Photoacoustics can provide a direct measurement of light absorption by microalgae depending on the photosynthesis pigment within them. In this study, we have performed photoacoustic flowmetry on living microalgae cells to measure their flow characteristics, which include flow speed, flow angle, flow direction, and, more importantly, the photoacoustic absorption spectrum, all by observing the photoacoustic Doppler power spectra during their flowing state. A supercontinuum pulsed laser with a high repetition frequency is used as the light source: through intensity modulation at a specified frequency, it can provide wavelength-selectable excitation of a photoacoustic signal centered around this frequency. Our approach can be useful to simultaneously measure the flow characteristics of microalgae and easily discriminate their different species with high accuracy in both static and dynamic states, thus facilitating the study of their cultivation and their role in our ecosystem.
{"title":"Multiwavelength Photoacoustic Doppler Flowmetry of Living Microalgae Cells.","authors":"Tayyab Farooq, Xiuru Wu, Sheng Yan, Hui Fang","doi":"10.3390/bios14080397","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bios14080397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photoacoustics can provide a direct measurement of light absorption by microalgae depending on the photosynthesis pigment within them. In this study, we have performed photoacoustic flowmetry on living microalgae cells to measure their flow characteristics, which include flow speed, flow angle, flow direction, and, more importantly, the photoacoustic absorption spectrum, all by observing the photoacoustic Doppler power spectra during their flowing state. A supercontinuum pulsed laser with a high repetition frequency is used as the light source: through intensity modulation at a specified frequency, it can provide wavelength-selectable excitation of a photoacoustic signal centered around this frequency. Our approach can be useful to simultaneously measure the flow characteristics of microalgae and easily discriminate their different species with high accuracy in both static and dynamic states, thus facilitating the study of their cultivation and their role in our ecosystem.</p>","PeriodicalId":48608,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors-Basel","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11353084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melody L Candia, Esteban Piccinini, Omar Azzaroni, Waldemar A Marmisollé
Herein, we present a novel approach to quantify ferritin based on the integration of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) protocol on a Graphene Field-Effect Transistor (gFET) for bioelectronic immunosensing. The G-ELISA strategy takes advantage of the gFET inherent capability of detecting pH changes for the amplification of ferritin detection using urease as a reporter enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea generating a local pH increment. A portable field-effect transistor reader and electrolyte-gated gFET arrangement are employed, enabling their operation in aqueous conditions at low potentials, which is crucial for effective biological sample detection. The graphene surface is functionalized with monoclonal anti-ferritin antibodies, along with an antifouling agent, to enhance the assay specificity and sensitivity. Markedly, G-ELISA exhibits outstanding sensing performance, reaching a lower limit of detection (LOD) and higher sensitivity in ferritin quantification than unamplified gFETs. Additionally, they offer rapid detection, capable of measuring ferritin concentrations in approximately 50 min. Because of the capacity of transistor miniaturization, our innovative G-ELISA approach holds promise for the portable bioelectronic detection of multiple biomarkers using a small amount of the sample, which would be a great advancement in point-of-care testing.
