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Development and implementation of medium-fidelity physics-based model for hybrid digital twin-based damage identification of piping structures 为基于混合数字孪生的管道结构损伤识别开发和实施中等保真度物理模型
IF 4.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1007/s13349-024-00856-z
Pei Yi Siow, Bing Zhen Cheah, Zhi Chao Ong, Shin Yee Khoo, Meisam Gordan, Kok-Sing Lim

Current predictive maintenance technologies are mostly data-driven, where they identify complex relationships using statistics and machine learning (ML) models for damage prediction. The main disadvantage of data-driven or ML models is their high dependency on training data, making them poor in extrapolating and predicting untrained events. Hence, engineers prefer a physics-based model in most cases due to its strong interpretability that aids in supporting critical engineering decisions. However, high-fidelity physics-based models are computationally exhaustive. To preserve the merits and alleviate the inadequacy of both data-driven and physics-based models, recent years have shown an increase in works on hybrid digital twin (DT) models which integrate both methods. This work presents the development of a medium-fidelity physics-based model of a piping structure and its implementation in a hybrid DT for damage identification. Two modelling approaches for the piping support bolted connections were investigated, i.e., bonded contact and spring-based model. The developed physics-based models were correlated with the modal testing data. Results showed that with suitable spring stiffness, the spring-based model has better dynamical representation than the overly stiff bonded contact model with an average natural frequencies deviation below 10% and an average Modal Assurance Criterion (MAC) value of at least 0.75 for both undamaged and damaged conditions. The correlated medium-fidelity spring-based model was used to simulate damage cases for ML training. Results showed that the trained model achieved an accuracy of 95% in identifying the damage at the physical piping structure, thus validating the proposed hybrid DT in damage identification.

当前的预测性维护技术大多是数据驱动型的,它们利用统计数据和机器学习(ML)模型来识别复杂的关系,从而进行损坏预测。数据驱动或 ML 模型的主要缺点是高度依赖训练数据,因此在推断和预测未经训练的事件方面表现不佳。因此,在大多数情况下,工程师更倾向于使用基于物理的模型,因为它具有很强的可解释性,有助于支持关键的工程决策。然而,基于物理的高保真模型需要耗费大量计算资源。为了保留数据驱动模型和物理模型的优点并缓解其不足,近年来,将这两种方法整合在一起的混合数字孪生(DT)模型的研究越来越多。这项工作介绍了管道结构的中等保真度物理模型的开发及其在混合数字孪生模型中的实施,以进行损伤识别。研究了管道支撑螺栓连接的两种建模方法,即粘接接触模型和基于弹簧的模型。所开发的基于物理的模型与模态测试数据相关联。结果表明,在弹簧刚度合适的情况下,基于弹簧的模型比刚度过大的粘接接触模型具有更好的动态代表性,其平均自然频率偏差低于 10%,在未损坏和已损坏的情况下,平均模态保证标准(MAC)值至少为 0.75。相关的基于弹簧的中等保真度模型用于模拟损伤情况,以进行 ML 训练。结果表明,训练后的模型在识别物理管道结构的损坏方面达到了 95% 的准确率,从而验证了所提出的混合 DT 在损坏识别方面的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Innovated bridge health diagnosis model using bridge critical frequency ratio 利用桥梁临界频率的创新桥梁健康诊断模型
IF 4.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1007/s13349-024-00852-3
Min-Yuan Cheng, Moh Nur Sholeh, You-Gang Guo

