Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech最新文献_第6页

A hybrid PatchNet-Attention based deep learning architecture for multi-type fabric defect classification in textile manufacturing and quality control 基于PatchNet-Attention的混合深度学习体系结构在纺织制造和质量控制中的多类型织物缺陷分类

IF 5.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102231

Isil Karabey Aksakalli , Kubra Demir , Ozlem Sokmen

Accurate and timely detection of defects that may occur on fabric surfaces is a critical requirement for ensuring sustainable production quality in the textile industry. Due to human resource, time, and cost limitations, there is a growing interest in advanced image processing and deep learning-based automatic defect detection systems to improve the accuracy and efficiency of quality control in fabric manufacturing processes. In this study, we propose a novel hybrid PatchNet–Attention architecture that integrates patch-based feature extraction with an attention mechanism to improve defect localization and recognition. To evaluate the generalizability of the proposed architecture, its performance was tested on three public datasets using different class structures. Specifically, four classification scenarios were conducted: (i) classification with baseline models, (ii) patch-based classification, (iii) classification with a Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM)-enhanced model, and (iv) the proposed hybrid PatchNet–Attention architecture. Initially, 15 pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures were evaluated using transfer learning on the ZD001 dataset. The best-performing models, ResNet101V2 and Xception, were then selected as the foundation for constructing the hybrid PatchNet–Attention model. The experimental results demonstrate that configurations incorporating the attention mechanism consistently achieve the highest performance across all evaluated datasets. Specifically, the hybrid PatchNet–Attention model attained superior outcomes on the ZD001 dataset, with an F1-score of 99.15% and a Receiver Operating Characteristic–Area Under the Curve (ROC–AUC) of 99.5% in the three-class setting, and an F1-score of 97.28% with a ROC–AUC of 99.74% in the nine-subclass configuration. In the TILDA data set, the proposed model produced an F1 score of 87.74% and an ROC-AUC of 98.09%, while in the FDD data set it achieved an F1 score of 98.95% and a ROC-AUC of 99.50%. The source code of the proposed method can be accessed from the Data Availability section.

准确和及时地检测织物表面可能出现的缺陷是确保纺织工业可持续生产质量的关键要求。由于人力资源、时间和成本的限制，人们对先进的图像处理和基于深度学习的自动缺陷检测系统越来越感兴趣，以提高织物制造过程中质量控制的准确性和效率。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种新的混合补丁-注意力架构，该架构将基于补丁的特征提取与注意力机制相结合，以提高缺陷的定位和识别。为了评估所提出的体系结构的泛化性，在使用不同类结构的三个公共数据集上测试了其性能。具体来说，进行了四种分类场景：(i)使用基线模型进行分类，（ii）基于补丁的分类，（iii）使用卷积块注意力模块（CBAM）增强模型进行分类，以及（iv）提出的混合PatchNet-Attention架构。首先，在ZD001数据集上使用迁移学习对15个预训练的卷积神经网络（CNN）架构进行评估。然后选择表现最好的模型ResNet101V2和Xception作为构建混合PatchNet-Attention模型的基础。实验结果表明，包含注意机制的配置在所有评估的数据集上都一致地获得了最高的性能。具体而言，混合PatchNet-Attention模型在ZD001数据集上获得了更好的结果，在3类设置下的f1得分为99.15%，受试者工作特征曲线下面积（ROC-AUC）为99.5%；在9类配置下的f1得分为97.28%，ROC-AUC为99.74%。在TILDA数据集中，该模型的F1得分为87.74%，ROC-AUC为98.09%，而在FDD数据集中，该模型的F1得分为98.95%，ROC-AUC为99.50%。建议的方法的源代码可以从Data Availability部分访问。

{"title":"A hybrid PatchNet-Attention based deep learning architecture for multi-type fabric defect classification in textile manufacturing and quality control","authors":"Isil Karabey Aksakalli , Kubra Demir , Ozlem Sokmen","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate and timely detection of defects that may occur on fabric surfaces is a critical requirement for ensuring sustainable production quality in the textile industry. Due to human resource, time, and cost limitations, there is a growing interest in advanced image processing and deep learning-based automatic defect detection systems to improve the accuracy and efficiency of quality control in fabric manufacturing processes. In this study, we propose a novel hybrid PatchNet–Attention architecture that integrates patch-based feature extraction with an attention mechanism to improve defect localization and recognition. To evaluate the generalizability of the proposed architecture, its performance was tested on three public datasets using different class structures. Specifically, four classification scenarios were conducted: (i) classification with baseline models, (ii) patch-based classification, (iii) classification with a Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM)-enhanced model, and (iv) the proposed hybrid PatchNet–Attention architecture. Initially, 15 pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures were evaluated using transfer learning on the ZD001 dataset. The best-performing models, ResNet101V2 and Xception, were then selected as the foundation for constructing the hybrid PatchNet–Attention model. The experimental results demonstrate that configurations incorporating the attention mechanism consistently achieve the highest performance across all evaluated datasets. Specifically, the hybrid PatchNet–Attention model attained superior outcomes on the ZD001 dataset, with an F1-score of 99.15% and a Receiver Operating Characteristic–Area Under the Curve (ROC–AUC) of 99.5% in the three-class setting, and an F1-score of 97.28% with a ROC–AUC of 99.74% in the nine-subclass configuration. In the TILDA data set, the proposed model produced an F1 score of 87.74% and an ROC-AUC of 98.09%, while in the FDD data set it achieved an F1 score of 98.95% and a ROC-AUC of 99.50%. The source code of the proposed method can be accessed from the Data Availability section.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 102231"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145579478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental and modeled response of hydraulic motors under pulsating flow 脉动流量下液压马达响应的实验与建模

