Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101855
Nabeel Khalid, Muhammad Sarwar Ehsan
Parkinson’s disease, the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in the world. A progressive disease, which can worsen over time and lead to complications like mild cognitive impairments and dementia. The accurate diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) remains a critical challenge in medical engineering. This study explores the potential of brain wave patterns for PD detection in healthy and unhealthy patients. The Power Spectral Density (PSD) and proposed PD detection model based on the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) is used to analyze brain activities. It was found that the detection of PD in patients was improved by classifying the RAW EEG in conjunction with the sub-bands using PSD as a feature and GRU as a classifier. The performance matrices including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score fall within a range of 90% to 98% for alpha, beta, and gamma sub-bands, while the area under the curve in the case of receiver operating characteristics curve achieved the maximum value of 1.00. To assess the differences between the groups with Parkinson’s disease and the healthy group, a statistical significance test was performed. The power spectral density of the two groups differed statistically significantly, according to the results, indicating that they could be useful as biomarkers for the identification of Parkinson’s disease. The results are compared and validated with the standard performance measures.
帕金森病是世界上第二常见的神经退行性疾病。帕金森病是一种渐进性疾病，会随着时间的推移而恶化，并导致轻度认知障碍和痴呆等并发症。帕金森病（PD）的准确诊断仍然是医学工程中的一项重大挑战。本研究探讨了脑电波模式在健康和不健康患者帕金森病检测中的潜力。功率谱密度（PSD）和基于门控循环单元（GRU）的帕金森病检测模型被用于分析大脑活动。研究发现，以 PSD 为特征，以 GRU 为分类器，结合子波段对 RAW EEG 进行分类，可提高患者 PD 的检测率。α、β和γ子波段的准确度、精确度、召回率和F1分数等性能矩阵在90%至98%之间，而接收者操作特征曲线的曲线下面积达到了最大值1.00。为评估帕金森病组与健康组之间的差异，进行了统计学显著性检验。结果显示，两组的功率谱密度在统计学上存在显著差异，表明它们可作为识别帕金森病的生物标志物。研究结果与标准性能指标进行了比较和验证。
{"title":"Critical analysis of Parkinson’s disease detection using EEG sub-bands and gated recurrent unit","authors":"Nabeel Khalid, Muhammad Sarwar Ehsan","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parkinson’s disease, the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in the world. A progressive disease, which can worsen over time and lead to complications like mild cognitive impairments and dementia. The accurate diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) remains a critical challenge in medical engineering. This study explores the potential of brain wave patterns for PD detection in healthy and unhealthy patients. The Power Spectral Density (PSD) and proposed PD detection model based on the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) is used to analyze brain activities. It was found that the detection of PD in patients was improved by classifying the RAW EEG in conjunction with the sub-bands using PSD as a feature and GRU as a classifier. The performance matrices including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score fall within a range of 90% to 98% for alpha, beta, and gamma sub-bands, while the area under the curve in the case of receiver operating characteristics curve achieved the maximum value of 1.00. To assess the differences between the groups with Parkinson’s disease and the healthy group, a statistical significance test was performed. The power spectral density of the two groups differed statistically significantly, according to the results, indicating that they could be useful as biomarkers for the identification of Parkinson’s disease. The results are compared and validated with the standard performance measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101855"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101853
Xiaofang Zhao , Muhammad Nasir , Mawaheb Al-Dossari , M. Ashiq , M. Salman Kausar , M. Waqas , Sherzod Abdullaev
Recuperating heat transference effectiveness can be carried out effectively by escalating the thermal characteristics of working liquids. One realistic solution is the utilization of nanoliquids (liquids that comprise suspended nano-particles). These state-of-the-art liquids have the aptitude to function as a coolant (either as primary or emergency) in nuclear reactors, potentially enlarging overall thermal management. This investigation accounts cross diffusion impact in porous medium based chemically reacting viscoplastic nanoliquid confined by convectively heated magnetized impermeable rotating cone. Thermal transport characteristics are addressed by considering diffusion-thermo (Dufour), thermal generation, thermal-convective conditions and radiation. Concentration expression includes chemical reaction, thermal-diffusion (Soret) and solutal-convective conditions. The complicated nonlinear constitutive expressions, exhibited in their dimensional mathematical form are remodeled into highly nonlinear ODEs (ordinary differential expressions) by deploying apposite similarity variables. The dimensionless profiles are numerically computed utilizing bvp4c scheme and then elucidated arithmetically and graphically. Finally, it is scrutinized that nanoparticles concentration diminishes subject to escalating estimations of Lewis number, thermophoresis and chemical reaction variables while opposite characteristics are reported for increasing Brownian diffusive variables, solutal Biot and Soret numbers.
