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Mycotoxin Detection through Colorimetric Immunoprobing with Gold Nanoparticle Antibody Conjugates. 利用金纳米粒子抗体共轭物通过比色免疫吸附法检测霉菌毒素。
IF 4.9 3区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.3390/bios14100491
Vinayak Sharma, Bilal Javed, Hugh J Byrne, Furong Tian

Driven by their exceptional optical characteristics, robust chemical stability, and facile bioconjugation, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have emerged as a preferred material for detection and biosensing applications in scientific research. This study involves the development of a simple, rapid, and cost-effective colorimetric immuno-sensing probe to detect aflatoxin B1 and zearalenone using AuNP antibody (AuNP-mAb) conjugates. Anti-toxin antibodies were attached to the AuNPs by using the physical adsorption method. The colorimetric immunosensor developed operates on the principle that the optical properties of the AuNP are very sensitive to aggregation, which can be induced by a critical high salt concentration. Although the presence of antibodies on the AuNP surface inhibits the aggregation, these antibodies bind to the toxin with higher affinity, which leads to exposure of the surface of AuNPs and aggregation in a salt environment. The aggregation triggers a noticeable but variable alteration in color from red to purple and blueish gray, as a result of a red shift in the surface plasmon resonance band of the AuNPs. The extent of the shift is dependent on the toxin exposure dose and can be quantified using a calibration curve through UV-Visible-NIR spectroscopy. The limit of detection using this assay was determined to be as low as 0.15 ng/mL for both zearalenone and aflatoxin B1. The specificity of the prepared immunoprobe was analyzed for a particular mycotoxin in the presence of other mycotoxins. The developed immunoprobe was evaluated for real-world applicability using artificially spiked samples. This colorimetric immunoprobe based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) has a reduced detection limit compared to other immunoassays, a rapid readout, low cost, and facile fabrication.

金纳米粒子(AuNPs)具有优异的光学特性、强大的化学稳定性和易于生物共轭的特点,因此已成为科学研究中检测和生物传感应用的首选材料。本研究利用 AuNP 抗体(AuNP-mAb)共轭物开发了一种简单、快速、经济高效的比色免疫传感探针,用于检测黄曲霉毒素 B1 和玉米赤霉烯酮。抗毒素抗体通过物理吸附法附着在 AuNPs 上。所开发的比色免疫传感器的工作原理是,AuNP 的光学特性对聚集非常敏感,而临界高浓度盐可诱发聚集。虽然 AuNP 表面抗体的存在会抑制聚集,但这些抗体会以更高的亲和力与毒素结合,从而导致 AuNPs 表面暴露并在盐环境中聚集。由于 AuNPs 的表面等离子体共振频带发生了红色偏移,因此聚集会引发颜色从红色到紫色和蓝灰色的明显变化,但这种变化是可变的。转变的程度取决于毒素的暴露剂量,并可通过紫外-可见-近红外光谱使用校准曲线进行量化。经测定,玉米赤霉烯酮和黄曲霉毒素 B1 的检测限均低至 0.15 纳克/毫升。分析了制备的免疫探针在有其他霉菌毒素存在时对特定霉菌毒素的特异性。使用人工添加的样品对所开发的免疫探针的实际适用性进行了评估。与其他免疫测定方法相比,这种基于局部表面等离子体共振(LSPR)的比色免疫探针具有检测限低、读取速度快、成本低和易于制造等优点。
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引用次数: 0
Metal Organic Frameworks Based Wearable and Point-of-Care Electrochemical Sensors for Healthcare Monitoring. 基于金属有机框架的可穿戴和护理点电化学传感器用于医疗保健监测。
IF 4.9 3区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.3390/bios14100492
K Theyagarajan, Young-Joon Kim