{"title":"Digitalization of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay with Graphene Field-Effect Transistors (G-ELISA) for Portable Ferritin Determination.","authors":"Melody L Candia, Esteban Piccinini, Omar Azzaroni, Waldemar A Marmisollé","doi":"10.3390/bios14080394","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bios14080394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herein, we present a novel approach to quantify ferritin based on the integration of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) protocol on a Graphene Field-Effect Transistor (gFET) for bioelectronic immunosensing. The G-ELISA strategy takes advantage of the gFET inherent capability of detecting pH changes for the amplification of ferritin detection using urease as a reporter enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea generating a local pH increment. A portable field-effect transistor reader and electrolyte-gated gFET arrangement are employed, enabling their operation in aqueous conditions at low potentials, which is crucial for effective biological sample detection. The graphene surface is functionalized with monoclonal anti-ferritin antibodies, along with an antifouling agent, to enhance the assay specificity and sensitivity. Markedly, G-ELISA exhibits outstanding sensing performance, reaching a lower limit of detection (LOD) and higher sensitivity in ferritin quantification than unamplified gFETs. Additionally, they offer rapid detection, capable of measuring ferritin concentrations in approximately 50 min. Because of the capacity of transistor miniaturization, our innovative G-ELISA approach holds promise for the portable bioelectronic detection of multiple biomarkers using a small amount of the sample, which would be a great advancement in point-of-care testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":48608,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors-Basel","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11352759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asif Ullah, Fengqi Zhang, Zhendong Song, You Wang, Shuo Zhao, Waqar Riaz, Guang Li
Taste sensation recognition is a core for taste-related queries. Most prior research has been devoted to recognizing the basic taste sensations using the Brain-Computer Interface (BCI), which includes EEG, MEG, EMG, and fMRI. This research aims to recognize electronic taste (E-Taste) sensations based on surface electromyography (sEMG). Silver electrodes with platinum plating of the E-Taste device were placed on the tongue's tip to stimulate various tastes and flavors. In contrast, the electrodes of the sEMG were placed on facial muscles to collect the data. The dataset was organized and preprocessed, and a random forest classifier was applied, giving a five-fold accuracy of 70.43%. The random forest classifier was used on each participant dataset individually and in groups, providing the highest accuracy of 84.79% for a single participant. Moreover, various feature combinations were extracted and acquired 72.56% accuracy after extracting eight features. For a future perspective, this research offers guidance for electronic taste recognition based on sEMG.
{"title":"Surface Electromyography-Based Recognition of Electronic Taste Sensations.","authors":"Asif Ullah, Fengqi Zhang, Zhendong Song, You Wang, Shuo Zhao, Waqar Riaz, Guang Li","doi":"10.3390/bios14080396","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bios14080396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Taste sensation recognition is a core for taste-related queries. Most prior research has been devoted to recognizing the basic taste sensations using the Brain-Computer Interface (BCI), which includes EEG, MEG, EMG, and fMRI. This research aims to recognize electronic taste (E-Taste) sensations based on surface electromyography (sEMG). Silver electrodes with platinum plating of the E-Taste device were placed on the tongue's tip to stimulate various tastes and flavors. In contrast, the electrodes of the sEMG were placed on facial muscles to collect the data. The dataset was organized and preprocessed, and a random forest classifier was applied, giving a five-fold accuracy of 70.43%. The random forest classifier was used on each participant dataset individually and in groups, providing the highest accuracy of 84.79% for a single participant. Moreover, various feature combinations were extracted and acquired 72.56% accuracy after extracting eight features. For a future perspective, this research offers guidance for electronic taste recognition based on sEMG.</p>","PeriodicalId":48608,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors-Basel","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11352680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaoqi Huang, Jiale Li, Li Wei, Lulu Zheng, Zheng Shi, Shiwei Guo, Bo Dai, Dawei Zhang, Songlin Zhuang
Fluorescence flow cytometry is a powerful instrument to distinguish cells or particles labelled with high-specificity fluorophores. However, traditional flow cytometry is complex, bulky, and inconvenient for users to adjust fluorescence channels. In this paper, we present a modular fluorescence flow cytometry (M-FCM) system in which fluorescence channels can be flexibly arranged. Modules for particle focusing and fluorescence detection were developed. After hydrodynamical focusing, the cells were measured in the detection modules, which were integrated with in situ illumination and fluorescence detection. The signal-to-noise ratio of the detection reached to 33.2 dB. The crosstalk among the fluorescence channels was eliminated. The M-FCM system was applied to evaluate cell viability in drug screening, agreeing well with the commercial cytometry. The modular cytometry presents several outstanding features: flexibility in setting fluorescence channels, cost efficiency, compact construction, ease of operation, and the potential to upgrade for multifunctional measurements. The modular cytometry provides a multifunctional platform for various biophysical measurements, e.g., electrical impedance and refractive-index detection. The proposed work paves an innovative avenue for the multivariate analysis of cellular characteristics.