IF 5.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102234

Osama A. Gaheen , M.A. Aziz , Ernesto Benini , Mostafa E.A. Elsayed , Mostafa R. Rashed , Haitham Elshimy

This study investigates the dynamic response and performance of a hydraulic motor operating under controlled pulsating flow conditions. An experimental setup was developed incorporating a variable frequency pulse generator within an electro-hydraulic control circuit. Tests were conducted at inlet pressures of 20, 40, and 60 bar and pulsation frequencies of 2, 4, and 6 Hz. The results revealed that increasing flow pulsation frequency from 0 to 6 Hz significantly enhanced motor performance. At 60 bar, the motor speed increased from 71 RPM at 2 Hz to 114 RPM at 6 Hz, while torque rose from 6.11 kNm to 7.07 kNm. Similarly, increasing inlet pressure from 20 to 60 bar at 6 Hz improved speed from 67 to 114 RPM and torque from 3.65 to 7.07 kNm. At lower operating conditions (20 bar and 2 Hz), speed and pressure decreased by 60.74 % and 15 %, respectively, confirming the high sensitivity of motor output to pulsation parameters. Simulation results using Automation Studio closely matched the experimental findings, particularly at moderate frequencies and pressures with less than 4 % error. The developed empirical correlations accurately predicted motor speed and torque, with maximum deviations of ±10.49 %. The results demonstrate that controlling pulsation frequency provides an effective means of optimizing hydraulic motor performance, enhancing energy efficiency, and enabling dynamic regulation of speed and torque.

研究了液压马达在可控脉动工况下的动态响应和性能。在电液控制回路中加入变频脉冲发生器，建立了实验装置。试验在进口压力为20、40和60 bar，脉动频率为2、4和6 Hz的情况下进行。结果表明，将流量脉动频率从0增加到6 Hz可显著提高电机性能。在60 bar时，电机转速从2hz时的71 RPM增加到6hz时的114 RPM，扭矩从6.11 kNm增加到7.07 kNm。同样，在6赫兹下，将进口压力从20 bar增加到60 bar，速度从67 RPM提高到114 RPM，扭矩从3.65 kn提高到7.07 kn。在较低的工作条件下（20 bar和2 Hz），速度和压力分别下降了60.74%和15%，证实了电机输出对脉动参数的高灵敏度。使用Automation Studio的仿真结果与实验结果非常吻合，特别是在中等频率和压力下，误差小于4%。所建立的经验相关性能准确预测电机转速和转矩，最大偏差为±10.49%。结果表明，控制脉动频率是优化液压马达性能、提高能效、实现转速和转矩动态调节的有效手段。

{"title":"Experimental and modeled response of hydraulic motors under pulsating flow","authors":"Osama A. Gaheen , M.A. Aziz , Ernesto Benini , Mostafa E.A. Elsayed , Mostafa R. Rashed , Haitham Elshimy","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the dynamic response and performance of a hydraulic motor operating under controlled pulsating flow conditions. An experimental setup was developed incorporating a variable frequency pulse generator within an electro-hydraulic control circuit. Tests were conducted at inlet pressures of 20, 40, and 60 bar and pulsation frequencies of 2, 4, and 6 Hz. The results revealed that increasing flow pulsation frequency from 0 to 6 Hz significantly enhanced motor performance. At 60 bar, the motor speed increased from 71 RPM at 2 Hz to 114 RPM at 6 Hz, while torque rose from 6.11 kNm to 7.07 kNm. Similarly, increasing inlet pressure from 20 to 60 bar at 6 Hz improved speed from 67 to 114 RPM and torque from 3.65 to 7.07 kNm. At lower operating conditions (20 bar and 2 Hz), speed and pressure decreased by 60.74 % and 15 %, respectively, confirming the high sensitivity of motor output to pulsation parameters. Simulation results using <em>Automation Studio</em> closely matched the experimental findings, particularly at moderate frequencies and pressures with less than 4 % error. The developed empirical correlations accurately predicted motor speed and torque, with maximum deviations of ±10.49 %. The results demonstrate that controlling pulsation frequency provides an effective means of optimizing hydraulic motor performance, enhancing energy efficiency, and enabling dynamic regulation of speed and torque.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 102234"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145579399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New ACCWOA algorithm based on the acceleration mechanism for solving engineering design problems and global optimization 基于加速机制的ACCWOA算法求解工程设计问题及全局优化

IF 5.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102202

Ahmed Noori Algburi, Isa Avci

The Accelerated Whale Algorithm (ACCWOA) is a new version of the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) that incorporates a velocity factor into the individuals. The WOA is a nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm widely applied to solve engineering problems, which uses shrinking and spiral insertion movements to exploit the solution, and random search to discover new solutions. This algorithm suffers from slow convergence in early iterations, a lack of fine-tuned local search, stagnation in local optima, a lack of mechanisms to maintain diversity, and a lack of historical learning. To address these limitations, this work proposes an acceleration technique that mimics the rapid movement of whales as they pursue their prey. Acceleration technology utilizes the velocity equation to achieve accelerated convergence, enhanced exploitation, improved diversity retention, dynamic behavior, increased scalability and stability, and emergent memory capabilities. The algorithm was evaluated on standard benchmarks, IEEE CEC-2014 and CEC-2017 suites, and five engineering design problems: spring, three-bar truss, pressure vessel, welded beam, and cantilever beam. Results show that ACCWOA achieves rapid convergence, accurate solutions, and competitive efficiency compared to state-of-the-art methods.

