Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech最新文献

{"title":"Artificial intelligence analysis of thermal energy for convectively heated ternary nanofluid flow in radiated channel considering viscous dissipations aspects","authors":"Hamid Qureshi ,&nbsp;Amjad Ali Pasha ,&nbsp;Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja ,&nbsp;Zahoor Shah ,&nbsp;Salem Algarni ,&nbsp;Talal Alqahtani ,&nbsp;Waqar Azeem Khan ,&nbsp;Moinul Haq","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.101955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.101955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal management is very important in engineering applications to improve the systems’ performance and to reduce the environmental impact. This research works to establish the convective heat transfer coefficient (CHTC) of new improved ternary hybrid functionalized nanofluids with CuO, Fe₂O₃, and SiO₂ nanoparticles in polymeric fluid. The investigations are aimed at the use of the state-of-the-art AI techniques for predicting and simulating the heat transfer processes in radiated channels as well as incorporating the effects of viscous dissipation and radiation. A new computational process tools up Python, Mathematica, and MATLAB to solve the transformed system of PDEs a LMNNA. These results support the qualitative understanding regarding flow rate dependency on R but dependency of flow rate on γ. Likewise, temperature profiles increase with increase in Eckert number (Ec) and Prandtl ratio (Pr) but decreases as radiating parameter (Rd) increases. The use of AI in creating the simulations is more accurate for prediction than traditional numerical methods with an improved MSE of up to 10⁻¹⁴ through the Python model. With focus on technological advancements in the field of thermal heat, these studies show great promise of THF in enhancing rate of heat transfer-issues which complete several energy storage systems, cooling techniques in aeronautics as well as electric vehicle operational convenience via thermal layout.</div><div>A synergetic composition of three distinct nanomaterial oxides of Copper, Iron and Silicon in engine oil, contributes unique thermophysical character in thermal management. Advance computational technique with combination of AI with Python, Mathematica and Matlab (AIPMM) employing Levenberg Marquardt Neural Network Algorithm (LMNNA), is used for solving a transformed system of ODEs, which was obtained from the system of PDEs of present model. Dataset generated from Python and Mathematica is filtered and embedded into LMNNA for evaluation and comparison of results.</div><div>Temperature and flow rate profile are analyzed against variations in sundry characteristics. The profile of flow rate shows it increases with fluidity parameter <strong><em>R</em></strong> and decreases with increasing deviation parameter <strong><em>γ.</em></strong> Temperature outline shows it enhances with Eckert <strong><em>Ec</em></strong> and Prandtl <strong><em>Pr</em></strong> ratio but decreases with increase in radiating parameter <strong><em>Rd</em></strong>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101955"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143169201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern advancements of energy storage systems integrated with hybrid renewable energy sources for water pumping application","authors":"Marwa M. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Haneen M. Bawayan ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Enany ,&nbsp;Mahmoud M. Elymany ,&nbsp;Ahmed A. Shaier","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.101967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.101967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of hybrid renewable energy water pumping systems (HREWPS), which integrate renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic (PV) systems and wind turbines (WTs) with water pumping technologies to offer sustainable and efficient solutions for water supply in remote and off-grid areas. The study explores the technical and operational aspects of HREWPS, including components, system configurations, energy storage integration, and control methodologies. Basic areas discussed include photovoltaic water pumping systems (PVWPS), with a focus on solar cell technologies, DC-DC converters, motor-pump configurations, and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques; wind energy water pumping systems (WEWPS), analyzing wind turbine designs, motor-pump compatibility, and hybrid configurations; and energy storage systems (ESSs), covering battery technologies, water tanks, and hybrid storage solutions to enhance reliability and mitigate renewable energy intermittency. The manuscript also highlights the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) to optimize energy management, predict irrigation demands, and improve operational efficiency. Additionally, recent advancements in energy storage, such as hybrid configurations of batteries and supercapacitors, are discussed in the context of enhancing system sustainability and reducing operational costs. Case studies from diverse geographical locations demonstrate the economic and environmental benefits of HREWPS, including significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and increased agricultural productivity. Despite their potential, challenges such as renewable energy intermittency, optimal sizing, and cost-effectiveness are addressed. The study concludes by identifying gaps in existing research and proposing future directions, such as integrating hydrogen generation, advanced AI algorithms, and innovative energy storage techniques to further enhance the feasibility and impact of HREWPS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101967"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of