The modern healthcare system strives to provide patients with more comfortable and less invasive experiences, focusing on noninvasive and painless diagnostic and treatment methods. A key priority is the early diagnosis of life-threatening diseases, which can significantly improve patient outcomes by enabling treatment at earlier stages. While most patients must undergo diagnostic procedures before beginning treatment, many existing methods are invasive, time-consuming, and inconvenient. To address these challenges, electrochemical-based wearable and point-of-care (PoC) sensing devices have emerged, playing a crucial role in the noninvasive, continuous, periodic, and remote monitoring of key biomarkers. Due to their numerous advantages, several wearable and PoC devices have been developed. In this focused review, we explore the advancements in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-based wearable and PoC devices. MOFs are porous crystalline materials that are cost-effective, biocompatible, and can be synthesized sustainably on a large scale, making them promising candidates for sensor development. However, research on MOF-based wearable and PoC sensors remains limited, and no comprehensive review has yet to synthesize the existing knowledge in this area. This review aims to fill that gap by emphasizing the design of materials, fabrication methodologies, sensing mechanisms, device construction, and real-world applicability of these sensors. Additionally, we underscore the importance and potential of MOF-based wearable and PoC sensors for advancing healthcare technologies. In conclusion, this review sheds light on the current state of the art, the challenges faced, and the opportunities ahead in MOF-based wearable and PoC sensing technologies.

现代医疗系统致力于为患者提供更舒适、创伤更小的体验,重点关注无创、无痛的诊断和治疗方法。当务之急是对危及生命的疾病进行早期诊断,通过早期治疗可显著改善患者的预后。虽然大多数患者在开始治疗前都必须接受诊断程序,但许多现有方法都是侵入性的、耗时的和不方便的。为了应对这些挑战,基于电化学的可穿戴设备和护理点(PoC)传感设备应运而生,在无创、连续、定期和远程监测关键生物标志物方面发挥着至关重要的作用。由于可穿戴设备和护理点传感设备具有众多优点,目前已开发出多种可穿戴设备和护理点传感设备。在这篇重点综述中,我们将探讨基于金属有机框架(MOFs)的可穿戴设备和 PoC 设备的进展。MOFs 是一种多孔结晶材料,具有成本效益高、生物相容性好、可持续大规模合成等特点,因此很有希望成为传感器开发的候选材料。然而,有关基于 MOF 的可穿戴和 PoC 传感器的研究仍然有限,而且还没有全面综述该领域的现有知识。本综述旨在通过强调这些传感器的材料设计、制造方法、传感机制、设备构造和实际应用性来填补这一空白。此外,我们还强调了基于 MOF 的可穿戴和 PoC 传感器在推动医疗保健技术发展方面的重要性和潜力。总之,本综述揭示了基于 MOF 的可穿戴和 PoC 传感技术的技术现状、面临的挑战和未来的机遇。
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引用次数: 0
Highly Sensitive Molecular Diagnostic Platform for Scrub Typhus Diagnosis Using O. tsutsugamushi Enrichment and Nucleic Acid Extraction. 利用恙虫卵富集和核酸提取技术诊断恙虫病的高灵敏度分子诊断平台
IF 4.9 3区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.3390/bios14100493
Myoung Gyu Kim, Seulki Kim, Juho Jang, Jinkwan Lee, Namheon Kim, Yeji Yu, A Reum Kim, Seungjin Lim, Moonsuk Bae, Yong Shin

Scrub typhus is caused by the Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi, and this tick-borne disease is difficult to distinguish from other acute febrile illnesses as it typically presents with symptoms such as rash, crusting at the bite site, headache, myalgia, lymphadenopathy, and elevated liver transaminases. It can often be diagnosed clinically, but not all patients present with characteristic symptoms, so serological diagnosis and molecular techniques may be required. However, existing diagnostic tests often have low sensitivity and specificity, making early detection difficult. This study presents a nucleic acid extraction method using large volumes of plasma and buffy coat to increase sensitivity, as well as an improved detection method using two target genes. Using the I-PULL device, nucleic acids can be extracted from up to 4 mL of sample in 30 min, avoiding contamination. The extracted DNA detects two genes of O. tsutsugamushi, increasing sensitivity compared to single-gene detection. Clinical validation in 38 patient samples showed 100% specificity and 95.24% sensitivity for the single target gene, with specificity and sensitivity rising to 100% when both genes are analyzed. This molecular diagnostic platform can be useful for distinguishing scrub typhus from similar diseases.