加速鲸鱼算法（ACCWOA）是鲸鱼优化算法（WOA）的新版本，它将速度因素纳入个体。WOA是一种受自然启发的元启发式算法，广泛应用于解决工程问题，它使用收缩和螺旋插入运动来挖掘解，并使用随机搜索来发现新的解。该算法在早期迭代中收敛缓慢，缺乏微调的局部搜索，局部最优停滞，缺乏保持多样性的机制，以及缺乏历史学习。为了解决这些限制，这项工作提出了一种加速技术，模仿鲸鱼在追捕猎物时的快速运动。加速技术利用速度方程来实现加速收敛、增强开发、改进多样性保留、动态行为、增强可扩展性和稳定性以及应急存储能力。该算法在标准基准、IEEE CEC-2014和CEC-2017套件以及弹簧、三杆桁架、压力容器、焊接梁和悬臂梁五个工程设计问题上进行了评估。结果表明，与最先进的方法相比，ACCWOA实现了快速收敛，准确的解决方案和具有竞争力的效率。

{"title":"New ACCWOA algorithm based on the acceleration mechanism for solving engineering design problems and global optimization","authors":"Ahmed Noori Algburi, Isa Avci","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Accelerated Whale Algorithm (ACCWOA) is a new version of the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) that incorporates a velocity factor into the individuals. The WOA is a nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm widely applied to solve engineering problems, which uses shrinking and spiral insertion movements to exploit the solution, and random search to discover new solutions. This algorithm suffers from slow convergence in early iterations, a lack of fine-tuned local search, stagnation in local optima, a lack of mechanisms to maintain diversity, and a lack of historical learning. To address these limitations, this work proposes an acceleration technique that mimics the rapid movement of whales as they pursue their prey. Acceleration technology utilizes the velocity equation to achieve accelerated convergence, enhanced exploitation, improved diversity retention, dynamic behavior, increased scalability and stability, and emergent memory capabilities. The algorithm was evaluated on standard benchmarks, IEEE CEC-2014 and CEC-2017 suites, and five engineering design problems: spring, three-bar truss, pressure vessel, welded beam, and cantilever beam. Results show that ACCWOA achieves rapid convergence, accurate solutions, and competitive efficiency compared to state-of-the-art methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 102202"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145579475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical and experimental investigation of the seismic behavior of rigid steel beam-to-hollow circular column connections using a steel box 钢箱梁-空心圆柱连接抗震性能的数值与试验研究

IF 5.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102233

Abdulrahman Kamil Aakool AL-Hureshat , Mehrzad TahamouliRoudsari , AllahReza Moradi Garoosi , Mohsen Oghabi

Rigid beam-to-circular steel column connections have always attracted the attention of researchers and design codes due to their geometric complexity and construction challenges. In this study, the use of a steel box at the connection region is proposed for joining I-shaped sections to hollow circular columns. This method offers advantages such as simplified detailing and eliminates the need for continuity plates or doubler plates. The initial design of the experimental specimens was performed numerically, and then three specimens exhibiting superior performance were selected for experimental investigation. The experimental studies examined the effect of the configuration of column-to-box and beam-to-box stiffeners on their seismic performance. Subsequently, further numerical studies were conducted on the experimentally superior specimen. After validating the numerical model, the effect of the steel box thickness on the connection with various beam and column sections was evaluated. The aim of this part was to determine the minimum required thickness for the steel box, beyond which further increases would not affect the results. Additionally, the rigidity of the connection was also investigated. The experimental results indicated that the model with internal box stiffeners aligned with the beam flanges provided the highest strength, ductility, and elastic stiffness. Parametric analyses indicated that rigid behavior and full beam capacity can be ensured when the steel box thickness is at least 1.4 times the beam flange thickness.

钢梁与圆钢柱的刚性连接由于其几何复杂性和施工难度，一直受到研究人员和设计规范的关注。在本研究中，建议在连接区域使用钢箱将工字截面连接到空心圆形柱。这种方法的优点是简化了细节，并且不需要连续版或加倍版。通过数值方法对试验试件进行初步设计，选取性能较好的3个试件进行试验研究。试验研究考察了柱对箱和梁对箱加强筋结构对其抗震性能的影响。随后，对实验上较优的试样进行了进一步的数值研究。在验证了数值模型的基础上，评估了钢箱厚度对不同梁柱截面连接的影响。这部分的目的是确定钢盒所需的最小厚度，超过该厚度的进一步增加不会影响结果。此外，还对连接的刚度进行了研究。试验结果表明，内箱型加劲筋与梁缘对齐的模型具有最高的强度、延性和弹性刚度。参数分析表明，当钢箱厚度至少为梁翼缘厚度的1.4倍时，可以保证梁的刚性性能和全梁承载力。

