Pub Date : 2021-09-28DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2021.1981477
Yang Yu, A. N. Hoshyar, Huan Li, Guang Zhang, Weiqiang Wang
ABSTRACT Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) has been demonstrated to be effective in structural vibration control because of controllable stiffness and damping properties with the effect of external magnetic fields. To achieve a high performance of MRE device-based vibration control, a robust and accurate model is necessary to describe nonlinear dynamics of MRE device. This article aims at realising this target via nonlinear modeling of an innovative MRE device, i.e. MRE vibration isolator. First, the field-dependent properties of MRE isolator were analysed based on experimental data of the isolator in various dynamic tests. Then, a phenomenal model was developed to account for these unique characteristics of MRE-based device. Moreover, an improved PSO algorithm was designed to estimate model parameters. Based on identification results, a generalised model was proposed to clarify the field-dependent properties of the isolator due to varied currents, which was then validated by random and earthquake-excited test data. Based on the proposed model, a frequency control strategy was designed for semi-active control of MRE devices-incorporated smart structure for vibration suppression. Finally, using a three-storey frame model and four benchmark earthquakes, a numerical study was conducted to validate the performance of control strategy based on the generalised current-dependent model with satisfactory results. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Nonlinear characterization of magnetorheological elastomer-based smart device for structural seismic mitigation","authors":"Yang Yu, A. N. Hoshyar, Huan Li, Guang Zhang, Weiqiang Wang","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2021.1981477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2021.1981477","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) has been demonstrated to be effective in structural vibration control because of controllable stiffness and damping properties with the effect of external magnetic fields. To achieve a high performance of MRE device-based vibration control, a robust and accurate model is necessary to describe nonlinear dynamics of MRE device. This article aims at realising this target via nonlinear modeling of an innovative MRE device, i.e. MRE vibration isolator. First, the field-dependent properties of MRE isolator were analysed based on experimental data of the isolator in various dynamic tests. Then, a phenomenal model was developed to account for these unique characteristics of MRE-based device. Moreover, an improved PSO algorithm was designed to estimate model parameters. Based on identification results, a generalised model was proposed to clarify the field-dependent properties of the isolator due to varied currents, which was then validated by random and earthquake-excited test data. Based on the proposed model, a frequency control strategy was designed for semi-active control of MRE devices-incorporated smart structure for vibration suppression. Finally, using a three-storey frame model and four benchmark earthquakes, a numerical study was conducted to validate the performance of control strategy based on the generalised current-dependent model with satisfactory results. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":"390 - 428"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43592272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-24DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2021.1966855
J. Dong, Gaoyuan Ye, Yongjun Wang, F. Jin, Hualin Fan
ABSTRACT Introducing buckling pattern into straight-walled lattice structure, anovel buckling inspired lattice meta-structure (BILM) was designed and fabricated using polylactic acid (PLA) by three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. The square lattice structure with positive Poisson’s ratio (PPR) is transformed into negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) structure by buckling induction. Curved struts decrease the maximum strain, prohibit strut fracture, increase strut contact and induce ductile bending deformation. The meta-topology changes the crushing pattern from brittle layer-by-layer fracture, hybrid crushing pattern to stable plastic crushing when increasing the central angle from 0° to 120°. Buckling inspired meta-lattice structures can obviously improve the energy absorption (EA) performance through reducing the initial peak force (IPF) while increasing the EA, specific energy absorption (SEA) and crushing force efficiency (CFE). Ductile crushing endows BILM excellent EA.