恙虫病是由革兰氏阴性细胞内细菌恙虫病菌(Orientia tsutsugamushi)引起的,这种蜱媒疾病很难与其他急性发热性疾病区分开来,因为它通常会出现皮疹、叮咬部位结痂、头痛、肌痛、淋巴结病和肝转氨酶升高等症状。这种疾病通常可以通过临床诊断,但并非所有患者都表现出特征性症状,因此可能需要进行血清学诊断和分子技术检测。然而,现有诊断测试的灵敏度和特异性往往较低,因此难以早期发现。本研究提出了一种利用大量血浆和水溶液提取核酸的方法,以提高灵敏度,并利用两个目标基因改进了检测方法。使用 I-PULL 装置,可在 30 分钟内从多达 4 毫升的样本中提取核酸,避免了污染。提取的 DNA 可检测恙虫病的两个基因,与单基因检测相比,灵敏度更高。在 38 份患者样本中进行的临床验证显示,单个目标基因的特异性为 100%,灵敏度为 95.24%,当分析两个基因时,特异性和灵敏度均上升到 100%。该分子诊断平台可用于区分恙虫病和类似疾病。
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引用次数: 0
Non-Invasive On-Off Fluorescent Biosensor for Endothelial Cell Detection. 用于内皮细胞检测的非侵入性开关荧光生物传感器
IF 4.9 3区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.3390/bios14100489
Qingyun Jiang, Shuai Shao, Na Li, Zhengyao Zhang, Bo Liu

For rapid and convenient detection of living endothelial cells (ECs) specifically without immunostaining, we developed a biosensor based on turn-on fluorescent protein, named LV-EcpG. It includes a high-affinity peptide E12P obtained through phage display technology for specifically recognizing ECs and a turn-on EGFP fused with two linker peptides. The "on-off" switching mechanism of this genetically encoded fluorescent protein-based biosensor (FPB) ensured that fluorescence signals were activated only when binding with ECs, thus enabling these FPB characters for direct, visual, and non-invasive detection of ECs. Its specificity and multicolor imaging capability established LV-EcpG as a powerful tool for live EC research, with significant potential for diagnosing and treating cardiovascular diseases and tumor angiogenesis.

为了在不进行免疫染色的情况下快速方便地检测活体内皮细胞(EC),我们开发了一种基于开启荧光蛋白的生物传感器,命名为 LV-EcpG。它包括一个通过噬菌体展示技术获得的用于特异性识别 EC 的高亲和力肽 E12P 和一个融合了两个连接肽的开启型 EGFP。这种基因编码的基于荧光蛋白的生物传感器(FPB)的 "开关 "机制确保了只有在与心肌细胞结合时才会激活荧光信号,从而使这些 FPB 字符能够直接、可视和非侵入性地检测心肌细胞。它的特异性和多色成像能力使 LV-EcpG 成为活体心血管细胞研究的有力工具,在诊断和治疗心血管疾病及肿瘤血管生成方面具有巨大潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Review of Liquid Metal Fiber Based Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 基于液态金属纤维的生物传感器和生物电子学综述。
IF 4.9 3区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.3390/bios14100490
Xiaotong Liu, Hui Xu, Jiameng Li, Yanqing Liu, Haojun Fan

Liquid metal, as a novel material, has become ideal for the fabrication of flexible conductive fibers and has shown great potential in the field of biomedical sensing. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the unique properties of liquid metals such as gallium-based alloys, including their excellent electrical conductivity, mobility, and biocompatibility. These properties make liquid metals ideal for the fabrication of flexible and malleable biosensors. The article explores common preparation methods for liquid metal conductive fibers, such as internal liquid metal filling, surface printing with liquid metal, and liquid metal coating techniques, and their applications in health monitoring, neural interfaces, and wearable devices. By summarizing and analyzing the current research, this paper aims to reveal the current status and challenges of liquid metal conductive fibers in the field of biosensors and to look forward to their development in the future, which will provide valuable references and insights for researchers in the field of biomedical engineering.