{"title":"A Miniature Modular Fluorescence Flow Cytometry System.","authors":"Shaoqi Huang, Jiale Li, Li Wei, Lulu Zheng, Zheng Shi, Shiwei Guo, Bo Dai, Dawei Zhang, Songlin Zhuang","doi":"10.3390/bios14080395","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bios14080395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluorescence flow cytometry is a powerful instrument to distinguish cells or particles labelled with high-specificity fluorophores. However, traditional flow cytometry is complex, bulky, and inconvenient for users to adjust fluorescence channels. In this paper, we present a modular fluorescence flow cytometry (M-FCM) system in which fluorescence channels can be flexibly arranged. Modules for particle focusing and fluorescence detection were developed. After hydrodynamical focusing, the cells were measured in the detection modules, which were integrated with in situ illumination and fluorescence detection. The signal-to-noise ratio of the detection reached to 33.2 dB. The crosstalk among the fluorescence channels was eliminated. The M-FCM system was applied to evaluate cell viability in drug screening, agreeing well with the commercial cytometry. The modular cytometry presents several outstanding features: flexibility in setting fluorescence channels, cost efficiency, compact construction, ease of operation, and the potential to upgrade for multifunctional measurements. The modular cytometry provides a multifunctional platform for various biophysical measurements, e.g., electrical impedance and refractive-index detection. The proposed work paves an innovative avenue for the multivariate analysis of cellular characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":48608,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors-Basel","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11353081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A precise understanding of the self-assembly kinetics of small molecules on nanoparticles (NPs) can give greater control over the size and architecture of the functionalized NPs. Herein, a single-nanoparticle electrochemical collision (SNEC)-based method was developed to monitor the self-assembly processes of 6-mercapto-1-hexanol (6-MCH) and 1-hexanethiol (MCH) on Au NPs at the single-particle level, and to investigate the self-assembly kinetics exactly. Results showed that the self-assembly processes of both consisted of rapid adsorption and slow recombination. However, the adsorption rate of MCH was significantly lower than that of 6-MCH due to the poorer polarity. Also noteworthy is that the rapid adsorption of 6-MCH on Au NPs conformed to the Langmuir model of diffusion control. Hence, the proposed SNEC-based method could serve as a complementary method to research the self-assembly mechanism of functionalized NPs.
{"title":"Single-Nanoparticle Electrochemical Collision for Monitoring Self-Assembly of Thiol Molecules on Au Nanoparticles.","authors":"Yiyan Bai","doi":"10.3390/bios14080393","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bios14080393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A precise understanding of the self-assembly kinetics of small molecules on nanoparticles (NPs) can give greater control over the size and architecture of the functionalized NPs. Herein, a single-nanoparticle electrochemical collision (SNEC)-based method was developed to monitor the self-assembly processes of 6-mercapto-1-hexanol (6-MCH) and 1-hexanethiol (MCH) on Au NPs at the single-particle level, and to investigate the self-assembly kinetics exactly. Results showed that the self-assembly processes of both consisted of rapid adsorption and slow recombination. However, the adsorption rate of MCH was significantly lower than that of 6-MCH due to the poorer polarity. Also noteworthy is that the rapid adsorption of 6-MCH on Au NPs conformed to the Langmuir model of diffusion control. Hence, the proposed SNEC-based method could serve as a complementary method to research the self-assembly mechanism of functionalized NPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48608,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors-Basel","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11353042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kelvin C C Pong, Yuen Sze Lai, Roy Chi Hang Wong, Alan Chun Kit Lee, Sam C T Chow, Jonathan C W Lam, Ho Pui Ho, Clarence T T Wong
Three-dimensional (3D) spheroid models are crucial for cancer research, offering more accurate insights into tumour biology and drug responses than traditional 2D cell cultures. However, inconsistent and low-throughput spheroid production has hindered their application in drug screening. Here, we present an automated high-throughput platform for a spheroid selection, fabrication, and sorting system (SFSS) to produce uniform gelatine-encapsulated spheroids (GESs) with high efficiency. SFSS integrates advanced imaging, analysis, photo-triggered fabrication, and microfluidic sorting to precisely control spheroid size, shape, and viability. Our data demonstrate that our SFSS can produce over 50 GESs with consistent size and circularity in 30 min with over 97% sorting accuracy while maintaining cell viability and structural integrity. We demonstrated that the GESs can be used for drug screening and potentially for various assays. Thus, the SFSS could significantly enhance the efficiency of generating uniform spheroids, facilitating their application in drug development to investigate complex biological systems and drug responses in a more physiologically relevant context.