{"title":"Numerical and experimental investigation of the seismic behavior of rigid steel beam-to-hollow circular column connections using a steel box","authors":"Abdulrahman Kamil Aakool AL-Hureshat , Mehrzad TahamouliRoudsari , AllahReza Moradi Garoosi , Mohsen Oghabi","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rigid beam-to-circular steel column connections have always attracted the attention of researchers and design codes due to their geometric complexity and construction challenges. In this study, the use of a steel box at the connection region is proposed for joining I-shaped sections to hollow circular columns. This method offers advantages such as simplified detailing and eliminates the need for continuity plates or doubler plates. The initial design of the experimental specimens was performed numerically, and then three specimens exhibiting superior performance were selected for experimental investigation. The experimental studies examined the effect of the configuration of column-to-box and beam-to-box stiffeners on their seismic performance. Subsequently, further numerical studies were conducted on the experimentally superior specimen. After validating the numerical model, the effect of the steel box thickness on the connection with various beam and column sections was evaluated. The aim of this part was to determine the minimum required thickness for the steel box, beyond which further increases would not affect the results. Additionally, the rigidity of the connection was also investigated. The experimental results indicated that the model with internal box stiffeners aligned with the beam flanges provided the highest strength, ductility, and elastic stiffness. Parametric analyses indicated that rigid behavior and full beam capacity can be ensured when the steel box thickness is at least 1.4 times the beam flange thickness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 102233"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145529275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A secure multi-hop routing algorithm based-on fuzzy logic for IoT communication 物联网通信中一种基于模糊逻辑的安全多跳路由算法

IF 5.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102208

Tao Fu, Guoxin Han, Xuming Qin, Jinfang Li, Weiting Lin

The fast growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) into mission-critical applications requires secure and efficient routing protocols. Nevertheless, the resource limitations of IoT devices and their susceptibility to attacks require smart, dynamic solutions. To overcome these challenges, this paper introduces a new, safe, multi-hop routing algorithm that combines the use of fuzzy logic and reinforcement learning. We initially build a high-performance communication backbone over a Connected Dominating Set (CDS) to reduce network overhead. A fuzzy inference system then intelligently considers the possible paths using path energy, distance, and node credibility to choose the best path to transmit the data. A Q-learning model is used to dynamically evaluate the reliability of each node to provide security, and to identify and isolate malicious actors. Our algorithm is shown to be better in experimental results, with the ability to increase the ratio of packet delivery by up to 2.4 percent and at the same time lower the average energy consumption by about 6.53 percent of the current state-of-the-art protocols. These results demonstrate that our hybrid solution has a great potential to improve the reliability and safety of data routing in contemporary IoT networks.

物联网（IoT）向关键任务应用的快速发展需要安全高效的路由协议。然而，物联网设备的资源限制及其对攻击的易感性需要智能、动态的解决方案。为了克服这些挑战，本文引入了一种新的、安全的、多跳路由算法，该算法结合了模糊逻辑和强化学习的使用。我们首先在连接支配集（CDS）上构建高性能通信骨干，以减少网络开销。然后，模糊推理系统利用路径能量、距离和节点可信度来智能地考虑可能的路径，选择最佳路径来传输数据。使用q学习模型动态评估每个节点的可靠性以提供安全性，并识别和隔离恶意行为者。实验结果表明，我们的算法具有更好的性能，能够将分组传送率提高2.4%，同时将平均能耗降低约6.53%。这些结果表明，我们的混合解决方案在提高当代物联网网络中数据路由的可靠性和安全性方面具有巨大的潜力。

{"title":"A secure multi-hop routing algorithm based-on fuzzy logic for IoT communication","authors":"Tao Fu, Guoxin Han, Xuming Qin, Jinfang Li, Weiting Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fast growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) into mission-critical applications requires secure and efficient routing protocols. Nevertheless, the resource limitations of IoT devices and their susceptibility to attacks require smart, dynamic solutions. To overcome these challenges, this paper introduces a new, safe, multi-hop routing algorithm that combines the use of fuzzy logic and reinforcement learning. We initially build a high-performance communication backbone over a Connected Dominating Set (CDS) to reduce network overhead. A fuzzy inference system then intelligently considers the possible paths using path energy, distance, and node credibility to choose the best path to transmit the data. A Q-learning model is used to dynamically evaluate the reliability of each node to provide security, and to identify and isolate malicious actors. Our algorithm is shown to be better in experimental results, with the ability to increase the ratio of packet delivery by up to 2.4 percent and at the same time lower the average energy consumption by about 6.53 percent of the current state-of-the-art protocols. These results demonstrate that our hybrid solution has a great potential to improve the reliability and safety of data routing in contemporary IoT networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 102208"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145529276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative analysis of autoencoder architectures for breast cancer detection using dynamic infrared thermography 动态红外热像仪检测乳腺癌的自编码器结构比较分析

IF 5.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102225

Burcu Acar Demirci , Mehmet Engin , Erkan Zeki Engin

Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. Early detection substantially improves treatment outcomes, especially when lesions are small and localized. Although conventional imaging modalities such as mammography, CT, MRI, and ultrasonography play a vital role in diagnosis, they often entail radiation exposure, high cost, and the use of contrast agents. These drawbacks have motivated increasing interest in non-invasive and cost-effective alternatives such as Infrared Thermal Imaging (ITI), which captures surface temperature variations that may indicate malignancy. This study proposes a novel ITI-based diagnostic framework integrating deep learning-driven feature extraction with conventional machine learning classifiers. Three autoencoder architectures—Vanilla Autoencoder (VanAE), Convolutional Autoencoder (CAE), and Variational Autoencoder (VAE)—were utilized to extract discriminative latent features from dynamic breast thermograms. The extracted features were subsequently classified using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) algorithms. Experimental evaluation on a balanced DMR-IR dynamic dataset comprising 3,600 thermograms demonstrated that the CAE-SVM combination achieved the highest performance, reaching 92.28% accuracy, 89.11% sensitivity, 95.94% specificity, and a 92.26% F1-score. In addition to its superior classification performance, the CAE model exhibited the shortest training time, underscoring its potential for practical clinical implementation. Overall, the findings confirm the effectiveness of autoencoder-based architectures in learning meaningful representations directly from raw thermograms without relying on handcrafted or pre-trained features.