{"title":"Chemically reactive magnetized flow of viscoplastic nanofluid through a vertical cone considering non-Darcy porous media","authors":"Xiaofang Zhao , Muhammad Nasir , Mawaheb Al-Dossari , M. Ashiq , M. Salman Kausar , M. Waqas , Sherzod Abdullaev","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recuperating heat transference effectiveness can be carried out effectively by escalating the thermal characteristics of working liquids. One realistic solution is the utilization of nanoliquids (liquids that comprise suspended nano-particles). These state-of-the-art liquids have the aptitude to function as a coolant (either as primary or emergency) in nuclear reactors, potentially enlarging overall thermal management. This investigation accounts cross diffusion impact in porous medium based chemically reacting viscoplastic nanoliquid confined by convectively heated magnetized impermeable rotating cone. Thermal transport characteristics are addressed by considering diffusion-thermo (Dufour), thermal generation, thermal-convective conditions and radiation. Concentration expression includes chemical reaction, thermal-diffusion (Soret) and solutal-convective conditions. The complicated nonlinear constitutive expressions, exhibited in their dimensional mathematical form are remodeled into highly nonlinear ODEs (ordinary differential expressions) by deploying apposite similarity variables. The dimensionless profiles are numerically computed utilizing bvp4c scheme and then elucidated arithmetically and graphically. Finally, it is scrutinized that nanoparticles concentration diminishes subject to escalating estimations of Lewis number, thermophoresis and chemical reaction variables while opposite characteristics are reported for increasing Brownian diffusive variables, solutal Biot and Soret numbers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101853"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101871
Tao Liu, Yaoji Deng, Keyu Lu, Hui Shen, Junjie Gong, Hong Li
Non-pneumatic tires have the advantages of high safety and high load-carrying capacity, and have a broad potential for engineering applications. In this paper, the effects of different gradient angles on the static and dynamic performance of honeycomb spoke structure are studied. First of all, according to different gradient and gradient-free Non-Pneumatic Tires (NPTs) are designed and the corresponding finite element models of non-pneumatic tires are established respectively. Then, the static mechanical properties of NPTs are analyzed, including the bearing capacity of NPTs and the stress distribution of NPT components. Finally, the dynamic mechanical properties of gradient-free and gradient NPTs are simulated. The stress characteristics and rolling characteristics of the gradient to the key components of NPTs under dynamic load are analyzed. The results show that different gradients have effects on the radial stiffness of the tire, the maximum stress distribution position of spokes, tire rolling characteristics, and the stress characteristics of other parts of NPTs. The research results provide guidance for the structure design and optimization of non-pneumatic tires.
{"title":"Mechanical properties analysis of non-pneumatic tire with gradient honeycomb structure","authors":"Tao Liu, Yaoji Deng, Keyu Lu, Hui Shen, Junjie Gong, Hong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-pneumatic tires have the advantages of high safety and high load-carrying capacity, and have a broad potential for engineering applications. In this paper, the effects of different gradient angles on the static and dynamic performance of honeycomb spoke structure are studied. First of all, according to different gradient and gradient-free Non-Pneumatic Tires (NPTs) are designed and the corresponding finite element models of non-pneumatic tires are established respectively. Then, the static mechanical properties of NPTs are analyzed, including the bearing capacity of NPTs and the stress distribution of NPT components. Finally, the dynamic mechanical properties of gradient-free and gradient NPTs are simulated. The stress characteristics and rolling characteristics of the gradient to the key components of NPTs under dynamic load are analyzed. The results show that different gradients have effects on the radial stiffness of the tire, the maximum stress distribution position of spokes, tire rolling characteristics, and the stress characteristics of other parts of NPTs. The research results provide guidance for the structure design and optimization of non-pneumatic tires.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101871"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, natural resource monitoring represents an actual and challenging research topic in the context of the new climate neutrality strategies. In this paper, we design a composite index for assessing natural resources such as lands that can sustain vegetation. We also implement a cloud computing solution based on the microservice architecture that allows the monitoring of natural resources such as water, soil, and vegetation using satellite products provided by SentinelHub. The images are processed to obtain NDWI (Normalized Difference Water), BSI (Bare Soil), NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation), and NDMI (Normalized Difference Moisture) index values. Furthermore, we compute the quality composite index for the specified area based on the previously mentioned indexes. Moreover, comparisons can be made between various years chosen by the user. The solution can be deployed in a Cloud Computing environment, is scalable due to multiple replicas of the used services, reliable due to the cache service that saves already processed indexes in a database, reducing the dependency on SentinelHub, and is secure due to various protection measures against SQL and Denial of Service (DoS) attacks.