{"title":"Automated Uniform Spheroid Generation Platform for High Throughput Drug Screening Process.","authors":"Kelvin C C Pong, Yuen Sze Lai, Roy Chi Hang Wong, Alan Chun Kit Lee, Sam C T Chow, Jonathan C W Lam, Ho Pui Ho, Clarence T T Wong","doi":"10.3390/bios14080392","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bios14080392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three-dimensional (3D) spheroid models are crucial for cancer research, offering more accurate insights into tumour biology and drug responses than traditional 2D cell cultures. However, inconsistent and low-throughput spheroid production has hindered their application in drug screening. Here, we present an automated high-throughput platform for a spheroid selection, fabrication, and sorting system (SFSS) to produce uniform gelatine-encapsulated spheroids (GESs) with high efficiency. SFSS integrates advanced imaging, analysis, photo-triggered fabrication, and microfluidic sorting to precisely control spheroid size, shape, and viability. Our data demonstrate that our SFSS can produce over 50 GESs with consistent size and circularity in 30 min with over 97% sorting accuracy while maintaining cell viability and structural integrity. We demonstrated that the GESs can be used for drug screening and potentially for various assays. Thus, the SFSS could significantly enhance the efficiency of generating uniform spheroids, facilitating their application in drug development to investigate complex biological systems and drug responses in a more physiologically relevant context.</p>","PeriodicalId":48608,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors-Basel","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11352754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paola Colapietro, Giuseppe Brunetti, Annarita di Toma, Francesco Ferrara, Maria Serena Chiriacò, Caterina Ciminelli
Micro and nano-scale manipulation of living matter is crucial in biomedical applications for diagnostics and pharmaceuticals, facilitating disease study, drug assessment, and biomarker identification. Despite advancements, trapping biological nanoparticles remains challenging. Nanotweezer-based strategies, including dielectric and plasmonic configurations, show promise due to their efficiency and stability, minimizing damage without direct contact. Our study uniquely proposes an inverted hybrid dielectric-plasmonic nanobowtie designed to overcome the primary limitations of existing dielectric-plasmonic systems, such as high costs and manufacturing complexity. This novel configuration offers significant advantages for the stable and long-term trapping of biological objects, including strong energy confinement with reduced thermal effects. The metal's efficient light reflection capability results in a significant increase in energy field confinement (EC) within the trapping site, achieving an enhancement of over 90% compared to the value obtained with the dielectric nanobowtie. Numerical simulations confirm the successful trapping of 100 nm viruses, demonstrating a trapping stability greater than 10 and a stiffness of 2.203 fN/nm. This configuration ensures optical forces of approximately 2.96 fN with an input power density of 10 mW/μm2 while preserving the temperature, chemical-biological properties, and shape of the biological sample.
{"title":"High Stability and Low Power Nanometric Bio-Objects Trapping through Dielectric-Plasmonic Hybrid Nanobowtie.","authors":"Paola Colapietro, Giuseppe Brunetti, Annarita di Toma, Francesco Ferrara, Maria Serena Chiriacò, Caterina Ciminelli","doi":"10.3390/bios14080390","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bios14080390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Micro and nano-scale manipulation of living matter is crucial in biomedical applications for diagnostics and pharmaceuticals, facilitating disease study, drug assessment, and biomarker identification. Despite advancements, trapping biological nanoparticles remains challenging. Nanotweezer-based strategies, including dielectric and plasmonic configurations, show promise due to their efficiency and stability, minimizing damage without direct contact. Our study uniquely proposes an inverted hybrid dielectric-plasmonic nanobowtie designed to overcome the primary limitations of existing dielectric-plasmonic systems, such as high costs and manufacturing complexity. This novel configuration offers significant advantages for the stable and long-term trapping of biological objects, including strong energy confinement with reduced thermal effects. The metal's efficient light reflection capability results in a significant increase in energy field confinement (EC) within the trapping site, achieving an enhancement of over 90% compared to the value obtained with the dielectric nanobowtie. Numerical simulations confirm the successful trapping of 100 nm viruses, demonstrating a trapping stability greater than 10 and a stiffness of 2.203 fN/nm. This configuration ensures optical forces of approximately 2.96 fN with an input power density of 10 mW/μm<sup>2</sup> while preserving the temperature, chemical-biological properties, and shape of the biological sample.</p>","PeriodicalId":48608,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors-Basel","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11353118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruier Xue, Fei Deng, Tianruo Guo, Alexander Epps, Nigel H Lovell, Mohit N Shivdasani