tri-band flexible CPW 4-port slot MIMO antenna for conformal 5G, WIFI 6/6E and X-band applications","authors":"Chengzhu Du,&nbsp;Fangrui Zhang,&nbsp;Ruomeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a tri-band flexible CPW 4-Port slot MIMO antenna is devised according to the requirements of 5G communication systems for signal transmission, which can be applied to 5G N77/78(3.3–4.2 GHz), WIFI6/6E (5.15–5.83 GHz,5.925–7.125 GHz) and X-band (8.5–10.68 GHz) satellite communication. Four slot antennas are placed orthogonally, and the high isolation of the antenna is achieved by isolated branches made of crossed branches and circles. The antenna is fabricated on a flexible dielectric substrate, and the bending test and human body test results meet the specified requirements. The measurement results indicate that the operating bands are 3.0–4.46 GHz, 5.07–7.15 GHz and 8.01–12 GHz, the port isolation (S21, S31) is better than 25 dB, and the envelope correlation coefficients (ECC) are all less than 0.01, which indicate that the antenna has a broad application prospect in the field of wearable 5G and future 6G communication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101937"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polarization-independent high-sensitive metamaterial sensor for chemical sensing and EMI shielding application","authors":"Md Kutub Uddin ,&nbsp;Shawon Hossen ,&nbsp;Touhidul Alam ,&nbsp;Mohammad Tariqul Islam ,&nbsp;Saleh Albadran ,&nbsp;Haitham Alsaif ,&nbsp;Ahmed S. Alshammari ,&nbsp;Ahmed Alzamil ,&nbsp;Mohammad Lutful Hakim","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.101952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.101952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemical sensing is essential for characterizing liquid chemical samples in the chemical industry. Consequently, Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding is crucial for promising the reliable functioning of diverse electronic devices. This study proposes a polarization-independent high-sensitive quadrant-shaped metamaterial (QM) sensor for chemical sensing and effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications. The metamaterial (MTM) is specifically developed to demonstrate a polarization-insensitive electromagnetic (EM) response, which has a high sensitivity level for chemical sensing. This study explores the EMI shielding and sensor performance using a 0.33λ × 0.33λ × 0.052λ mm³ Rogers RT5880 substrate. This MTM-based sensor exhibits resonance at 10 GHz for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes. Besides, the transmission coefficient(S₂₁) is investigated at different <em>φ</em>-angle and <em>θ</em>-angle, where <em>φ</em>-angle and <em>θ</em>-angle are applied up to 90˚ and 75˚ for TE and TM modes. Furthermore, To validate the designed MTM, a 40 × 50 mm² array prototype is fabricated, and the performance of the MTM is investigated in the laboratory, where the real-time investigation results strongly agree with the simulation result. Besides, the unit cell structure can be utilized as a sensor for detecting different liquid chemical substances. The sensor model achieves a high sensitivity of 18.87 as well as a high-quality Factor (Q-Factor) of 475. The MTM sensor also has a significant Figure of Merit (FoM) of 4411.80, which is a significant achievement for sensing technology. Therefore, The proposed compact and polarization-insensitive MTM has possibilities in various sensing industries, including telecommunications and liquid chemical substance monitoring, and it shows promise for improvements in chemical industries and EMI shielding technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101952"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ciliary peristalsis flow of hydromagnetic Sutterby nanofluid through symmetric channel: Viscous dissipation in case of variable electrical conductivity","authors":"Sameh A. Hussein ,&nbsp;Sameh E. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Anas A.M. Arafa","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.101956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.101956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the sperm to have the best chance of reaching the egg, the ciliated walls of the uterine tube must be meticulously monitored. Recognizing the significance of this investigation, a novel mathematical simulation of this process has been performed by analyzing the dynamics of a non-Newtonian magnetized fluid adopting a Darcy flow framework with an undulating wall and an interior ciliated membrane. In the present investigation, the transmission of heat in a two-dimensional flexible conduit with ciliated walls of magnetic Sutterby nanofluids is investigated by considering all of these variables concurrently. Buongiorno’s nanofluid approach, that involves Brownian motion and thermophoresis aspects is considered. The channel is susceptible to ciliary wave motion, Joule heating effects, viscous dissipation, non-linear radiation flux, and other circumstances. The suspension’s electrical conductivity has been identified as a variable that is dependent on concentration distributions and the surrounding temperature. The problem-solving strategy depends on first transforming the system into a dimensionless form, after which using the lubrication approximation, the evolving boundary value problems has been normalized and linearized form. To carry out the numerical computations and produce graphical solutions, an appropriate algorithm is created and is referred to as the built-in command ND-Solve via computational software known as Mathematica. The most important findings pointed out that the gradients of the pressure are higher in the case of dilatant fluid <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> comparing to the case of pseudoplastic fluid <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>. Additionally, when the metachronal waves variable gets bigger, the peristaltic ciliary motility has a more optimal axial velocity than peristaltic flow along the walls within the entire area <span><math><mrow><mo>[</mo><mo>±</mo><mn>0.5</mn><mo>,</mo><mo>±</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>]</mo></mrow></math></span>. The findings revealed a thorough grasp of biomimetic energy frameworks that utilize nanotechnology, magnetism, and ciliary peristalsis flow. Besides that, they provide a useful baseline for multi-physics simulations that are both experimental and numerical.