{"title":"Quality sustaining vegetation index for natural resources monitoring using satellite images","authors":"Ana-Maria Tudorescu , Catalin Negru , Bogdan-Costel Mocanu , Florin Pop","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nowadays, natural resource monitoring represents an actual and challenging research topic in the context of the new climate neutrality strategies. In this paper, we design a composite index for assessing natural resources such as lands that can sustain vegetation. We also implement a cloud computing solution based on the microservice architecture that allows the monitoring of natural resources such as water, soil, and vegetation using satellite products provided by SentinelHub. The images are processed to obtain NDWI (Normalized Difference Water), BSI (Bare Soil), NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation), and NDMI (Normalized Difference Moisture) index values. Furthermore, we compute the quality composite index for the specified area based on the previously mentioned indexes. Moreover, comparisons can be made between various years chosen by the user. The solution can be deployed in a Cloud Computing environment, is scalable due to multiple replicas of the used services, reliable due to the cache service that saves already processed indexes in a database, reducing the dependency on SentinelHub, and is secure due to various protection measures against SQL and Denial of Service (DoS) attacks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101847"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142438161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101846
Mizan Adillia Ahmad Fuad , Azhar Ghazali , Mohd Hafizal Mohd Isa , Hanizam Awang
3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) is an advanced technology in manufacturing and building sector. This technology is now a crucial component for developing cutting-edge machinery that could resolve many challenges faced by conventional building construction. Despite their benefits, the quality of materials used in 3DCP still requires further attention to meet established concrete standards. Therefore, reforming the conventional construction industry with sustainable waste sources for 3DCP technology is a strategic approach. Since the current range of 3DCP material is still restricted, expanding the selection to include more eco-friendly options could be highly beneficial. This paper aims to explores the potential in utilizing waste sources as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) for 3DCP mixture in building construction. It reviews the recent and past research pertinently on sustainable waste (rubber, polymer, construction, industrial, recycled sand, and glass) products as supplements or additions for the 3DCP mixture. Rheological and compressive strength characteristics of the 3DCP combination are examined and contrasted with those of other waste materials. All gathered information will be examined considering the literature research to identify the combination for 3DCP to achieve improvement in building materials. Using waste as an SCM component in 3DCP mixtures supports sustainable construction practices. Waste materials have shown potential to improve the rheology (slump, workability, extrudability) and compressive strength of 3D-printed concrete. Compared to the conventional building construction method, optimising waste in a 3DCP will promote efforts to minimise waste creation and maximise the efficient use of commodities. Therefore, incorporating sustainable waste into 3DCP mixtures is a promising area of study for further research.
{"title":"Utilising waste material in a 3DCP mixture: A review on rheological and compressive strength","authors":"Mizan Adillia Ahmad Fuad , Azhar Ghazali , Mohd Hafizal Mohd Isa , Hanizam Awang","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) is an advanced technology in manufacturing and building sector. This technology is now a crucial component for developing cutting-edge machinery that could resolve many challenges faced by conventional building construction. Despite their benefits, the quality of materials used in 3DCP still requires further attention to meet established concrete standards. Therefore, reforming the conventional construction industry with sustainable waste sources for 3DCP technology is a strategic approach. Since the current range of 3DCP material is still restricted, expanding the selection to include more eco-friendly options could be highly beneficial. This paper aims to explores the potential in utilizing waste sources as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) for 3DCP mixture in building construction. It reviews the recent and past research pertinently on sustainable waste (rubber, polymer, construction, industrial, recycled sand, and glass) products as supplements or additions for the 3DCP mixture. Rheological and compressive strength characteristics of the 3DCP combination are examined and contrasted with those of other waste materials. All gathered information will be examined considering the literature research to identify the combination for 3DCP to achieve improvement in building materials. Using waste as an SCM component in 3DCP mixtures supports sustainable construction practices. Waste materials have shown potential to improve the rheology (slump, workability, extrudability) and compressive strength of 3D-printed concrete. Compared to the conventional building construction method, optimising waste in a 3DCP will promote efforts to minimise waste creation and maximise the efficient use of commodities. Therefore, incorporating sustainable waste into 3DCP mixtures is a promising area of study for further research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101846"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101849
Wei Sheng , Zhengminqing Li , Xiaofeng Yu
In the field of face gear tooth profile research, while the phenomena of undercutting and pointing are widely recognized, the occurrence of tooth top overcut is often overlooked. This paper employs the Normal to Tooth Profile Method (NTPM) to construct a mathematical model for the face gear tooth surface, encompassing the working surface, fillet surface, and top cutting surface. The tooth top overcut phenomenon is elucidated by means of tooth surface visualization and simulated gear cutting. The reliability of the proposed model is also compared with traditional models through the use of finite element simulations and tooth contact experiments. The study also analyzes the influence of design parameters on the amount of overcut and provides chamfering recommendations to eliminate it. The findings reveal that tooth top cutting is particularly significant in face gear pairs with high gear ratios, necessitating special attention when designing power-split transmission systems. Furthermore, the proposed NTPM is a more effective method for examining face gear tooth profile characteristics.