{"title":"Design, manufacture and crushing behaviors of buckling-inspired auxetic meta-lattice structures","authors":"J. Dong, Gaoyuan Ye, Yongjun Wang, F. Jin, Hualin Fan","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2021.1966855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2021.1966855","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introducing buckling pattern into straight-walled lattice structure, anovel buckling inspired lattice meta-structure (BILM) was designed and fabricated using polylactic acid (PLA) by three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. The square lattice structure with positive Poisson’s ratio (PPR) is transformed into negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) structure by buckling induction. Curved struts decrease the maximum strain, prohibit strut fracture, increase strut contact and induce ductile bending deformation. The meta-topology changes the crushing pattern from brittle layer-by-layer fracture, hybrid crushing pattern to stable plastic crushing when increasing the central angle from 0° to 120°. Buckling inspired meta-lattice structures can obviously improve the energy absorption (EA) performance through reducing the initial peak force (IPF) while increasing the EA, specific energy absorption (SEA) and crushing force efficiency (CFE). Ductile crushing endows BILM excellent EA.","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":"491 - 510"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45708984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-17DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2021.1961909
Zhencai Xing, Hu Yong
ABSTRACT The hard-magnetic soft materials which can sustain high residual magnetic flux density gradually attract the attention of researchers because of potential applications in soft robotics and biomedical fields. In this work, we focus on the dynamic response of hard-magnetic soft materials. The dynamic motion equations are derived by the Euler-Lagrange equation. The effects of the aspect radio on the nonlinear vibration of the hard-magnetic soft cuboid under the force and applied magnetic fields in different directions are investigated. The amplitude-frequency curves demonstrate that the aspect ratio also has an influence on the frequency and amplitude of the primary resonance. Moreover, to eliminate undesired vibration responses, the PID controller is applied to the vibration of the hard-magnetic soft materials, and the desired results can be obtained. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Dynamic analysis and active control of hard-magnetic soft materials","authors":"Zhencai Xing, Hu Yong","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2021.1961909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2021.1961909","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The hard-magnetic soft materials which can sustain high residual magnetic flux density gradually attract the attention of researchers because of potential applications in soft robotics and biomedical fields. In this work, we focus on the dynamic response of hard-magnetic soft materials. The dynamic motion equations are derived by the Euler-Lagrange equation. The effects of the aspect radio on the nonlinear vibration of the hard-magnetic soft cuboid under the force and applied magnetic fields in different directions are investigated. The amplitude-frequency curves demonstrate that the aspect ratio also has an influence on the frequency and amplitude of the primary resonance. Moreover, to eliminate undesired vibration responses, the PID controller is applied to the vibration of the hard-magnetic soft materials, and the desired results can be obtained. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":"429 - 449"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41609780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-28DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2021.1958091
Jianying Hu, Nan Jiang, Jianke Du
ABSTRACT The present work investigates the thermally controlled deformation characteristics in temperature-sensitive hydrogels bilayers. The free energy density for temperature-sensitive hydrogels is modified, upon which the finite element model is developed and implemented through user-defined material subroutine UHYPER in the commercial software ABAQUS. The modified UHYPER implementation allows for more vividly depicting the continuous deformation in phase temperature region for temperature-sensitive hydrogels. Several thermally controlled cases of temperature-sensitive hydrogel including grippers, self-folding boxes, thermally driven origami are presented to illustrate a wide array of complex interesting applications or phenomena. Furthermore, we develop a simple model to theoretically calculate the bending angle of the temperature-sensitive hydrogel bilayers, which has been validated by the finite element simulation results. Our study can provide more insights for optimal design in thermally controlled hydrogels structures. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Thermally controlled large deformation in temperature-sensitive hydrogels bilayers","authors":"Jianying Hu, Nan Jiang, Jianke Du","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2021.1958091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2021.1958091","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present work investigates the thermally controlled deformation characteristics in temperature-sensitive hydrogels bilayers. The free energy density for temperature-sensitive hydrogels is modified, upon which the finite element model is developed and implemented through user-defined material subroutine UHYPER in the commercial software ABAQUS. The modified UHYPER implementation allows for more vividly depicting the continuous deformation in phase temperature region for temperature-sensitive hydrogels. Several thermally controlled cases of temperature-sensitive hydrogel including grippers, self-folding boxes, thermally driven origami are presented to illustrate a wide array of complex interesting applications or phenomena. Furthermore, we develop a simple model to theoretically calculate the bending angle of the temperature-sensitive hydrogel bilayers, which has been validated by the finite element simulation results. Our study can provide more insights for optimal design in thermally controlled hydrogels structures. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":"450 - 471"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19475411.2021.1958091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45557456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2021.1952335
Zhenqing Li, Xiangnan He, Jianxiang Cheng, Honggeng Li, Yuan-Fang Zhang, Xiaojuan Shi, Kai Yu, H. Yang, Qiuxuan Ge
ABSTRACT Stretchable strain sensor detects a wide range of strain variation and is therefore a key component in various applications. Unlike traditional ones made of elastomers doped with conductive components or fabricated with liquid conductors, ionically conductive hydrogel-based strain sensors remain conductive under large deformations and are biocompatible. However, dehydration is a challenging issue for the latter. Researchers have developed hydrogel-elastomer-based strain sensors where an elastomer matrix encapsulates a hydrogel circuit to prevent its dehydration. However, the reported multi-step approaches are generally time-consuming. Our group recently reported a multimaterial 3D printing approach that enables fast fabrication of such sensors, yet requires a self-built digital-light-processing-based multimaterial 3D printer. Here, we report a simple projection lithography method to fabricate hydrogel-elastomer-based stretchable strain sensors within 5 minutes. This method only requires a UV projector/lamp with photomasks; the chemicals are commercially available; the protocols for preparing the polymer precursors are friendly to users without chemistry background. Moreover, the manufacturing flexibility allows users to readily pattern the sensor circuit and attach the sensor to a 3D printed soft pneumatic actuator to enable strain sensing on the latter. The proposed approach paves a simple and versatile way to fabricate hydrogel-elastomer-based stretchable strain sensors and flexible electronic devices. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Hydrogel-elastomer-based stretchable strain sensor fabricated by a simple projection lithography method","authors":"Zhenqing Li, Xiangnan He, Jianxiang Cheng, Honggeng Li, Yuan-Fang Zhang, Xiaojuan Shi, Kai Yu, H. Yang, Qiuxuan Ge","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2021.1952335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2021.1952335","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Stretchable strain sensor detects a wide range of strain variation and is therefore a key component in various applications. Unlike traditional ones made of elastomers doped with conductive components or fabricated with liquid conductors, ionically conductive hydrogel-based strain sensors remain conductive under large deformations and are biocompatible. However, dehydration is a challenging issue for the latter. Researchers have developed hydrogel-elastomer-based strain sensors where an elastomer matrix encapsulates a hydrogel circuit to prevent its dehydration. However, the reported multi-step approaches are generally time-consuming. Our group recently reported a multimaterial 3D printing approach that enables fast fabrication of such sensors, yet requires a self-built digital-light-processing-based multimaterial 3D printer. Here, we report a simple projection lithography method to fabricate hydrogel-elastomer-based stretchable strain sensors within 5 minutes. This method only requires a UV projector/lamp with photomasks; the chemicals are commercially available; the protocols for preparing the polymer precursors are friendly to users without chemistry background. Moreover, the manufacturing flexibility allows users to readily pattern the sensor circuit and attach the sensor to a 3D printed soft pneumatic actuator to enable strain sensing on the latter. The proposed approach paves a simple and versatile way to fabricate hydrogel-elastomer-based stretchable strain sensors and flexible electronic devices. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":"256 - 268"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19475411.2021.1952335","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46256075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2021.1958089