The current bridge routine detection method in Taiwan relies on DER&U visual inspection, emphasizing ease and time efficiency. However, its accuracy is contingent on inspectors' experience and fails to assess internal pillar damage from external attacks. The prevalent direct approach in Taiwan Highway Administration, while obtaining dynamic bridge properties, involves mounting vibration sensors directly on the bridge, incurring significant time and cost. This research introduces an indirect approach, enhancing portability and cost-effectiveness by installing sensors on vehicles rather than bridges. To establish a bridge health standard, the study develops bridge models and conducts pushover analyses to speculate on the variation of the bridge vibration frequency ratio (({R}_{ec}) and ({R}_{sc})). This ratio serves as a crucial reference for determining bridge safety. To mitigate time and cost constraints, the research employs a hybrid symbiotic organisms search-least squares support vector machine (SOS-LSSVM) for ({R}_{ec}) and ({R}_{sc}). The results enable the determination of vibration frequency ratios for the bridge safety standard. The indirect approach proves valuable for the Taiwan Highway Administration, allowing bridge frequency measurement under normal circumstances and post-disaster, facilitating timely decisions on bridge openings and providing a reference for regular maintenance based on bridge health assessments.

台湾目前的桥梁常规检测方法主要依靠 DER&U 视觉检测,强调简便、省时。然而,其准确性取决于检测人员的经验,无法评估外部攻击对内部支柱造成的损坏。台湾公路管理局普遍采用的直接方法在获取桥梁动态特性的同时,需要在桥梁上直接安装振动传感器,耗费大量时间和成本。本研究引入了一种间接方法,通过将传感器安装在车辆上而不是桥梁上,提高了便携性和成本效益。为了建立桥梁健康标准,本研究开发了桥梁模型并进行了推移分析,以推测桥梁振动频率比(({R}_{ec}) 和 ({R}_{sc}))的变化。该比率是确定桥梁安全性的重要参考。为减少时间和成本限制,研究采用了混合共生有机体搜索-最小二乘支持向量机(SOS-LSSVM)来计算 ({R}_{ec}) 和 ({R}_{sc}) 。结果可以确定桥梁安全标准的振动频率比。该间接方法对台湾公路管理部门很有价值,可以测量正常情况下和灾后的桥梁频率,便于及时做出桥梁开放的决策,并为基于桥梁健康评估的定期维护提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
R–C–C fusion classifier for automatic damage detection of heritage building using 3D laser scanning 利用三维激光扫描自动检测文物建筑损坏情况的 R-C-C 融合分类器
IF 4.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1007/s13349-024-00857-y
Hyungjoon Seo

The automatic damage detection in buildings using 3D laser scanning is a non-invasive approach to monitoring heritage buildings, especially in places like Liverpool, where the temperature can vary drastically during a year and these changes can damage the components of the buildings. In this paper, the St Luke’s Church mostly known as the Bombed-out Church, an important heritage building, was scanned using a 3D laser scanner. This paper proposed the R–C–C fusion classifier to detect the damage on the heritage building automatically. Utilizing the Roughness method (R) and the CANUPO classification (C) in small sections of the façade, it was possible to determine the shape and the location of the damages (cracks, anomalies, stone decay, stone peeling, etc.) on the surface of the walls, and then, the analysis was carried out to the whole building. Utilizing the R–C–C method was possible to locate and isolate the cracks and anomalies for future reference in monitoring this heritage building. This non-invasive technique for monitoring heritage building has demonstrated that it is possible to detect damages on the surface of buildings using a classifier which will dramatically reduce the computing time.

利用三维激光扫描自动检测建筑物的损坏情况是一种非侵入式的文物建筑监测方法,尤其是在利物浦这样的地方,一年中的温度变化很大,这些变化可能会损坏建筑物的部件。本文使用三维激光扫描仪扫描了圣路加教堂(通常被称为 "被炸毁的教堂")这一重要的文物建筑。本文提出了 R-C-C 融合分类器来自动检测文物建筑的损坏情况。利用粗糙度法(R)和 CANUPO 分类法(C)对建筑外墙的小部分进行检测,可以确定墙体表面损坏(裂缝、异常、石材腐烂、石材剥落等)的形状和位置,然后对整个建筑进行分析。利用 R-C-C 方法可以找到并隔离裂缝和异常点,为今后监测这座文物建筑提供参考。这项用于监测文物建筑的非侵入式技术表明,使用分类器检测建筑物表面的损坏是可行的,这将大大减少计算时间。
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引用次数: 0
An AIoT system for real-time monitoring and forecasting of railway temperature 用于实时监测和预报铁路温度的人工智能物联网系统
IF 4.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1007/s13349-024-00851-4
Khanh Pham, Dongku Kim, Yongxun Ma, Chaemin Hwang, Hangseok Choi