液态金属作为一种新型材料,已成为制造柔性导电纤维的理想材料,并在生物医学传感领域显示出巨大潜力。本文全面评述了镓基合金等液态金属的独特性能,包括其出色的导电性、流动性和生物相容性。这些特性使液态金属成为制造柔性和可塑性生物传感器的理想材料。文章探讨了液态金属导电纤维的常见制备方法,如内部液态金属填充、液态金属表面印刷和液态金属涂层技术,以及它们在健康监测、神经接口和可穿戴设备中的应用。本文通过对当前研究的总结和分析,旨在揭示液态金属导电纤维在生物传感器领域的现状和挑战,并展望其未来的发展,为生物医学工程领域的研究人员提供有价值的参考和启示。
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引用次数: 0
Noninvasive Monitoring of Glycemia Level in Diabetic Patients by Wearable Advanced Biosensors. 利用可穿戴式先进生物传感器对糖尿病患者的血糖水平进行无创监测
IF 4.9 3区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.3390/bios14100486
Elena V Daboss, Maria A Komkova, Vita N Nikitina, Egor A Andreev, Darya V Vokhmyanina, Arkady A Karyakin

We report on the possibility of noninvasive diabetes monitoring through continuous analysis of sweat. The prediction of the blood glucose level in diabetic patients is possible on the basis of their sweat glucose content due to the positive correlation discovered. The ratio between the blood glucose and sweat glucose concentrations for a certain diabetic subject is stable within weeks, excluding requirements for frequent blood probing. The glucose variations in sweat display allometric (non-linear) dependence on those in blood, allowing more precise blood glucose estimation. Selective (avoiding false-positive responses) and sensitive (sweat glucose is on average 30-50 times lower) detection is possible with biosensors based on the glucose oxidase enzyme coupled with a Prussian Blue transducer. Reliable glucose detection in just secreted sweat would allow noninvasive monitoring of the glycemia level in diabetic patients.

我们报告了通过连续分析汗液进行无创糖尿病监测的可能性。由于发现了正相关关系,因此可以根据糖尿病患者的汗液葡萄糖含量预测其血糖水平。某位糖尿病患者的血糖和汗液葡萄糖浓度之间的比率在数周内保持稳定,无需频繁抽血检测。汗液中的葡萄糖变化与血液中的葡萄糖变化呈异速(非线性)关系,从而可以更精确地估计血糖。基于葡萄糖氧化酶和普鲁士蓝传感器的生物传感器可进行选择性(避免假阳性反应)和灵敏性(汗液葡萄糖平均低 30-50 倍)检测。通过对分泌汗液中的葡萄糖进行可靠检测,可以对糖尿病患者的血糖水平进行无创监测。
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引用次数: 0
Tear-Based Ocular Wearable Biosensors for Human Health Monitoring. 基于泪液的眼部可穿戴生物传感器用于人体健康监测。
IF 4.9 3区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.3390/bios14100483
Arunima Rajan, Jithin Vishnu, Balakrishnan Shankar

Wearable tear-based biosensors have garnered substantial interest for real time monitoring with an emphasis on personalized health care. These biosensors utilize major tear biomarkers such as proteins, lipids, metabolites, and electrolytes for the detection and recording of stable biological signals in a non-invasive manner. The present comprehensive review delves deep into the tear composition along with potential biomarkers that can identify, monitor, and predict certain ocular diseases such as dry eye disease, conjunctivitis, eye-related infections, as well as diabetes mellitus. Recent technologies in tear-based wearable point-of-care medical devices, specifically the state-of-the-art and prospects of glucose, pH, lactate, protein, lipid, and electrolyte sensing from tear are discussed. Finally, the review addresses the existing challenges associated with the widespread application of tear-based sensors, which will pave the way for advanced scientific research and development of such non-invasive health monitoring devices.