乳腺癌是全世界女性中诊断最多的癌症。早期发现可以显著改善治疗效果，特别是当病变很小且局部时。虽然传统的成像方式，如乳房x光检查、CT、MRI和超声检查在诊断中起着至关重要的作用，但它们通常需要辐射暴露、高成本和使用造影剂。这些缺点激发了人们对非侵入性和成本效益替代方案的兴趣，例如红外热成像（ITI），它可以捕获可能指示恶性肿瘤的表面温度变化。本研究提出了一种新的基于it的诊断框架，将深度学习驱动的特征提取与传统的机器学习分类器相结合。三种自编码器架构——香草自编码器（VanAE）、卷积自编码器（CAE）和变分自编码器（VAE）——被用于从动态乳房热像图中提取判别潜在特征。随后使用支持向量机（SVM）和随机森林（RF）算法对提取的特征进行分类。在包含3600张热图的平衡DMR-IR动态数据集上的实验评估表明，CAE-SVM组合达到了最高的性能，准确率为92.28%，灵敏度为89.11%，特异性为95.94%，f1评分为92.26%。除了其优越的分类性能外，CAE模型还具有最短的训练时间，强调了其在实际临床应用中的潜力。总的来说，研究结果证实了基于自动编码器的架构在直接从原始热图中学习有意义的表示方面的有效性，而不依赖于手工制作或预训练的特征。

{"title":"Comparative analysis of autoencoder architectures for breast cancer detection using dynamic infrared thermography","authors":"Burcu Acar Demirci , Mehmet Engin , Erkan Zeki Engin","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. Early detection substantially improves treatment outcomes, especially when lesions are small and localized. Although conventional imaging modalities such as mammography, CT, MRI, and ultrasonography play a vital role in diagnosis, they often entail radiation exposure, high cost, and the use of contrast agents. These drawbacks have motivated increasing interest in non-invasive and cost-effective alternatives such as Infrared Thermal Imaging (ITI), which captures surface temperature variations that may indicate malignancy. This study proposes a novel ITI-based diagnostic framework integrating deep learning-driven feature extraction with conventional machine learning classifiers. Three autoencoder architectures—Vanilla Autoencoder (VanAE), Convolutional Autoencoder (CAE), and Variational Autoencoder (VAE)—were utilized to extract discriminative latent features from dynamic breast thermograms. The extracted features were subsequently classified using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) algorithms. Experimental evaluation on a balanced DMR-IR dynamic dataset comprising 3,600 thermograms demonstrated that the CAE-SVM combination achieved the highest performance, reaching 92.28% accuracy, 89.11% sensitivity, 95.94% specificity, and a 92.26% F1-score. In addition to its superior classification performance, the CAE model exhibited the shortest training time, underscoring its potential for practical clinical implementation. Overall, the findings confirm the effectiveness of autoencoder-based architectures in learning meaningful representations directly from raw thermograms without relying on handcrafted or pre-trained features.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 102225"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145529360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Computational and experimental investigation of lower-surface dimple effects on NACA 0015 airfoil aerodynamics 下表面凹陷效应对NACA 0015翼型气动性能的计算与实验研究

IF 5.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102228

Touhid Ahmed Orvi , Ismail Hossain , Mumit Hassan

Aerodynamic efficiency is fundamentally limited by flow separation at moderate angles of attack, where boundary layer detachment precipitates lift degradation and drag augmentation. In response to growing energy imperatives, this investigation advances passive flow control methodologies through systematic analysis of surface-modified symmetrical airfoils. This study examines a modified NACA 0015 airfoil incorporating indentations at five discrete chordwise positions along the lower surface. Through ANSYS CFD simulations employing the k-ω SST turbulence model, this work systematically evaluates aerodynamic performance variations of lower surface dimple modified airfoil across multiple angles of attack and chordwise locations. Results reveal that strategically positioned dimples profoundly influence aerodynamic efficiency, with 70 % chord position yielding 13.5 % greater lift-to-drag ratio at 7° AoA. While trailing-edge dimples (90 % chord) improve high-angle performance (7.25 % L/D increase at 10° AoA), this benefit is offset by 16.86 % degradation at 4° AoA. The optimal lift-to-drag ratio for 70 % chord length at 7° AoA is attributed to delayed flow separation, corroborated by static pressure contour analysis. Experimental validation via wind tunnel testing at 3 m/s further substantiates these computational finding. This study contributes to the rather underexplored arena of the lower surface modified dimples providing systematic evidence that these modifications can concurrently enhance lift and mitigate drag. The findings consolidate dimple engineering as a viable zero-energy solution for separation control.