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101956"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive coordinated control for an under-actuated airplane–tractor system with parameter uncertainties","authors":"Pengjie Xu ,&nbsp;Weining Huang ,&nbsp;Tianrui Zhao ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Tongwei Lu ,&nbsp;Guiyan Qiang ,&nbsp;Lin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanzheng Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coupled system composed of an airplane and a tractor has complex dynamical and highly under-actuated characteristics. In this study, to achieve coordinated motion of the airplane–tractor system with heavy load, a novel adaptive coordinated motion controller is proposed for the system to track a desired trajectory, ensuring both the transient and steady-state performance of the system during operation. First, the dynamic model of the system is established based on Lagrangian method. A decoupling control approach for velocity and angle control is adopted based on the analysis of system dynamics. Second, a function reflecting global coordination is constructed, and then it is transformed into an unconstrained variable through a designed performance function. Next, an adaptive control structure is introduced to handle system parameters uncertainties via the unconstrained variable. Co-simulations and a real experiment are conducted in the end. Model accuracy and controller effectiveness are validated by comparing with other methods, the robustness of the proposed method are validated under different conditions in both simulation and real-world environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101938"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Memory-driven deep-reinforcement learning for autonomous robot navigation in partially observable environments","authors":"Estrella Montero ,&nbsp;Nabih Pico ,&nbsp;Mitra Ghergherehchi ,&nbsp;Ho Seung Song","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Service robots with autonomous navigational capabilities play a critical role in dynamic contexts where safe and collision-free human interactions are important. However, the unpredictable nature of human behavior, the prevalence of occlusions and the lack of complete environmental perception due to sensor limitations can severely restrict effective robot navigation. We propose a memory-driven algorithm that employs deep reinforcement learning to enable collision-free proactive navigation in partially observable environments. The proposed method takes the relative states of humans within a limited FoV and sensor range as input into the neural network. The model employs a bidirectional gated recurrent unit as a temporal function to strategically incorporate the previous context of input sequences and facilitate the assimilation of the observations. This approach allows the model to assign greater attention to intricate human–robot relations, allowing a better understanding of the ever-changing dynamics within an environment. Simulations and experimental outcomes validate the efficacy of the policy-based navigation approach. It achieves superior collision avoidance performance compared to representative existing methods and exhibits efficient navigation by incorporating the limitations of sensors during training.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101942"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Passive flow control devices for road vehicles: A comprehensive review","authors":"Md. Nazmus Salehin,&nbsp;Nayem Zaman Saimoon,&nbsp;Mim Mashrur Ahmed,&nbsp;Md. Rabiul Islam Sarker,&nbsp;Mahadi Hasan Masud","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.101953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.101953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aerodynamic drag reduction is considered to be one of the most effective ways to minimize fuel consumption. Hence, this work focuses on reviewing some of the most promising passive flow control techniques for drag and lift reduction in automotive vehicles for enhanced stability and reduced fuel consumption. Firstly, the working physics behind different strategies, like deflectors, diffusers, spoilers, vortex generators, and flaps were elaborately discussed, followed by a detailed comparison among these techniques in terms of resultant drag and lift forces. Among several strategies, the gurney flap showed the huge potential of reducing 67.74% drag force with a slight increase in the lift force. Moreover, straight and concave deflectors can reduce lift force by 118.89% that will improve the aerodynamic stability of the vehicle by a large margin. This study reveals that a combination of a gurney flap, straight-concave deflector, angled fin diffuser, cylindrical vortex generator, and sports wing-lip spoiler is expected to provide the best aerodynamic performance and needs to be further investigated numerically and experimentally. The future scope of the current study is also presented at the end along with the current challenges associated with the implementation of various passive flow