Excessive deformation of railway tracks caused by thermal loadings critically affects the efficiency and safety of railway transportation. Accurately quantifying the thermal variations in railway tracks is essential for mitigating heat-related risks. Nevertheless, the complex thermal regime influenced by multiple meteorological factors has posed challenges in understanding the nature of heat-related incidents in railway infrastructure. To investigate the thermal behaviors of railway tracks, this study implemented an IoT monitoring system to measure the temperature along a railway stretch from Changdong to Ssangmun station in Seoul, Korea. Furthermore, a railway temperature forecast model was developed based on Bayesian long short-term memory (BLSTM) trained by the monitoring data. Analyzing the 2-year monitoring results revealed the thermal patterns of the railway, characterized by long seasonal periods and trend stationary. The increasing trend of railway temperature during frequent high-temperature occurrences raised urgent concerns for the railway administration to adapt existing infrastructure to the impacts of climate change. The BLSTM model demonstrated comparable performance with the SARIMA model, a well-established statistical model, and physical models in forecasting the railway temperature, exhibiting a relatively low root mean squared error of 2.21 °C and a bias of − 0.04 °C. Moreover, a notable advantage of the presented BLSTM model is its capacity to provide probabilistic upper and lower bounds of railway temperature, making it suitable for supporting railway safety management. Importantly, using monitoring data as the exclusive input enabled the integration of the BLSTM model into the monitoring system, facilitating the development of a hybrid temperature control system for real-time railway safety management.

热负荷导致铁轨过度变形,严重影响铁路运输的效率和安全。准确量化铁轨的热变化对于降低热相关风险至关重要。然而,受多种气象因素影响的复杂热环境给了解铁路基础设施热相关事故的性质带来了挑战。为了研究铁轨的热行为,本研究实施了一个物联网监控系统,测量韩国首尔昌洞至双门站铁路沿线的温度。此外,还根据监测数据训练出的贝叶斯长短期记忆(BLSTM)开发了铁路温度预测模型。通过分析 2 年的监测结果,发现了铁路的热模式,其特点是季节性较长,且呈静止趋势。在高温频发期间,铁路温度呈上升趋势,这引起了铁路管理部门对现有基础设施适应气候变化影响的迫切关注。BLSTM 模型在预报铁路温度方面与 SARIMA 模型(一种成熟的统计模型)和物理模型的性能相当,表现出较低的均方根误差(2.21 °C)和偏差(- 0.04 °C)。此外,所提出的 BLSTM 模型的一个显著优势是能够提供铁路温度的概率上下限,使其适用于支持铁路安全管理。重要的是,使用监测数据作为唯一输入,可以将 BLSTM 模型集成到监测系统中,从而促进用于实时铁路安全管理的混合温度控制系统的开发。
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引用次数: 0
Environmental effects on the experimental modal parameters of masonry buildings: experiences from the Italian Seismic Observatory of Structures (OSS) network 环境对砌体建筑实验模态参数的影响:意大利结构地震观测站(OSS)网络的经验
IF 4.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1007/s13349-024-00847-0
D. Sivori, M. G. B. Merani, F. Bocchi, D. Spina, S. Cattari

The paper presents an in-depth analysis of the ambient dynamic behavior of nine masonry buildings monitored by the Italian Seismic Observatory of Structures (OSS). Addressing a significant knowledge gap affecting this structural type, the study reveals how daily and seasonal fluctuations in environmental factors have a notable influence on its experimental modal parameters. A robust frequency-domain tracking algorithm is first developed to identify and follow the evolution of modal parameters over time, exploiting ambient vibration recordings acquired at sub-daily intervals on the structures. The procedure is systematically applied to the entire portfolio of case-study buildings and, in the first year of training, integrated with measurements of environmental parameters provided by nearby weather stations. The multivariate regression analysis indicates that temperature variation is the primary driver of the observed wandering of natural frequencies. The frequency–temperature relationship shows a positive correlation above zero degrees and, in several cases, a significant degree of nonlinearity already present in low-frequency global modes. Simple predictive models are proposed to address such nonlinear behavior, including freezing conditions and accounting for internal heating during winter. Leveraging these novel insights, the work develops strategies to improve the efficiency of data acquisition protocols and training periods, enabling the near-future extension of real-time condition assessment methodologies to the entire OSS network.