在中等迎角下，气流分离从根本上限制了气动效率，边界层脱离会导致升力下降和阻力增加。为了应对日益增长的能源需求，本研究通过对表面修饰对称翼型的系统分析，推进了被动流动控制方法。本研究考察了一个修改的NACA 0015翼型合并在五个离散的沿下表面的弦向位置压痕。本文采用k-ω SST湍流模型，通过ANSYS CFD模拟，系统评估了下表面凹陷型翼型在不同迎角和弦向位置上的气动性能变化。结果表明，在7°AoA时，70%的弦位可使升阻比提高13.5%。虽然后缘凹窝（90%弦）提高了大角度性能（在10°AoA时L/D增加7.25%），但在4°AoA时，这种好处被16.86%的下降所抵消。在7°AoA处，70%弦长时的最佳升阻比归因于延迟流动分离，静压轮廓分析证实了这一点。以3米/秒速度进行的风洞试验验证进一步证实了这些计算结果。这项研究为较低表面修饰的凹陷提供了系统的证据，证明这些修饰可以同时增强升力和减轻阻力。这些发现巩固了韧窝工程作为一种可行的零能量分离控制解决方案。

{"title":"Computational and experimental investigation of lower-surface dimple effects on NACA 0015 airfoil aerodynamics","authors":"Touhid Ahmed Orvi , Ismail Hossain , Mumit Hassan","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aerodynamic efficiency is fundamentally limited by flow separation at moderate angles of attack, where boundary layer detachment precipitates lift degradation and drag augmentation. In response to growing energy imperatives, this investigation advances passive flow control methodologies through systematic analysis of surface-modified symmetrical airfoils. This study examines a modified NACA 0015 airfoil incorporating indentations at five discrete chordwise positions along the lower surface. Through ANSYS CFD simulations employing the k-ω SST turbulence model, this work systematically evaluates aerodynamic performance variations of lower surface dimple modified airfoil across multiple angles of attack and chordwise locations. Results reveal that strategically positioned dimples profoundly influence aerodynamic efficiency, with 70 % chord position yielding 13.5 % greater lift-to-drag ratio at 7° AoA. While trailing-edge dimples (90 % chord) improve high-angle performance (7.25 % L/D increase at 10° AoA), this benefit is offset by 16.86 % degradation at 4° AoA. The optimal lift-to-drag ratio for 70 % chord length at 7° AoA is attributed to delayed flow separation, corroborated by static pressure contour analysis. Experimental validation via wind tunnel testing at 3 m/s further substantiates these computational finding. This study contributes to the rather underexplored arena of the lower surface modified dimples providing systematic evidence that these modifications can concurrently enhance lift and mitigate drag. The findings consolidate dimple engineering as a viable zero-energy solution for separation control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 102228"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145529361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Switching oscillation-based fractional-domain high-sensitive diagnosis of machine turn insulation degradation 基于开关振荡的电机匝绝缘退化分数域高灵敏度诊断

IF 5.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102224

Muhammad Usman Sardar, Toomas Vaimann, Lauri Kütt, Bilal Asad, Ants Kallaste

Stator turn insulation degradation is a significant cause of failure in electric machines fed by high-frequency switching power electronic devices, making early-stage detection challenging due to weak fault characteristic signatures. This paper presents a novel non-invasive monitoring framework that integrates a proposed low-to-high-frequency parametric grey-box model (GBM) of the motor with advanced signal processing techniques. Key electrical parameters of the motor are extracted using optimal fitting with impedance spectroscopy, which represent frequency-dependent behaviors influenced by insulation degradation. To enhance detection sensitivity, the method employs an optimized fractional Fourier transform at the optimal order, coupled with a customized resonance-centred Mel filter bank (FRFT-RMFB). Experimental results on a 0.75 kW induction motor with controlled insulation degradation, implemented by parallel capacitive loading, show a higher improvement in early-stage fault sensitivity. The proposed FRFT‑RMFB method enhances the sensitivity of turn insulation state estimation by nearly sevenfold compared with the conventional Fourier transform approach. The proposed framework is lightweight, generalized, and well-suited for real-time predictive maintenance, effectively minimizing false alarms in safety–critical applications such as industrial drives, electric vehicles, and high-speed rail systems. This work contributes to a new direction in frequency-domain diagnostics, combining accurate parametric modeling with high-resolution spectral feature extraction for early detection of insulation faults.

定子匝绝缘退化是由高频开关电力电子器件供电的电机故障的重要原因，由于故障特征特征较弱，使得早期检测具有挑战性。本文提出了一种新的无创监测框架，该框架将电机的低高频参数灰盒模型（GBM）与先进的信号处理技术相结合。通过阻抗谱优化拟合提取电机的关键电气参数，这些参数代表了受绝缘退化影响的频率依赖行为。为了提高检测灵敏度，该方法采用最优阶的优化分数傅里叶变换，再加上定制的以共振为中心的Mel滤波器组（FRFT-RMFB）。实验结果表明，采用电容并联负载控制绝缘退化的0.75 kW异步电动机的早期故障灵敏度有较高的提高。与传统的傅里叶变换方法相比，提出的FRFT - RMFB方法将匝绝缘状态估计的灵敏度提高了近7倍。所提出的框架是轻量级的、通用的，非常适合实时预测性维护，有效地减少了工业驱动、电动汽车和高速铁路系统等安全关键应用中的误报。该工作将精确的参数建模与高分辨率的频谱特征提取相结合，为早期检测绝缘故障开辟了频域诊断的新方向。