{"title":"Research on the top cutting features on face gears using normal to tooth profile method","authors":"Wei Sheng , Zhengminqing Li , Xiaofeng Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the field of face gear tooth profile research, while the phenomena of undercutting and pointing are widely recognized, the occurrence of tooth top overcut is often overlooked. This paper employs the Normal to Tooth Profile Method (NTPM) to construct a mathematical model for the face gear tooth surface, encompassing the working surface, fillet surface, and top cutting surface. The tooth top overcut phenomenon is elucidated by means of tooth surface visualization and simulated gear cutting. The reliability of the proposed model is also compared with traditional models through the use of finite element simulations and tooth contact experiments. The study also analyzes the influence of design parameters on the amount of overcut and provides chamfering recommendations to eliminate it. The findings reveal that tooth top cutting is particularly significant in face gear pairs with high gear ratios, necessitating special attention when designing power-split transmission systems. Furthermore, the proposed NTPM is a more effective method for examining face gear tooth profile characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101849"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101845
Omer Faruk Goktas , Ekin Demiray , Ali Degirmenci , Ilyas Cankaya
The development of fast and cost-effective methods for measuring biological molecules has many advantages over conventional methods. However, these methods, which are used for monitoring biological molecules, have some drawbacks, such as high cost, time consumption, or labor intensity. On the other hand, microwaves are interacted with sample which can be calculated easily. Thus, microwaves provide compact, uncomplicated, non-invasive, and continuous monitoring of various critical substances such as glucose and nitrogen sources. Here, we show that a new algorithm, based on a sliding window approach, which effectively identifies the optimum operating point using Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) measurements of biological macromolecules including glucose, ammonium sulfate, and yeast extract. Moreover, the effect of container type (mica glass and urine container) on microwave sensing, using a VNA connected with a WR-28 adapter, was investigated. The experimental results confirmed that, mica glass resulted in better differentiation than urine container for glucose estimation. Furthermore, glucose, ammonium sulfate, and yeast extract amounts were effectively determined with novel algorithm. Reflection coefficients () of glucose, yeast extract, and ammonium sulfate ranged between −14.14 dB, −14.41 dB, −10.65 dB, −10.85 dB, and −13.84 dB, −14.16 dB, respectively at optimal operation points when macromolecule concentrations were between 20–80 g/L. In addition, the time complexity of the proposed algorithm was performed and the overall time complexity is (linear time) and the time complexity per incoming update is (constant time). In this context, the algorithm is also suitable for online applications. The current study proposed a promising approach for cost effective and rapid estimation of biological substances.
{"title":"Real time non-invasive monitoring of glucose and nitrogen sources with a novel window sliding based algorithm","authors":"Omer Faruk Goktas , Ekin Demiray , Ali Degirmenci , Ilyas Cankaya","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of fast and cost-effective methods for measuring biological molecules has many advantages over conventional methods. However, these methods, which are used for monitoring biological molecules, have some drawbacks, such as high cost, time consumption, or labor intensity. On the other hand, microwaves are interacted with sample which can be calculated easily. Thus, microwaves provide compact, uncomplicated, non-invasive, and continuous monitoring of various critical substances such as glucose and nitrogen sources. Here, we show that a new algorithm, based on a sliding window approach, which effectively identifies the optimum operating point using Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) measurements of biological macromolecules including glucose, ammonium sulfate, and yeast extract. Moreover, the effect of container type (mica glass and urine container) on microwave sensing, using a VNA connected with a WR-28 adapter, was investigated. The experimental results confirmed that, mica glass resulted in better differentiation than urine container for glucose estimation. Furthermore, glucose, ammonium sulfate, and yeast extract amounts were effectively determined with novel algorithm. Reflection coefficients (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>11</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>) of glucose, yeast extract, and ammonium sulfate ranged between −14.14 dB, −14.41 dB, −10.65 dB, −10.85 dB, and −13.84 dB, −14.16 dB, respectively at optimal operation points when macromolecule concentrations were between 20–80 g/L. In addition, the time complexity of the proposed algorithm was performed and the overall time complexity is <span><math><mrow><mi>O</mi><mfenced><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></mfenced></mrow></math></span> (linear time) and the time complexity per incoming update is <span><math><mrow><mi>O</mi><mfenced><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></mfenced></mrow></math></span> (constant time). In this context, the algorithm is also suitable for online applications. The current study proposed a promising approach for cost effective and rapid estimation of biological substances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101845"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101844