本文对意大利结构地震观测站(OSS)监测的九座砌体建筑的环境动力行为进行了深入分析。研究揭示了环境因素的日常和季节性波动如何对其实验模态参数产生显著影响,从而填补了影响该结构类型的重大知识空白。首先开发了一种稳健的频域跟踪算法,利用在结构上以次日间隔获取的环境振动记录,识别并跟踪模态参数随时间的演变。该程序被系统地应用于整个案例研究建筑组合,并在培训的第一年与附近气象站提供的环境参数测量相结合。多元回归分析表明,温度变化是观测到的自然频率波动的主要驱动因素。频率与温度的关系在零度以上呈现正相关,在一些情况下,低频全局模式已经出现了明显的非线性。针对这种非线性行为提出了简单的预测模型,包括冻结条件和冬季内部供暖。利用这些新颖的见解,该工作制定了提高数据采集协议和训练期效率的策略,使实时状态评估方法在不久的将来能够扩展到整个开放源码软件网络。
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引用次数: 0
Controlled demolition: novel monitoring and experimental validation of blast-induced full-scale existing high-rise building implosion using numerical finite element simulations 受控拆除:利用有限元数值模拟对爆破引发的现有高层建筑全规模内爆进行新型监测和实验验证
IF 4.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1007/s13349-024-00849-y
Julide Yuzbasi

This paper presents a study of a 63-m-high (206 feet) RC building’s failure under blast loading and subsequent column removals. The analysis covers the entire process, starting with explosive charge detonation and ending in demolition. LS-DYNA software was used for blast wave propagation and structural interaction, while SAP2000 modeled successive column removal, both focused on columns experiencing the highest loads at the bottom, using nonlinear dynamic analysis (NDA). Three explicit methods—Load blast enhanced (LBE), Arbitrary lagrangian eulerian (ALE), and Coupling—were discussed for their suitability. The LBE method, though time-efficient, faces challenges in limiting affected surface or volume. ALE confines explosive energy to designated columns and the Coupling method emerges as the most appropriate, combining ALE for initial detonation and LBE for subsequent implosion. The research distinguishes itself by exploring a novel method for safely monitoring building demolition. By employing stationary cameras positioned outside the critical collapse area and utilizing Tracker software, it segments footage into frames, tracks point displacement in each frame, and compares the results with real values, providing a comprehensive analysis. Moreover, the study’s examination aligns with the actual demolition, offering insights by comparing simulation results with photographs of real damage, thereby validating the procedure. The findings show explicit analysis aligns closely with real data, while SAP2000 NDA exhibits relatively distant results, although being more time-efficient. The article also explores alternative demolition scenarios, sequentially removing three column groups from the same structure. To deepen the analysis, scenarios were created by varying the time intervals between column removals. Decreasing time intervals resulted in improved alignment between the outcomes of both programs. The global issue of buildings reaching the end of their service life and the 2023 seismic events in Turkiye have highlighted the urgent need to analyze numerical methods for the demolition of hundreds of thousands of structures with specific focus.