基于泪液的可穿戴生物传感器在实时监测方面引起了人们的极大兴趣,其重点在于个性化医疗保健。这些生物传感器利用主要的泪液生物标记物,如蛋白质、脂类、代谢物和电解质,以非侵入方式检测和记录稳定的生物信号。本综述深入探讨了泪液成分以及潜在的生物标记物,这些标记物可以识别、监测和预测某些眼部疾病,如干眼症、结膜炎、眼部相关感染以及糖尿病。报告还讨论了基于泪液的可穿戴护理点医疗设备的最新技术,特别是泪液中葡萄糖、pH 值、乳酸盐、蛋白质、脂质和电解质传感的最新技术和前景。最后,该综述探讨了与广泛应用泪液传感器相关的现有挑战,这将为此类无创健康监测设备的高级科学研究和开发铺平道路。
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引用次数: 0
ZnS and Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite-Based Non-Enzymatic Biosensor for the Photoelectrochemical Detection of Uric Acid. 基于 ZnS 和还原石墨烯氧化物纳米复合材料的非酶生物传感器,用于光电化学检测尿酸。
IF 4.9 3区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.3390/bios14100488
Yao Zhao, Niancai Peng, Weizhuo Gao, Fei Hu, Chuanyu Zhang, Xueyong Wei

In this work, we report a study of a zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanocrystal and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposite-based non-enzymatic uric acid biosensor. ZnS nanocrystals with different morphologies were synthesized through a hydrothermal method, and both pure nanocrystals and related ZnS/RGO were characterized with SEM, XRD and an absorption spectrum and resistance test. It was found that compared to ZnS nanoparticles, the ZnS nanoflakes had stronger UV light absorption ability at the wavelength of 280 nm of UV light. The RGO significantly enhanced the electron transfer efficiency of the ZnS nanoflakes, which further led to a better photoelectrochemical property of the ZnS/RGO nanocomposites. The ZnS nanoflake/RGO nanocomposite-based biosensor showed an excellent uric acid detecting sensitivity of 534.5 μA·cm-2·mM-1 in the linear range of 0.01 to 2 mM and a detection limit of 0.048 μM. These results will help to improve non-enzymatic biosensor properties for the rapid and accurate clinical detection of uric acid.

在这项工作中,我们报告了一项基于硫化锌(ZnS)纳米晶体和还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)纳米复合材料的非酶尿酸生物传感器的研究。通过水热法合成了不同形态的硫化锌纳米晶体,并利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射、吸收光谱和电阻测试对纯纳米晶体和相关的硫化锌/还原氧化石墨烯进行了表征。研究发现,与 ZnS 纳米颗粒相比,ZnS 纳米薄片在波长为 280 纳米的紫外光下具有更强的紫外光吸收能力。RGO 明显提高了 ZnS 纳米片的电子传递效率,从而进一步提高了 ZnS/RGO 纳米复合材料的光电化学性能。基于 ZnS 纳米薄片/RGO 纳米复合材料的生物传感器在 0.01 至 2 mM 的线性范围内显示出卓越的尿酸检测灵敏度,达到 534.5 μA-cm-2-mM-1,检测限为 0.048 μM。这些结果将有助于提高非酶生物传感器的性能,从而实现对尿酸的快速、准确的临床检测。
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引用次数: 0
Hydrocarbonoclastic Biofilm-Based Microbial Fuel Cells: Exploiting Biofilms at Water-Oil Interface for Renewable Energy and Wastewater Remediation. 基于碳氢化合物生物膜的微生物燃料电池:利用水油界面的生物膜实现可再生能源和废水修复。
IF 4.9 3区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.3390/bios14100484
Nicola Lovecchio, Roberto Giuseppetti, Lucia Bertuccini, Sandra Columba-Cabezas, Valentina Di Meo, Mario Figliomeni, Francesca Iosi, Giulia Petrucci, Michele Sonnessa, Fabio Magurano, Emilio D'Ugo