Jianping Gu, Xiaopeng Zhang, Hao Duan, Mengqi Wan, Huiyu Sun
ABSTRACT The nano-carbon powders are often used as fillers to endow the shape memory polymers (SMPs) with electroconductivity. It has been found that the shape memory effects (SMEs) of SMPs filled with nano-carbon powder can be triggered both by temperature and by water. To reveal the driving mechanism of SMEs, a constitutive model for describing the thermally activated and moisture activated SMEs of these shape memory polymer composite (SMPCs) is developed here. Because both of the SMEs share the same driving mechanism, the variable moisture is incorporated into the framework of a thermo-mechanical modeling approach to disclose the effect of moisture on the thermoviscoelastic properties. The SMPCs are regarded as isotropic materials and the effect of carbon powder on the mechanical properties of the matrix is also considered in the paper. Because the complete recovery may not be reached even they are exposed to the stimulus environment long enough, the blocking mechanism is also considered here. This is the mainly new contribution compared to the early work. Using the method of parameter determination presented here, the effectiveness of the proposed hygro-thermo-mechanical constitutive model is confirmed by comparing the model results with the test data of uniaxial deformation from the literature. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"A hygro-thermo-mechanical constitutive model for shape memory polymers filled with nano-carbon powder","authors":"Jianping Gu, Xiaopeng Zhang, Hao Duan, Mengqi Wan, Huiyu Sun","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2021.1958089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2021.1958089","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The nano-carbon powders are often used as fillers to endow the shape memory polymers (SMPs) with electroconductivity. It has been found that the shape memory effects (SMEs) of SMPs filled with nano-carbon powder can be triggered both by temperature and by water. To reveal the driving mechanism of SMEs, a constitutive model for describing the thermally activated and moisture activated SMEs of these shape memory polymer composite (SMPCs) is developed here. Because both of the SMEs share the same driving mechanism, the variable moisture is incorporated into the framework of a thermo-mechanical modeling approach to disclose the effect of moisture on the thermoviscoelastic properties. The SMPCs are regarded as isotropic materials and the effect of carbon powder on the mechanical properties of the matrix is also considered in the paper. Because the complete recovery may not be reached even they are exposed to the stimulus environment long enough, the blocking mechanism is also considered here. This is the mainly new contribution compared to the early work. Using the method of parameter determination presented here, the effectiveness of the proposed hygro-thermo-mechanical constitutive model is confirmed by comparing the model results with the test data of uniaxial deformation from the literature. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":"286 - 306"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42325234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2021.1972053
Cuiping Liu, Jinfan Qi, Bingbing He, Huangchu Zhang, Jie Ju, Xi Yao
ABSTRACT Ionic conductive gels are promising soft conductors for stretchable and flexible electronics. Unfortunately, the basic requirements for an ideal ionic conductive gel, including environmental and chemical stability as well as low toxicity and low cost do not usually coincide in one material. Here we report an ionic conductive gel containing deep eutectic solvents (DES), which are specialized ionic liquids composed of propylene glycol (PG, hydrogen bonding donor) and various salts. In experiments, the DES-gel loses about 10% of the original weight in dry air (5– 9% relative humidity) for 7 days and its conductivity remains unaltered. Comparing to regular salt-containing hydrogels, it exhibits exceptional resistance to metal corrosion. We demonstrate the advantage of DES-gels as the ionic electrode in a flexible and stretchable electroluminescent device, especially in cold environment (−20°C). Through this study, we discover a new candidate for cheap and safe soft ionic conductors with excellent environmental and chemical stability. