable. This research was aimed to investigate the feasibility of hyperspectral imaging in reflectance mode for the evaluation of the soy flour content, also to investigate on the possibility to implement a feed-back control system to precisely dose the soy flour during the industrial production of pasta. Samples of pasta in shape of spaghetti were produced with durum wheat semolina and soy flour at increasing percentages (0, to 50%, steps of 5%). A feature selection algorithm was used to predict the amount of soy flour. The most influent wavelengths were selected, and a six-term Gauss function was trained, validated, and tested. The identified transfer function was able to predict the percentage of soy flour with high accuracy, with an R2adj value of 0.98 and RMSE 1.31. The developed system could represent a feasible tool to control the process in a continuous mode.
{"title":"Hyperspectral imaging system to on-line monitoring the soy flour content in a functional pasta","authors":"R. Romaniello, Antonietta Eliana Barrasso, A. Berardi, C. Perone, A. Tamborrino, F. Catalano, A. Baiano","doi":"10.4081/jae.2023.1535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jae.2023.1535","url":null,"abstract":"Pasta enriched with soy flour can be considered as a functional food, due to its content in nutraceutical compounds such as isoflavones, carotenoids, and other antioxidants. The quantification of the amount of a functional ingredient is an important step in food authenticity. The availability of non-destructive techniques for quantitative and qualitative analyses of food is therefore desirable. This research was aimed to investigate the feasibility of hyperspectral imaging in reflectance mode for the evaluation of the soy flour content, also to investigate on the possibility to implement a feed-back control system to precisely dose the soy flour during the industrial production of pasta. Samples of pasta in shape of spaghetti were produced with durum wheat semolina and soy flour at increasing percentages (0, to 50%, steps of 5%). A feature selection algorithm was used to predict the amount of soy flour. The most influent wavelengths were selected, and a six-term Gauss function was trained, validated, and tested. The identified transfer function was able to predict the percentage of soy flour with high accuracy, with an R2adj value of 0.98 and RMSE 1.31. The developed system could represent a feasible tool to control the process in a continuous mode.","PeriodicalId":48507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73226875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the development of high-performance computing technology, the number of scientific publications regarding computational modelling of applications with the Discrete Element Method/Modelling (DEM) approaches in agricultural engineering has risen in the past decades. Many granular materials, e.g. grains, fruits and soils in agricultural engineering are processed, and thus a better understanding of these granular media with DEM is of great significance in design and optimization of tools and process in agricultural engineering. In this review, the theory and background of DEM have been introduced. Some improved contact models discussed in the literature for accurately predicting the contact force between two interacting particles have been compared. Accurate approximation of irregular particle shapes is of great importance in DEM simulations to model real particles in agricultural engineering. New algorithms to approximate irregular particle shapes, e.g. overlapping multi-sphere approach, ellipsoid, etc. have been summarized. Some remarkable engineering applications of the improved numerical models developed and implemented in DEM are discussed. Finally, potential applications of DEM and some suggested further work are addressed in the last section of this review.
{"title":"A review of the Discrete Element Method/Modelling (DEM) in agricultural engineering","authors":"Q. Guo, Huihuang Xia","doi":"10.4081/jae.2023.1534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jae.2023.1534","url":null,"abstract":"With the development of high-performance computing technology, the number of scientific publications regarding computational modelling of applications with the Discrete Element Method/Modelling (DEM) approaches in agricultural engineering has risen in the past decades. Many granular materials, e.g. grains, fruits and soils in agricultural engineering are processed, and thus a better understanding of these granular media with DEM is of great significance in design and optimization of tools and process in agricultural engineering. In this review, the theory and background of DEM have been introduced. Some improved contact models discussed in the literature for accurately predicting the contact force between two interacting particles have been compared. Accurate approximation of irregular particle shapes is of great importance in DEM simulations to model real particles in agricultural engineering. New algorithms to approximate irregular particle shapes, e.g. overlapping multi-sphere approach, ellipsoid, etc. have been summarized. Some remarkable engineering applications of the improved numerical models developed and implemented in DEM are discussed. Finally, potential applications of DEM and some suggested further work are addressed in the last section of this review.","PeriodicalId":48507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Engineering","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90754766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giovanna Calia, Vittorio Serra, Antonio Ledda, A. De Montis
Excessive anthropogenic activities affect landscape patterns and trigger a decrease of natural capital and the level of quality of life. Green infrastructures (GIs) are commonly accepted by scholars as solutions for restoring degraded areas and providing a variety of ecosystem services (ESs). The other way around, the capacity to deliver ESs can be assumed as a relevant starting point for GIs analysis and planning. The assessment of ESs needs extensive investigation and applications, to provide planners, policy makers, and institutional stakeholders with an adequate evaluation tool. The multi-facet nature of ESs assessment implies the use of complex tools able to consider many concerns. In this regard, multicriteria analysis (MCA) is a very popular tool due to its capacity to intertwine a variety of issues in a rigorous way and to support participatory and transparent decision making in the public domain. In this study, we aim at contributing to the integration of GI design into spatial planning starting from the assessment of the net benefit delivered to local society by a GI in the metropolitan area of Bordeaux (France). We assessed the net benefit by confronting the ESs deliverable by the GI and the cost sustained for its construction and maintenance. We applied an MCA-based method to the selection of the most efficient alternative out of three GI paths. We demonstrate that our method is useful for the assessment of cultural and regulating ESs, comparing the GI design alternatives, and considering the preference model of the stakeholders within GI planning and design.