{"title":"Switching oscillation-based fractional-domain high-sensitive diagnosis of machine turn insulation degradation","authors":"Muhammad Usman Sardar, Toomas Vaimann, Lauri Kütt, Bilal Asad, Ants Kallaste","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stator turn insulation degradation is a significant cause of failure in electric machines fed by high-frequency switching power electronic devices, making early-stage detection challenging due to weak fault characteristic signatures. This paper presents a novel non-invasive monitoring framework that integrates a proposed low-to-high-frequency parametric grey-box model (GBM) of the motor with advanced signal processing techniques. Key electrical parameters of the motor are extracted using optimal fitting with impedance spectroscopy, which represent frequency-dependent behaviors influenced by insulation degradation. To enhance detection sensitivity, the method employs an optimized fractional Fourier transform at the optimal order, coupled with a customized resonance-centred Mel filter bank (FRFT-RMFB). Experimental results on a 0.75 kW induction motor with controlled insulation degradation, implemented by parallel capacitive loading, show a higher improvement in early-stage fault sensitivity. The proposed FRFT‑RMFB method enhances the sensitivity of turn insulation state estimation by nearly sevenfold compared with the conventional Fourier transform approach. The proposed framework is lightweight, generalized, and well-suited for real-time predictive maintenance, effectively minimizing false alarms in safety–critical applications such as industrial drives, electric vehicles, and high-speed rail systems. This work contributes to a new direction in frequency-domain diagnostics, combining accurate parametric modeling with high-resolution spectral feature extraction for early detection of insulation faults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 102224"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145529362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Coordinated dual-mode inverter control with NF–ROCOF-based islanding detection for enhanced power quality and seamless transition in DC–AC hybrid microgrids 基于nf - rocof孤岛检测的协调双模逆变器控制，以提高直流-交流混合微电网的电能质量和无缝过渡

IF 5.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech

Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102229

Buddhadeva Sahoo , Mohit Bajaj , Vojtech Blazek , Lukas Prokop

This article describes a unified DC-AC microgrid system based on photovoltaic PV batteries that offers coordinated parallel inverter operation in both grid-following and autonomous modes of operation. The developed system is intended to transition seamlessly between these operating modes to create the required enhancement in power quality PQ, reactive power support, utility needs, and local load demand. A dual-controller strategy is employed to allow realization of these features. In the grid-following mode, dual-tree complex wavelet transform (2TCWT) is coupled with DC-link voltage regulation and maximum power-based current control for properly executing real and reactive power operation. A synchronous reference frame SRF-based voltage control scheme is utilized to guarantee steady operation and voltage regulation among parallel inverters in the autonomous mode. On the other hand, to ensure the gridded performance and reliable operation, a hybrid islanding detection (HID) method is applied. The system combines a robust notch filter (NF) and a rate of change of frequency (ROCOF)-based phase-locked loop PLL which have good performance in grid monitoring, fast disturbance recognition, and resynchronization. The proposed HID method is in accordance with IEEE 2030.7 standards, thereby ensuring compliance with practical implementation requirements. The performance of the proposed unified microgrid architecture is validated by performing detailed simulation studies and experimental evaluation on the PV battery in a lab-scale prototype. Various operating scenarios, including grid-connected, islanded, and transition conditions were tested to prove the robustness of the design. The results confirm that coordinated parallel inverter operation improves power quality and reactive power support while guaranteeing seamless resynchronization and reliable autonomous operation. The extensive software-hardware validation reinforces the proof of concept and demonstrates the ready applicability of the DC-AC unified microgrid system toward future resilient energy networks.

本文描述了一种基于光伏电池的统一直流-交流微电网系统，该系统在电网跟随和自主运行模式下提供协调并联逆变器运行。开发的系统旨在在这些运行模式之间无缝转换，以创建所需的电能质量PQ、无功支持、公用事业需求和本地负载需求的增强。采用双控制器策略来实现这些特性。在电网跟随模式下，将双树复小波变换（2TCWT）与直流链路电压调节和基于最大功率的电流控制相结合，实现了系统的实功和无功运行。采用同步参考系srf电压控制方案，保证并联逆变器在自主模式下的稳定运行和电压调节。另一方面，为了保证网格性能和可靠运行，采用了混合孤岛检测（HID）方法。该系统结合了鲁棒陷波滤波器（NF）和基于频率变化率（ROCOF）的锁相环锁相环，具有良好的电网监测、快速干扰识别和再同步性能。提出的HID方法符合IEEE 2030.7标准，确保符合实际实施要求。通过在实验室规模的原型光伏电池上进行详细的仿真研究和实验评估，验证了所提出的统一微电网架构的性能。测试了各种操作场景，包括并网、孤岛和过渡条件，以证明设计的鲁棒性。结果表明，并联逆变器协调运行在保证无功再同步和可靠自主运行的同时，提高了电能质量和无功支持。广泛的软硬件验证加强了概念的验证，并证明了DC-AC统一微电网系统对未来弹性能源网络的适用性。