To achieve the accurate recognition of biomarkers or pathological characteristics within tissues or cells, in situ detection using biosensor technology offers crucial insights into the nature, stage, and progression of diseases, paving the way for enhanced precision in diagnostic approaches and treatment strategies. The implementation of needle-shaped biosensors (N-biosensors) presents a highly promising method for conducting in situ measurements of clinical biomarkers in various organs, such as in the brain or spinal cord. Previous studies have highlighted the excellent performance of different N-biosensor designs in detecting biomarkers from clinical samples in vitro. Recent preclinical in vivo studies have also shown significant progress in the clinical translation of N-biosensor technology for in situ biomarker detection, enabling highly accurate diagnoses for cancer, diabetes, and infectious diseases. This article begins with an overview of current state-of-the-art benchtop N-biosensor designs, discusses their preclinical applications for sensitive diagnoses, and concludes by exploring the challenges and potential avenues for next-generation N-biosensor technology.
为了准确识别组织或细胞内的生物标志物或病理特征,利用生物传感器技术进行原位检测,可以深入了解疾病的性质、阶段和进展,为提高诊断方法和治疗策略的精确性铺平道路。针形生物传感器(N-生物传感器)的应用为在大脑或脊髓等各种器官中原位测量临床生物标记物提供了一种极具前景的方法。以往的研究表明,不同的 N 型生物传感器设计在体外检测临床样本中的生物标记物方面表现出色。最近的临床前体内研究也表明,N-生物传感器技术在原位生物标记物检测的临床转化方面取得了重大进展,使癌症、糖尿病和传染病的高精度诊断成为可能。本文首先概述了当前最先进的台式 N-biosensor 设计,讨论了它们在灵敏诊断方面的临床前应用,最后探讨了下一代 N-biosensor 技术面临的挑战和潜在的发展途径。
{"title":"Needle-Shaped Biosensors for Precision Diagnoses: From Benchtop Development to In Vitro and In Vivo Applications.","authors":"Ruier Xue, Fei Deng, Tianruo Guo, Alexander Epps, Nigel H Lovell, Mohit N Shivdasani","doi":"10.3390/bios14080391","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bios14080391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To achieve the accurate recognition of biomarkers or pathological characteristics within tissues or cells, in situ detection using biosensor technology offers crucial insights into the nature, stage, and progression of diseases, paving the way for enhanced precision in diagnostic approaches and treatment strategies. The implementation of needle-shaped biosensors (N-biosensors) presents a highly promising method for conducting in situ measurements of clinical biomarkers in various organs, such as in the brain or spinal cord. Previous studies have highlighted the excellent performance of different N-biosensor designs in detecting biomarkers from clinical samples in vitro. Recent preclinical in vivo studies have also shown significant progress in the clinical translation of N-biosensor technology for in situ biomarker detection, enabling highly accurate diagnoses for cancer, diabetes, and infectious diseases. This article begins with an overview of current state-of-the-art benchtop N-biosensor designs, discusses their preclinical applications for sensitive diagnoses, and concludes by exploring the challenges and potential avenues for next-generation N-biosensor technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":48608,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors-Basel","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11353061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akhmad Irhas Robby, Songling Jiang, Eun-Jung Jin, Sung Young Park
A coenzyme A (CoA-SH)-responsive dual electrochemical and fluorescence-based sensor was designed utilizing an MnO2-immobilized-polymer-dot (MnO2@D-PD)-coated electrode for the sensitive detection of osteoarthritis (OA) in a peroxisomal β-oxidation knockout model. The CoA-SH-responsive MnO2@D-PD-coated electrode interacted sensitively with CoA-SH in OA chondrocytes, triggering electroconductivity and fluorescence changes due to cleavage of the MnO2 nanosheet on the electrode. The MnO2@D-PD-coated electrode can detect CoA-SH in immature articular chondrocyte primary cells, as indicated by the significant increase in resistance in the control medium (R24h = 2.17 MΩ). This sensor also sensitively monitored the increase in resistance in chondrocyte cells in the presence of acetyl-CoA inducers, such as phytol (Phy) and sodium acetate (SA), in the medium (R24h = 2.67, 3.08 MΩ, respectively), compared to that in the control medium, demonstrating the detection efficiency of the sensor towards the increase in the CoA-SH concentration. Furthermore, fluorescence recovery was observed owing to MnO2 cleavage, particularly in the Phy- and SA-supplemented media. The transcription levels of OA-related anabolic (Acan) and catabolic factors (Adamts5) in chondrocytes also confirmed the interaction between CoA-SH and the MnO2@D-PD-coated electrode. Additionally, electrode integration with a wireless sensing system provides inline monitoring via a smartphone, which can potentially be used for rapid and sensitive OA diagnosis.