本文研究了一座 63 米高(206 英尺)的 RC 建筑在爆炸荷载和随后的支柱拆除作用下发生的破坏。分析涵盖了从炸药起爆到拆除的整个过程。LS-DYNA 软件用于分析爆炸波传播和结构相互作用,而 SAP2000 则使用非线性动态分析 (NDA) 对连续的支柱拆除进行建模,两者都侧重于底部承受最高荷载的支柱。我们讨论了三种显式方法--载荷爆炸增强法(LBE)、任意拉格朗日优勒法(ALE)和耦合法的适用性。LBE 方法虽然省时,但在限制受影响表面或体积方面面临挑战。ALE 将爆炸能量限制在指定的柱体中,而耦合法将用于初始引爆的 ALE 和用于后续内爆的 LBE 结合在一起,成为最合适的方法。这项研究通过探索一种安全监测建筑物拆除情况的新方法而脱颖而出。通过在临界倒塌区域外安装固定摄像机并使用 Tracker 软件,该研究将镜头分割成帧,跟踪每帧中的点位移,并将结果与实际值进行比较,从而提供全面的分析。此外,该研究的检查与实际拆除过程一致,通过将模拟结果与实际损坏的照片进行比较,提供了深入的见解,从而验证了该程序。研究结果表明,显式分析与真实数据非常吻合,而 SAP2000 NDA 虽然更省时省力,但结果却相去甚远。文章还探讨了其他拆除方案,即依次拆除同一结构中的三个柱组。为了深化分析,还通过改变柱子拆除之间的时间间隔来创建方案。时间间隔的缩短使两个方案的结果更加一致。建筑物使用寿命到期这一全球性问题以及土耳其 2023 年发生的地震事件,凸显了对数十万结构拆除数值方法进行重点分析的迫切需求。
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引用次数: 0
SCSHM benchmark study on bridge in-service structural monitoring SCSHM 桥梁在役结构监测基准研究
IF 4.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1007/s13349-024-00846-1
Maria Pina Limongelli, Doug Thomson, Sreenivas Alampalli, Aftab Mufti, Thomas Schumacher, Luca Martinelli, Othmane Lasri, Harry Shenton, Genda Chen, Mohammad Noori, Farnaz Raeisi, Ahmed Silik, Ji Dang, Ray Hoemsen, Hui Li, Naiwei Lu, Yi-Qing Ni, Ian Smith, Zhishen Wu

The mission of the Society of Civil Structural Health Monitoring (SCSHM, previously known as ISHMII) is to advance the understanding and application of structural monitoring methodologies for the management of civil infrastructure systems. To enable comparative and contrasting studies of various monitoring issues and technologies, the SCSHM Committee on Data-Enhanced Infrastructures Management (DEIMC) identified the need for benchmark problems in the areas of bridge and building structural monitoring. This article reports and briefly discusses the first benchmark study on in-service structural monitoring of bridges that was developed in collaboration with the University of Manitoba, and presents the structure details, study goals, data made available to the engineering community, and other relevant details. This paper has been submitted to the JCSHM as the outcome of the work of the DEIMC Committee of the SCSHM. However, since JCSHM does not publish at present papers without original experimental and or field monitoring components, data from this work cannot be used for publications in JCSHM.

土木工程结构健康监测学会(SCSHM,前身为 ISHMII)的使命是促进对土木基础设施系统管理中结构监测方法的理解和应用。为了能够对各种监测问题和技术进行比较和对比研究,SCSHM 数据增强基础设施管理(DEIMC)委员会确定了桥梁和建筑结构监测领域基准问题的必要性。本文报告并简要讨论了与马尼托巴大学合作开发的首个桥梁在役结构监测基准研究,并介绍了结构细节、研究目标、向工程界提供的数据以及其他相关细节。本文作为 SCSHM DEIMC 委员会的工作成果已提交给 JCSHM。但是,由于 JCSHM 目前不发表没有原始实验和或现场监测内容的论文,因此这项工作的数据不能用于在 JCSHM 上发表。
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引用次数: 0
Post-disaster emergency monitoring system and data analysis for a continuous rigid frame bridge in mountain area 山区连续刚架桥灾后应急监测系统及数据分析
IF 4.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1007/s13349-024-00835-4
Yanjie Zhu, Yuchen Wang, Wen Xiong, Kaiwen Hu