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) represent a promising technology for sustainable energy generation, which leverages the metabolic activities of microorganisms to convert organic substrates into electrical energy. In oil spill scenarios, hydrocarbonoclastic biofilms naturally form at the water-oil interface, creating a distinct environment for microbial activity. In this work, we engineered a novel MFC that harnesses these biofilms by strategically positioning the positive electrode at this critical junction, integrating the biofilm's natural properties into the MFC design. These biofilms, composed of specialized hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, are vital in supporting electron transfer, significantly enhancing the system's power generation. Next-generation sequencing and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the microbial community, revealing a significant enrichment of hydrocarbonoclastic Gammaproteobacteria within the biofilm. Notably, key genera such as Paenalcaligenes, Providencia, and Pseudomonas were identified as dominant members, each contributing to the degradation of complex hydrocarbons and supporting the electrogenic activity of the MFCs. An electrochemical analysis demonstrated that the MFC achieved a stable power output of 51.5 μW under static conditions, with an internal resistance of about 1.05 kΩ. The system showed remarkable long-term stability, which maintained consistent performance over a 5-day testing period, with an average daily energy storage of approximately 216 mJ. Additionally, the MFC effectively recovered after deep discharge cycles, sustaining power output for up to 7.5 h before requiring a recovery period. Overall, the study indicates that MFCs based on hydrocarbonoclastic biofilms provide a dual-functionality system, combining renewable energy generation with environmental remediation, particularly in wastewater treatment. Despite lower power output compared to other hydrocarbon-degrading MFCs, the results highlight the potential of this technology for autonomous sensor networks and other low-power applications, which required sustainable energy sources. Moreover, the hydrocarbonoclastic biofilm-based MFC presented here offer significant potential as a biosensor for real-time monitoring of hydrocarbons and other contaminants in water. The biofilm's electrogenic properties enable the detection of organic compound degradation, positioning this system as ideal for environmental biosensing applications.

微生物燃料电池(MFC)是一种前景广阔的可持续能源发电技术,它利用微生物的新陈代谢活动将有机基质转化为电能。在溢油情况下,水油界面会自然形成碳氢化合物生物膜,为微生物活动创造了独特的环境。在这项工作中,我们设计了一种新型 MFC,通过将正电极战略性地放置在这一关键交界处,将生物膜的自然特性融入 MFC 设计中,从而利用这些生物膜。这些生物膜由专门的碳氢化合物降解细菌组成,对支持电子传递至关重要,从而大大提高了系统的发电量。下一代测序技术和扫描电子显微镜被用来描述微生物群落的特征,结果表明生物膜中碳氢化合物分解噬菌体(hydrocarbonoclastic Gammaproteobacteria)大量富集。值得注意的是,Paenalcaligenes、Providencia 和 Pseudomonas 等关键菌属被确定为主要成员,它们都有助于降解复杂的碳氢化合物,并支持 MFC 的电生活性。电化学分析表明,MFC 在静态条件下可稳定输出 51.5 μW 的功率,内阻约为 1.05 kΩ。该系统显示出卓越的长期稳定性,在为期 5 天的测试期间保持了稳定的性能,平均每天的能量储存约为 216 mJ。此外,MFC 还能在深度放电循环后有效恢复,在需要恢复期之前维持功率输出长达 7.5 小时。总之,这项研究表明,基于碳氢化合物生物膜的 MFC 是一种具有双重功能的系统,可将可再生能源发电与环境修复相结合,特别是在废水处理方面。尽管与其他碳氢化合物降解 MFC 相比,该技术的功率输出较低,但研究结果凸显了该技术在自主传感器网络和其他需要可持续能源的低功率应用中的潜力。此外,本文介绍的基于碳氢化合物生物膜的 MFC 作为一种生物传感器,在实时监测水中碳氢化合物和其他污染物方面具有巨大潜力。生物膜的电生特性能够检测有机化合物的降解,使该系统成为环境生物传感应用的理想选择。
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引用次数: 0
Paper-Based DNA Biosensor for Rapid and Selective Detection of miR-21. 用于快速选择性检测 miR-21 的纸基 DNA 生物传感器
IF 4.9 3区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.3390/bios14100485
Alexander Hunt, Sri Ramulu Torati, Gymama Slaughter

Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, with 9.7 million fatalities in 2022. While routine screenings are vital for early detection, healthcare disparities persist, highlighting the need for equitable solutions. Recent advancements in cancer biomarker identification, particularly microRNAs (miRs), have improved early detection. MiR-21 is notably overexpressed in various cancers and can be a valuable diagnostic tool. Traditional detection methods, though accurate, are costly and complex, limiting their use in resource-limited settings. Paper-based electrochemical biosensors offer a promising alternative, providing cost-effective, sensitive, and rapid diagnostics suitable for point-of-care use. This study introduces an innovative electrochemical paper-based biosensor that leverages gold inkjet printing for the quantitative detection of miR-21. The biosensor, aimed at developing cost-effective point-of-care devices for low-resource settings, uses thiolated self-assembled monolayers to immobilize single-stranded DNA-21 (ssDNA-21) on electrodeposited gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the printed gold surface, facilitating specific miR-21 capture. The hybridization of ssDNA-21 with miR-21 increases the anionic barrier density, impeding electron transfer from the redox probe and resulting in a current suppression that correlates with miR-21 concentration. The biosensor exhibited a linear detection range from 1 fM to 1 nM miR-21 with a sensitivity of 7.69 fM µA-1 cm2 and a rapid response time (15 min). With a low detection limit of 0.35 fM miR-21 in serum, the biosensor also demonstrates excellent selectivity against interferent species. This study introduces an electrochemical paper-based biosensor that uses gold inkjet printing to precisely detect miR-21, a key biomarker overexpressed in various cancers. This innovative device highlights the potential for cost-effective, accessible cancer diagnostics in underserved areas.

癌症是全球第二大死因,2022 年将有 970 万人死于癌症。虽然常规筛查对早期检测至关重要,但医疗保健方面的差距依然存在,这凸显了公平解决方案的必要性。癌症生物标志物鉴定方面的最新进展,尤其是微小核糖核酸(miRs),改善了早期检测。MiR-21 在各种癌症中明显过表达,可以成为一种有价值的诊断工具。传统的检测方法虽然准确,但成本高且复杂,限制了它们在资源有限的环境中的应用。基于纸张的电化学生物传感器提供了一种前景广阔的替代方法,可提供适合床旁使用的经济、灵敏、快速的诊断方法。本研究介绍了一种创新的电化学纸基生物传感器,它利用金喷墨打印技术对 miR-21 进行定量检测。该生物传感器旨在为低资源环境开发具有成本效益的床旁设备,它利用硫醇自组装单层将单链 DNA-21 (ssDNA-21)固定在印刷金表面的电沉积金纳米粒子(AuNPs)上,从而促进特异性 miR-21 捕获。ssDNA-21 与 miR-21 的杂交增加了阴离子阻挡密度,阻碍了氧化还原探针的电子传递,导致电流抑制,而电流抑制与 miR-21 的浓度相关。该生物传感器的线性检测范围为 1 fM 至 1 nM miR-21,灵敏度为 7.69 fM µA-1 cm2,响应时间短(15 分钟)。该生物传感器的检测限低至血清中的 0.35 fM miR-21,而且对干扰物具有极佳的选择性。本研究介绍了一种基于电化学纸的生物传感器,它利用金喷墨打印技术精确检测各种癌症中过度表达的关键生物标志物 miR-21。这种创新装置凸显了在服务欠缺地区进行经济、便捷的癌症诊断的潜力。
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