利用MnO2-固定化聚合物点(MnO2@D-PD)涂层电极设计了一种基于电化学和荧光的辅酶A(CoA-SH)双响应传感器,用于在过氧化物酶体β氧化基因敲除模型中灵敏检测骨关节炎(OA)。CoA-SH响应型MnO2@D-PD涂层电极与OA软骨细胞中的CoA-SH灵敏地相互作用,由于电极上的MnO2纳米片的裂解而引发电导率和荧光变化。MnO2@D-PD涂层电极可以检测未成熟关节软骨细胞原代细胞中的CoA-SH,这表现在对照培养基中电阻的显著增加(R24h = 2.17 MΩ)。与对照培养基相比,该传感器还能灵敏监测培养基中存在乙酰-CoA 诱导剂(如植醇(Phy)和醋酸钠(SA))时软骨细胞电阻的增加(R24h = 2.67、3.08 MΩ),这表明传感器对 CoA-SH 浓度增加的检测效率很高。此外,由于 MnO2 的裂解,还观察到荧光恢复,尤其是在 Phy 和 SA 补充培养基中。软骨细胞中与 OA 相关的合成代谢因子(Acan)和分解代谢因子(Adamts5)的转录水平也证实了 CoA-SH 与 MnO2@D-PD 涂层电极之间的相互作用。此外,电极还与无线传感系统集成,可通过智能手机进行在线监测,从而有可能用于快速、灵敏的 OA 诊断。
{"title":"Electrochemical and Fluorescence MnO<sub>2</sub>-Polymer Dot Electrode Sensor for Osteoarthritis-Based Peroxisomal β-Oxidation Knockout Model.","authors":"Akhmad Irhas Robby, Songling Jiang, Eun-Jung Jin, Sung Young Park","doi":"10.3390/bios14070357","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bios14070357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A coenzyme A (CoA-SH)-responsive dual electrochemical and fluorescence-based sensor was designed utilizing an MnO<sub>2</sub>-immobilized-polymer-dot (MnO<sub>2</sub>@D-PD)-coated electrode for the sensitive detection of osteoarthritis (OA) in a peroxisomal β-oxidation knockout model. The CoA-SH-responsive MnO<sub>2</sub>@D-PD-coated electrode interacted sensitively with CoA-SH in OA chondrocytes, triggering electroconductivity and fluorescence changes due to cleavage of the MnO<sub>2</sub> nanosheet on the electrode. The MnO<sub>2</sub>@D-PD-coated electrode can detect CoA-SH in immature articular chondrocyte primary cells, as indicated by the significant increase in resistance in the control medium (R<sub>24h</sub> = 2.17 MΩ). This sensor also sensitively monitored the increase in resistance in chondrocyte cells in the presence of acetyl-CoA inducers, such as phytol (Phy) and sodium acetate (SA), in the medium (R<sub>24h</sub> = 2.67, 3.08 MΩ, respectively), compared to that in the control medium, demonstrating the detection efficiency of the sensor towards the increase in the CoA-SH concentration. Furthermore, fluorescence recovery was observed owing to MnO<sub>2</sub> cleavage, particularly in the Phy- and SA-supplemented media. The transcription levels of OA-related anabolic (<i>Acan</i>) and catabolic factors (<i>Adamts5</i>) in chondrocytes also confirmed the interaction between CoA-SH and the MnO<sub>2</sub>@D-PD-coated electrode. Additionally, electrode integration with a wireless sensing system provides inline monitoring via a smartphone, which can potentially be used for rapid and sensitive OA diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48608,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors-Basel","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11275033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141761808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mason L Perillo, Bhavna Gupta, James R Siegenthaler, Isabelle E Christensen, Brandon Kepros, Abu Mitul, Ming Han, Robert Rechenberg, Michael F Becker, Wen Li, Erin K Purcell
Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is an electrochemical sensing technique that can be used for neurochemical sensing with high spatiotemporal resolution. Carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) are traditionally used as FSCV sensors. However, CFMEs are prone to electrochemical fouling caused by oxidative byproducts of repeated serotonin (5-HT) exposure, which makes them less suitable as chronic 5-HT sensors. Our team is developing a boron-doped diamond microelectrode (BDDME) that has previously been shown to be relatively resistant to fouling caused by protein adsorption (biofouling). We sought to determine if this BDDME exhibits resistance to electrochemical fouling, which we explored on electrodes fabricated with either femtosecond