control techniques on road vehicles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101953"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FABLDroid: Malware detection based on hybrid analysis with factor analysis and broad learning methods for android applications","authors":"Kazım Kılıç ,&nbsp;İsmail Atacak ,&nbsp;İbrahim Alper Doğru","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101945","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Android operating system, which is popular on mobile devices, creates concerns for users due to the malware it is exposed to. Android allows applications to be downloaded and installed outside the official application store. Applications installed from third-party environments threaten users’ privacy and security. Deep learning-based methods are popular for detecting Android malware. However, deep learning methods contain a large number of parameters and have high memory consumption and are graphics card dependent architectures. To overcome these difficulties, a detection architecture using lightweight Broad learning method that provides high detection performance as an alternative to layer stacking found in deep structures is presented. Our method is based on a lightweight deep neural network architecture based on broad learning to reveal hidden factors to detect Android malware. The proposed architecture uses the Factor Analysis (FA) dimension reduction method to reveal hidden factors within the hybrid features of Android applications. The features extracted by factor analysis are expanded using the broad learning method and fed to a deep neural network with two hidden layers. In the proposed method, the learning ability of the deep neural network architecture, which has strong computational ability, is increased with the broad learning technique. The Kronodroid dataset is used to validate our approach. The Kronodroid dataset is a dataset consisting of malware and benign applications, specifically designed to examine and explore the concept drift and cross-device detection issues in the problem domain. The Kronodroid dataset contains different datasets obtained from both real devices and emulator runtimes. The tests of our method were carried out separately with the features extracted in the real device and emulator runtime. In this way, the behaviors of malicious applications in different environments were compared. In order to verify the effectiveness of the factor analysis method, the classification performance was measured by extracting 32, 64, 128, and 256 features with different dimensionality reduction techniques. As a result of the experiments conducted using different rates of expansion with the broad learning method, a 98.20% accuracy value was achieved on the real device dataset with the proposed architecture. An accuracy value of 97.90% was produced on the emulator dataset. In order to compare the proposed method on different datasets, 4000 applications were downloaded from the Androzoo environment to create a hybrid feature dataset. The proposed method achieved 98.40% accuracy on the Androzoo dataset. The experimental results reveal that the broad learning method increases the performance compared to the raw features. The findings show that the proposed broad learning-based method exhibits successful performance compared to similar studies based on deep learning using ensemble learning methods and layer stacking.&lt;/div","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101945"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards last-mile connectivity in 6G-IoT: An integrated MIMO-FSO communication system and FBG sensors under atmospheric attenuations, strain and temperature effects","authors":"R. Arunachalam,&nbsp;Rupali Singh,&nbsp;M. Vinoth Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.101958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.101958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Free-space optical (FSO) communication is an advanced wireless optical communication technology that provides high-speed data services for 6th-generation wireless communication and Internet of Things (IoT) networks. In light of developing a 6G IoT network in an open environment, this paper analyses the impact of temperature and strain on FSO communication links using Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors. FSO systems are sensitive to temperature variations, and the position of the receiving telescope can be altered by mechanical strain that can affect the refractive index of the atmosphere, leading to signal attenuation and pointing errors. The current work proposes a model that integrates FBG sensors with an FSO channel for simultaneous strain and temperature measurements and a compensator that overcomes severe signal attenuations. Also, the impact of atmospheric attenuations on FSO systems is analysed. Scintillation models for weak, moderate and strong turbulence conditions are analysed, and the performance of the gamma-gamma turbulence model has been used to observe the MIMO FSO channel. The results are observed for FSO links with the atmospheric attenuations with FBG sensors that reflect the pointing errors at the receiver, showing a comprehensive ability to capture strain and temperature parameters. For the transmission of 10 Gb/s data, it was observed that the inclusion of the Multiple input and multiple-output (MIMO)-FSO technique significantly reduces bit errors from −3.12494 dB to −35.018 dB and increase signal power from 52.4 dBm to 58.9 dBm, indicating the adaptability of this integrated strategy for FSO communication with FBG sensors for last mile connectivity in 6G-IoT applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 101958"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143131179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}