{"title":"Green infrastructure planning based on ecosystem services multicriteria evaluation: the case of the metropolitan wine landscapes of Bordeaux","authors":"Giovanna Calia, Vittorio Serra, Antonio Ledda, A. De Montis","doi":"10.4081/jae.2023.1531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jae.2023.1531","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive anthropogenic activities affect landscape patterns and trigger a decrease of natural capital and the level of quality of life. Green infrastructures (GIs) are commonly accepted by scholars as solutions for restoring degraded areas and providing a variety of ecosystem services (ESs). The other way around, the capacity to deliver ESs can be assumed as a relevant starting point for GIs analysis and planning. The assessment of ESs needs extensive investigation and applications, to provide planners, policy makers, and institutional stakeholders with an adequate evaluation tool. The multi-facet nature of ESs assessment implies the use of complex tools able to consider many concerns. In this regard, multicriteria analysis (MCA) is a very popular tool due to its capacity to intertwine a variety of issues in a rigorous way and to support participatory and transparent decision making in the public domain. In this study, we aim at contributing to the integration of GI design into spatial planning starting from the assessment of the net benefit delivered to local society by a GI in the metropolitan area of Bordeaux (France). We assessed the net benefit by confronting the ESs deliverable by the GI and the cost sustained for its construction and maintenance. We applied an MCA-based method to the selection of the most efficient alternative out of three GI paths. We demonstrate that our method is useful for the assessment of cultural and regulating ESs, comparing the GI design alternatives, and considering the preference model of the stakeholders within GI planning and design.","PeriodicalId":48507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74722967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Singhpoo, K. Saengprachatanarug, S. Wongpichet, J. Posom, Kanda Runapongsa Saikaew
The quality of fresh cassava roots can be increased through the use of precision equipment. As a first step towards developing an automatic cassava root cutting system, this study demonstrates the use of a computer vision system with deep learning for cassava stalk detection. An RGB image of a cassava tree mounted on a cassava-pulling machine was captured, and the YOLO v4 model and two Mask R-CNN models with ResNet 101 and ResNet 50 base architectures were employed to train the weights to predict the position of the cassava stalk. One hundred test images of stalks of various shapes and sizes were used to determine the grasping point and inclination, and the results from manual annotation were compared with the predicted results. Regarding localisation, Mask R-CNN with ResNet 101 gave a significantly higher performance than the other models, with an F1 score and a mean IoU of 0.81 and 0.70, respectively. YOLO v4 showed the highest correlation for the x- and y-coordinates for the prediction of the grasping point, with values for R2 of 0.89 and 0.53, respectively. For inclination prediction, Mask R-CNN with ResNet 101 and Mask R-CNN with ResNet 50 gave the same level of correlation, with values for R2 of 0.50 and 0.61, respectively. These results were acceptable for use as design criteria for developing a cassava rootcutting robot.
{"title":"Cassava stalk detection for a cassava harvesting robot based on YOLO v4 and Mask R-CNN","authors":"T. Singhpoo, K. Saengprachatanarug, S. Wongpichet, J. Posom, Kanda Runapongsa Saikaew","doi":"10.4081/jae.2023.1301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jae.2023.1301","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of fresh cassava roots can be increased through the use of precision equipment. As a first step towards developing an automatic cassava root cutting system, this study demonstrates the use of a computer vision system with deep learning for cassava stalk detection. An RGB image of a cassava tree mounted on a cassava-pulling machine was captured, and the YOLO v4 model and two Mask R-CNN models with ResNet 101 and ResNet 50 base architectures were employed to train the weights to predict the position of the cassava stalk. One hundred test images of stalks of various shapes and sizes were used to determine the grasping point and inclination, and the results from manual annotation were compared with the predicted results. Regarding localisation, Mask R-CNN with ResNet 101 gave a significantly higher performance than the other models, with an F1 score and a mean IoU of 0.81 and 0.70, respectively. YOLO v4 showed the highest correlation for the x- and y-coordinates for the prediction of the grasping point, with values for R2 of 0.89 and 0.53, respectively. For inclination prediction, Mask R-CNN with ResNet 101 and Mask R-CNN with ResNet 50 gave the same level of correlation, with values for R2 of 0.50 and 0.61, respectively. These results were acceptable for use as design criteria for developing a cassava rootcutting robot.","PeriodicalId":48507,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Engineering","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87015329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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