Bridges are subject to deterioration over time and unexpected disasters, such as traffic-induced fire, explosion, etc. Considering the sensor equipment and maintenance cost, the lightweight monitoring system is highly demanded for in-service small and medium-span bridges or bridges with an emergent request, such as post-disaster monitoring. This paper introduced a real practice of the post-disaster emergency monitoring system designed for a continuous rigid frame bridge in a mountain area in China. Considering bridge structural mechanical features and budget limits, the dynamic deformation of the bridge girder and bridge pier inclination are two major monitored objectives to timely identify the bridge deformation and dynamic features. Moreover, to precisely identify structural performance, the temperature variation is an indispensable monitoring content. Hence, this system consists of only three types of sensors, including the photoelectric deflection meter, the inclinometer, and the temperature–humidity sensor. In detail, this 330 m continuous rigid frame bridge with five spans, 45 + 80 (times) 3 + 45 m, is entirely and efficiently monitored using 8 sensors. The entire system was installed within four days after the traffic-induced fire accident. The dynamic deflection is recorded to evaluate the structural load capacity and dynamic features considering the temperature variations. Three months’ measurements are interpreted and discussed in this paper, which can prove the non-contacted deflection meters are practical for long-term monitoring. But limits exist for the sensors’ stability, because of the considerable temperature difference in mountain areas, which will affect the meters’ supports. In summary, the efforts of this paper contribute to the research and practice gap of lightweight and emergency monitoring systems, especially for post-disaster requests. Based on a three-month data survey, we demonstrate the stability and feasibility of the proposed post-disaster monitoring system for bridge safety assessment.

桥梁会随着时间的推移而老化,也会受到交通引发的火灾、爆炸等突发灾害的影响。考虑到传感器设备和维护成本,在役中小跨径桥梁或有灾后监测等紧急需求的桥梁,对轻型监测系统的需求很大。本文介绍了为中国某山区连续刚构桥设计的灾后应急监测系统的实际应用。考虑到桥梁结构力学特性和预算限制,以桥梁梁体动态变形和桥墩倾斜度为两大监测目标,及时识别桥梁变形和动态特性。此外,为精确识别结构性能,温度变化也是不可或缺的监测内容。因此,该系统仅由三种传感器组成,包括光电挠度仪、倾角仪和温湿度传感器。具体来说,这座 330 米长的连续刚架桥共有五跨,跨度为 45 + 80 (times) 3 + 45 米,使用 8 个传感器就能对其进行全面有效的监控。整个系统是在交通引发火灾事故后四天内安装完成的。对动态挠度进行记录,以评估结构的承载能力和考虑到温度变化的动态特征。本文对三个月的测量结果进行了解释和讨论,证明非接触式挠度测量仪可用于长期监测。但由于山区温差较大,会影响测量仪的支撑,因此传感器的稳定性存在限制。总之,本文的研究成果填补了轻型应急监测系统的研究和实践空白,尤其是针对灾后需求的监测系统。基于三个月的数据调查,我们证明了所建议的灾后桥梁安全评估监测系统的稳定性和可行性。
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引用次数: 0
Enhanced structural health monitoring of ageing Pratt truss bridges: a combined approach of static and dynamic measurements 加强老化普拉特桁架桥的结构健康监测:静态和动态测量相结合的方法
IF 4.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1007/s13349-024-00850-5
Anis Shafiqah Azhar, Sakhiah Abdul Kudus, Adiza Jamadin, Shaiful Amir Leman

The application of SHM has been broadened to the issues of preserving existing bridges, which are subjected to many years of usage and exposure to environmental factors. This paper aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of SHM in the maintenance and management of ageing structures, specifically a Pratt-truss steel bridge in Malaysia. The research combines static and dynamic methodologies to describe the ancient bridge’s serviceability. Operational modal analysis and FE analysis were first used to evaluate the structure's inherent frequencies and mode shapes, followed by a successful sensitivity-based model updating method. Next, static measurements were automated using displacement and strain data to evaluate the bridge’s condition. According to the study, the first four crucial bending and torsion modes for the ageing steel truss bridge occur between 4 and 29 Hz. Since the two approaches yield different MAC values and frequencies, employing a sensitivity analysis and model update procedure has become necessary. The frequency reference generated with EN1991-2:2003 bridge frequency constraints was then used to determine the bridge’s integrity, concluding that the bridge is safe and functional. Finally, the static analysis findings showed that the bridge is in a safe service condition regarding its deflection limit and strain limit.