laser cutting or physical cleaving. We recorded the oxidation current response after 25 repeated injections of 5-HT in a flow-injection cell and compared the current drop from the first with the last injection. The 5-HT responses were compared with dopamine (DA), a neurochemical that is known to produce minimal fouling oxidative byproducts and has a stable repeated response. Physical cleaving of the BDDME yielded a reduction in fouling due to 5-HT compared with the CFME and the femtosecond laser cut BDDME. However, the femtosecond laser cut BDDME exhibited a large increase in sensitivity over the cleaved BDDME. An extended stability analysis was conducted for all device types following 5-HT fouling tests. This analysis demonstrated an improvement in the long-term stability of boron-doped diamond over CFMEs, as well as a diminishing sensitivity of the laser-cut BDDME over time. This work reports the electrochemical fouling performance of the BDDME when it is repeatedly exposed to DA or 5-HT, which informs the development of a chronic, diamond-based electrochemical sensor for long-term neurotransmitter measurements in vivo.
{"title":"Evaluation of In Vitro Serotonin-Induced Electrochemical Fouling Performance of Boron Doped Diamond Microelectrode Using Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry.","authors":"Mason L Perillo, Bhavna Gupta, James R Siegenthaler, Isabelle E Christensen, Brandon Kepros, Abu Mitul, Ming Han, Robert Rechenberg, Michael F Becker, Wen Li, Erin K Purcell","doi":"10.3390/bios14070352","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bios14070352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is an electrochemical sensing technique that can be used for neurochemical sensing with high spatiotemporal resolution. Carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) are traditionally used as FSCV sensors. However, CFMEs are prone to electrochemical fouling caused by oxidative byproducts of repeated serotonin (5-HT) exposure, which makes them less suitable as chronic 5-HT sensors. Our team is developing a boron-doped diamond microelectrode (BDDME) that has previously been shown to be relatively resistant to fouling caused by protein adsorption (biofouling). We sought to determine if this BDDME exhibits resistance to electrochemical fouling, which we explored on electrodes fabricated with either femtosecond laser cutting or physical cleaving. We recorded the oxidation current response after 25 repeated injections of 5-HT in a flow-injection cell and compared the current drop from the first with the last injection. The 5-HT responses were compared with dopamine (DA), a neurochemical that is known to produce minimal fouling oxidative byproducts and has a stable repeated response. Physical cleaving of the BDDME yielded a reduction in fouling due to 5-HT compared with the CFME and the femtosecond laser cut BDDME. However, the femtosecond laser cut BDDME exhibited a large increase in sensitivity over the cleaved BDDME. An extended stability analysis was conducted for all device types following 5-HT fouling tests. This analysis demonstrated an improvement in the long-term stability of boron-doped diamond over CFMEs, as well as a diminishing sensitivity of the laser-cut BDDME over time. This work reports the electrochemical fouling performance of the BDDME when it is repeatedly exposed to DA or 5-HT, which informs the development of a chronic, diamond-based electrochemical sensor for long-term neurotransmitter measurements in vivo.</p>","PeriodicalId":48608,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors-Basel","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11274679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141761809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}