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Ionic conductive gels based on deep eutectic solvents","authors":"Cuiping Liu, Jinfan Qi, Bingbing He, Huangchu Zhang, Jie Ju, Xi Yao","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2021.1972053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2021.1972053","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ionic conductive gels are promising soft conductors for stretchable and flexible electronics. Unfortunately, the basic requirements for an ideal ionic conductive gel, including environmental and chemical stability as well as low toxicity and low cost do not usually coincide in one material. Here we report an ionic conductive gel containing deep eutectic solvents (DES), which are specialized ionic liquids composed of propylene glycol (PG, hydrogen bonding donor) and various salts. In experiments, the DES-gel loses about 10% of the original weight in dry air (5– 9% relative humidity) for 7 days and its conductivity remains unaltered. Comparing to regular salt-containing hydrogels, it exhibits exceptional resistance to metal corrosion. We demonstrate the advantage of DES-gels as the ionic electrode in a flexible and stretchable electroluminescent device, especially in cold environment (−20°C). Through this study, we discover a new candidate for cheap and safe soft ionic conductors with excellent environmental and chemical stability. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":"337 - 350"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45260423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2021.1959463
Weili Yan, Zhuohao Xiao, Xiuying Li, Xiang Wu, L. Kong
ABSTRACT Commercial Chinese ink was employed to disperse pristine vapor-grown carbon nanofibers (VGCNFs) in aqueous suspensions via horizontal ball milling. The obtained suspension was used to fabricate conductive paper-based composites through filtration-deposition onto filter paper. It was found that the carbon black particles from the Chinese ink helped separate VGCNFs and acted as connection points between the VGCNFs, while the glue reinforced the conduction network. Thus, the VGCNF-ink/paper ternary composite showed sufficiently low sheet resistance. With merely 2.5 mg·cm−2 VGCNFs, the sheet resistance could be reduced to 4.5 Ω·sq−1. As a proof of concept, these paper-based composites were directly used as electrodes of solid-state symmetric electronic double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and the substrate for the electrodeposition of MnO2 to achieve higher electrochemical performances. The EDLCs fabricated with 2.5 mg·cm−2 VGCNFs showed a specific capacitance of 224 mF·cm−2 at a current density of 1 mA·cm−2, which was retained by 86.4% after 10,000 charge-discharge cycles. Moreover, thanks to the high electrical conductivity and the porous structure, the MnO2 decorated paper-based composites exhibited dramatically enhanced specific capacitance. It is believed that our finding offers an idea to directly utilize commercial Chinese ink for the fabrication of electrode materials.
{"title":"Chinese ink-facilitated fabrication of paper-based composites as electrodes for supercapacitors","authors":"Weili Yan, Zhuohao Xiao, Xiuying Li, Xiang Wu, L. Kong","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2021.1959463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2021.1959463","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Commercial Chinese ink was employed to disperse pristine vapor-grown carbon nanofibers (VGCNFs) in aqueous suspensions via horizontal ball milling. The obtained suspension was used to fabricate conductive paper-based composites through filtration-deposition onto filter paper. It was found that the carbon black particles from the Chinese ink helped separate VGCNFs and acted as connection points between the VGCNFs, while the glue reinforced the conduction network. Thus, the VGCNF-ink/paper ternary composite showed sufficiently low sheet resistance. With merely 2.5 mg·cm−2 VGCNFs, the sheet resistance could be reduced to 4.5 Ω·sq−1. As a proof of concept, these paper-based composites were directly used as electrodes of solid-state symmetric electronic double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and the substrate for the electrodeposition of MnO2 to achieve higher electrochemical performances. The EDLCs fabricated with 2.5 mg·cm−2 VGCNFs showed a specific capacitance of 224 mF·cm−2 at a current density of 1 mA·cm−2, which was retained by 86.4% after 10,000 charge-discharge cycles. Moreover, thanks to the high electrical conductivity and the porous structure, the MnO2 decorated paper-based composites exhibited dramatically enhanced specific capacitance. It is believed that our finding offers an idea to directly utilize commercial Chinese ink for the fabrication of electrode materials.","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":"351 - 374"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19475411.2021.1959463","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46455895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2021.1948457
Yan-cheng Wang, Jie Jin, Yingtong Lu, Deqing Mei