SHM 的应用范围已扩大到现有桥梁的维护问题,这些桥梁已使用多年,并暴露在环境因素中。本文旨在展示 SHM 在老化结构维护和管理中的有效性,特别是马来西亚的一座普拉特桁架钢桥。研究结合了静态和动态方法来描述古桥的适用性。首先使用运行模态分析和 FE 分析来评估结构的固有频率和模态振型,然后采用基于灵敏度的模型更新方法。接下来,利用位移和应变数据自动进行静态测量,以评估桥梁的状况。研究结果表明,老化钢桁架桥的前四个关键弯曲和扭转模态发生在 4 到 29 Hz 之间。由于两种方法产生的 MAC 值和频率不同,因此有必要采用敏感性分析和模型更新程序。然后,使用 EN1991-2:2003 桥梁频率约束条件生成的频率参考值来确定桥梁的完整性,得出的结论是桥梁是安全和正常的。最后,静态分析结果表明,就其挠度极限和应变极限而言,桥梁处于安全的使用状态。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis and validation of theoretical equations for a seismic isolation system with a multi-level friction damper 多级摩擦阻尼器隔震系统理论方程的分析与验证
IF 4.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1007/s13349-024-00838-1
Chia-Shang Chang Chien, Lyan-Ywan Lu, Shan-Ru Chen, Mei-Ting Guo

Traditional seismic isolation structures perform poorly due to the impact of velocity pulses from near-field seismic waves. A conical friction pendulum isolator (CFPI) is a variable-curvature seismic isolation system, which can mitigate the resonance effect produced in seismic isolation structures by the velocity pulses of long-period near-field seismic waves. A multi-level friction damper (MFD) has a multistage energy dissipation mechanism and has been proven to have excellent shock absorption effects in structures for earthquakes of different intensities. Therefore, the present study integrated an MFD into a CFPI to develop a seismic isolation system (CFPI + MFD system) with improved safety under near-field seismic waves. Theoretical equations were established for this system to enable numerical simulation analysis. According to the results of numerical simulation analysis, the designed CFPI + MFD system has an excellent seismic isolation effect, whether under near-field seismic waves or large earthquakes. To verify the accuracy of the numerical simulation results, this study performed a shaking table test for a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) structure with the designed seismic isolation system. Experimental data derived from the shaking table test and the results of numerical simulation analysis were used to conduct fitting of the superstructure acceleration, base sliding displacement, and hysteresis loop data. The fitting results indicated that the numerical and experimental superstructure acceleration, base sliding displacement, and hysteresis loops exhibited a good fit, which validated the accuracy of the theoretical equations formulated in this study.

由于受到近场地震波速度脉冲的影响,传统的隔震结构性能较差。锥形摩擦摆隔震器 (CFPI) 是一种变曲率隔震系统,可减轻长周期近场地震波速度脉冲对隔震结构产生的共振效应。多级摩擦阻尼器(MFD)具有多级消能机制,在不同烈度的地震中被证明对结构具有良好的减震效果。因此,本研究将多级摩擦阻尼器集成到 CFPI 中,开发出一种在近场地震波下安全性更高的隔震系统(CFPI + MFD 系统)。为该系统建立了理论方程,以便进行数值模拟分析。根据数值模拟分析的结果,所设计的 CFPI + MFD 系统无论是在近场地震波还是大地震下都具有极佳的隔震效果。为了验证数值模拟结果的准确性,本研究对采用所设计隔震系统的单自由度(SDOF)结构进行了振动台试验。利用振动台试验得出的实验数据和数值模拟分析结果,对上部结构加速度、基座滑动位移和滞后环数据进行了拟合。拟合结果表明,上部结构加速度、底座滑动位移和滞后环的数值拟合与实验拟合效果良好,验证了本研究制定的理论方程的准确性。
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期刊
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