{"title":"Coordinated dual-mode inverter control with NF–ROCOF-based islanding detection for enhanced power quality and seamless transition in DC–AC hybrid microgrids","authors":"Buddhadeva Sahoo , Mohit Bajaj , Vojtech Blazek , Lukas Prokop","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article describes a unified DC-AC microgrid system based on photovoltaic PV batteries that offers coordinated parallel inverter operation in both grid-following and autonomous modes of operation. The developed system is intended to transition seamlessly between these operating modes to create the required enhancement in power quality PQ, reactive power support, utility needs, and local load demand. A dual-controller strategy is employed to allow realization of these features. In the grid-following mode, dual-tree complex wavelet transform (2TCWT) is coupled with DC-link voltage regulation and maximum power-based current control for properly executing real and reactive power operation. A synchronous reference frame SRF-based voltage control scheme is utilized to guarantee steady operation and voltage regulation among parallel inverters in the autonomous mode. On the other hand, to ensure the gridded performance and reliable operation, a hybrid islanding detection (HID) method is applied. The system combines a robust notch filter (NF) and a rate of change of frequency (ROCOF)-based phase-locked loop PLL which have good performance in grid monitoring, fast disturbance recognition, and resynchronization. The proposed HID method is in accordance with IEEE 2030.7 standards, thereby ensuring compliance with practical implementation requirements. The performance of the proposed unified microgrid architecture is validated by performing detailed simulation studies and experimental evaluation on the PV battery in a lab-scale prototype. Various operating scenarios, including grid-connected, islanded, and transition conditions were tested to prove the robustness of the design. The results confirm that coordinated parallel inverter operation improves power quality and reactive power support while guaranteeing seamless resynchronization and reliable autonomous operation. The extensive software-hardware validation reinforces the proof of concept and demonstrates the ready applicability of the DC-AC unified microgrid system toward future resilient energy networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 102229"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145475333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dipping microcapillary-based droplet fabrication: Multiscale and structurally diverse droplets with programmable real-time size control 浸渍微毛细管液滴制造：多尺度和结构多样的液滴与可编程的实时尺寸控制

IF 5.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102223

Dong Min Ji , Armando Ramos-Sebastian , Yung-Taek Ouh , Changho Yu , Sung Hoon Kim

This study presents an innovative “off-chip” droplet manufacturing system, which operates through hydrodynamic interactions between an adjustable flow from a microcapillary and its periodic immersion into a continuous phase. This method circumvents the limitations of conventional microfluidic chips, which are costly and complex to produce, and suffer from restricted control over droplet size. The novel system facilitates the instantaneous alteration of droplet diameters, ranging from approximately one centimeter to several tens of micrometers (77 µm). It employs a slowly rotating continuous phase to prevent droplet agglomeration and precisely manage their sedimentation location. A theoretical model is proposed, linking the radius of the produced droplets to the flow rate of the dispersed phase and the dipping frequency of the microcapillary. This model has been corroborated through computational simulations and empirical experiments. Furthermore, the system has demonstrated proficiency in producing Janus-type and multi-emulsion droplets by simply modifying the geometry of the microcapillary. The absence of microchannel confinement enables the arrangement of droplets into intricate structures, showcasing the system’s unique capacity to utilize both dispersed and continuous phases for creating functional materials with complex multidimensional droplets.

本研究提出了一种创新的“片外”液滴制造系统，该系统通过微毛细管的可调节流量与其周期性浸入到连续相之间的流体动力学相互作用来工作。这种方法绕过了传统微流控芯片的局限性，传统微流控芯片生产成本高、复杂，而且对液滴大小的控制有限。该新型系统有助于液滴直径的瞬时改变，范围从大约一厘米到几十微米（77 µm）。它采用了一个缓慢旋转的连续相，以防止液滴团聚，并精确地管理他们的沉降位置。提出了一个理论模型，将液滴的半径与分散相的流速和微毛细管的倾斜频率联系起来。通过计算模拟和实验验证了该模型的正确性。此外，该系统已经证明了通过简单地修改微毛细管的几何形状来生产双面型和多乳液液滴的能力。由于没有微通道限制，使得液滴能够排列成复杂的结构，展示了该系统利用分散相和连续相来创建具有复杂多维液滴的功能材料的独特能力。

{"title":"Dipping microcapillary-based droplet fabrication: Multiscale and structurally diverse droplets with programmable real-time size control","authors":"Dong Min Ji , Armando Ramos-Sebastian , Yung-Taek Ouh , Changho Yu , Sung Hoon Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2025.102223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an innovative “off-chip” droplet manufacturing system, which operates through hydrodynamic interactions between an adjustable flow from a microcapillary and its periodic immersion into a continuous phase. This method circumvents the limitations of conventional microfluidic chips, which are costly and complex to produce, and suffer from restricted control over droplet size. The novel system facilitates the instantaneous alteration of droplet diameters, ranging from approximately one centimeter to several tens of micrometers (77 µm). It employs a slowly rotating continuous phase to prevent droplet agglomeration and precisely manage their sedimentation location. A theoretical model is proposed, linking the radius of the produced droplets to the flow rate of the dispersed phase and the dipping frequency of the microcapillary. This model has been corroborated through computational simulations and empirical experiments. Furthermore, the system has demonstrated proficiency in producing Janus-type and multi-emulsion droplets by simply modifying the geometry of the microcapillary. The absence of microchannel confinement enables the arrangement of droplets into intricate structures, showcasing the system’s unique capacity to utilize both dispersed and continuous phases for creating functional materials with complex multidimensional droplets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 102223"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145475331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0