ABSTRACT Tactile sensors have been used for haptic perception in intelligent robotics, smart prosthetics, and human-machine interface. The development of multifunctional tactile sensor remains a challenge and limit its application in flexible electronics and devices. We propose a liquid metal based tactile sensor for both temperature and force sensing which is made by 3D printing. The structural design and working principle of liquid metal based tactile sensor are firstly described. A digital light processing-based printing process is developed to print two kinds of photosensitive resins with different hardness, and used to fabricate the tactile sensor. A Wheatstone bridge circuit is designed for decoupling the temperature and forces from the measured output voltages. Characterization tests show that the tactile sensor has relatively high force sensing sensitivity of 0.29 N-1, and temperature sensing sensitivities are 0.55% °C−1 at 20 ~ 50 °C and 0.21% °C−1 at 50 ~ 80 °C, respectively. Then, the fabricated tactile sensor is mounted onto hand finger to measure the contact force and temperature during grasping. Results show that the 3D printed tactile sensor has excellent flexibility and durability and can accurately measure the temperature and contact forces, which demonstrate its potential in robotic manipulation applications. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"3D Printing of Liquid Metal Based Tactile Sensor for Simultaneously Sensing of Temperature and Forces","authors":"Yan-cheng Wang, Jie Jin, Yingtong Lu, Deqing Mei","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2021.1948457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2021.1948457","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Tactile sensors have been used for haptic perception in intelligent robotics, smart prosthetics, and human-machine interface. The development of multifunctional tactile sensor remains a challenge and limit its application in flexible electronics and devices. We propose a liquid metal based tactile sensor for both temperature and force sensing which is made by 3D printing. The structural design and working principle of liquid metal based tactile sensor are firstly described. A digital light processing-based printing process is developed to print two kinds of photosensitive resins with different hardness, and used to fabricate the tactile sensor. A Wheatstone bridge circuit is designed for decoupling the temperature and forces from the measured output voltages. Characterization tests show that the tactile sensor has relatively high force sensing sensitivity of 0.29 N-1, and temperature sensing sensitivities are 0.55% °C−1 at 20 ~ 50 °C and 0.21% °C−1 at 50 ~ 80 °C, respectively. Then, the fabricated tactile sensor is mounted onto hand finger to measure the contact force and temperature during grasping. Results show that the 3D printed tactile sensor has excellent flexibility and durability and can accurately measure the temperature and contact forces, which demonstrate its potential in robotic manipulation applications. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":"269 - 285"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19475411.2021.1948457","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41948894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2021.1958085
Gengrui Zhao, Bo Lv, Honggang Wang, Baoping Yang, Zhenyu Li, Junfang Ren, Gao Gui, Wenguang Liu, Shengrong Yang, Linlin Li
ABSTRACT Ionogels is a kind of hybrid materials composed of ionic liquids (ILs) and solid polymer network matrix, has been extensively investigated in the most recent decade. Due to the excellent mechanical properties and ionic conductivity, their promising applications in flexible stress and strain sensors have been proposed and explosively developed. In this review, we briefly summarize research progresses on ionogel based flexible stress and strain sensors (IFSSs) from five aspects, including material synthesis, device fabrication, working principles, characteristics and performances, and potential applications. Some outlooks and perspectives are also proposed at the end of review. The review is expected to provide reference and new insights into the research of IFSS. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Ionogel-based flexible stress and strain sensors","authors":"Gengrui Zhao, Bo Lv, Honggang Wang, Baoping Yang, Zhenyu Li, Junfang Ren, Gao Gui, Wenguang Liu, Shengrong Yang, Linlin Li","doi":"10.1080/19475411.2021.1958085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19475411.2021.1958085","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ionogels is a kind of hybrid materials composed of ionic liquids (ILs) and solid polymer network matrix, has been extensively investigated in the most recent decade. Due to the excellent mechanical properties and ionic conductivity, their promising applications in flexible stress and strain sensors have been proposed and explosively developed. In this review, we briefly summarize research progresses on ionogel based flexible stress and strain sensors (IFSSs) from five aspects, including material synthesis, device fabrication, working principles, characteristics and performances, and potential applications. Some outlooks and perspectives are also proposed at the end of review. The review is expected to provide reference and new insights into the research of IFSS. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":48516,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":"307 - 336"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42005555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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