Vinish Yogesh , Lisanne Grevinga , Carsten Voort , Jaap H. Buurke , Peter H. Veltink , Chris T.M. Baten
Integrated UWB and MIMU sensor systems have become popular for pedestrian tracking and indoor localization, since this facilitates data fusion that improves position estimation accuracy by exploiting the complementary nature of their error sources. Integrated UWB/MIMU sensors also have great potential in only on-body use for 3D analysis of human movement, as with MIMU sensors alone accurate direct estimation of (relative) body segment position is not possible. For this, a position estimation accuracy with errors smaller than 1 cm is deemed required. The lowest position estimating error with integrated UWB/MIMU systems, reported so far, is around 5 cm. The main accuracy limiting factors were found to be the systematic errors in the distance estimates from the UWB sensor. Multiple reported attempts to calibrate for these systematic errors failed to achieve the desired accuracy. This article presents a novel distance-bias calibration method that minimizes the residual systematic distance estimate errors using multiple sensors in a swarm configuration. Validation was performed against synthetic reference data and against reference data measured with an optical motion tracking system. Significantly reduced systematic distance estimate errors (≤0.5 cm) were found. These results promise to facilitate significantly better position estimates in future UWB/MIMU data fusion.
{"title":"Novel calibration method for improved UWB sensor distance measurement in the context of application for 3D analysis of human movement","authors":"Vinish Yogesh , Lisanne Grevinga , Carsten Voort , Jaap H. Buurke , Peter H. Veltink , Chris T.M. Baten","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrated UWB and MIMU sensor systems have become popular for pedestrian tracking and indoor localization, since this facilitates data fusion that improves position estimation accuracy by exploiting the complementary nature of their error sources. Integrated UWB/MIMU sensors also have great potential in only on-body use for 3D analysis of human movement, as with MIMU sensors alone accurate direct estimation of (relative) body segment position is not possible. For this, a position estimation accuracy with errors smaller than 1 cm is deemed required. The lowest position estimating error with integrated UWB/MIMU systems, reported so far, is around 5 cm. The main accuracy limiting factors were found to be the systematic errors in the distance estimates from the UWB sensor. Multiple reported attempts to calibrate for these systematic errors failed to achieve the desired accuracy. This article presents a novel distance-bias calibration method that minimizes the residual systematic distance estimate errors using multiple sensors in a swarm configuration. Validation was performed against synthetic reference data and against reference data measured with an optical motion tracking system. Significantly reduced systematic distance estimate errors (≤0.5 cm) were found. These results promise to facilitate significantly better position estimates in future UWB/MIMU data fusion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101844"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101848
Mohammed Saif ur Rahman , Mohamed A. Abou-Khousa , Muhammad Firdaus Akbar
Dielectric composite materials are ubiquitously used across a wide variety of industries. Inherent features encompassing immunity against corrosion, light weight and reasonable strength have allowed composites to be seamlessly integrated within critical applications in the oil and gas, aerospace, energy, transportation and defense sectors. While composites are advantageous to their metal counterparts in certain applications, they are not free from vulnerabilities to defects which could potentially compromise their structural integrity. Being prone to numerous flaws and anomalies during operation and manufacturing, routine inspections and periodic health monitoring of composites is of paramount importance. Various non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques have successfully been applied for composite inspection. However, most modalities have had limited success in reliably detecting and localizing flaws/defects in thick dielectric composites. Among the few successful techniques, microwave NDT has repeatedly shown potential for detection of surface/sub-surface defects in such composites. While other NDT techniques have been thoroughly reviewed in the literature, microwave NDT has not been substantially covered. In this paper, a review of various microwave NDT approaches towards the inspection of various composites is presented. The utility of microwave based probes to reliably detect different types of flaws in composites is highlighted. A succinct overview of effectiveness of microwave techniques used to detect a variety of defects in composites is represented in tabular form for convenience of readers to visualize the progress of microwave based NDT methods in the past decade.
{"title":"A review on microwave non-destructive testing (NDT) of composites","authors":"Mohammed Saif ur Rahman , Mohamed A. Abou-Khousa , Muhammad Firdaus Akbar","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dielectric composite materials are ubiquitously used across a wide variety of industries. Inherent features encompassing immunity against corrosion, light weight and reasonable strength have allowed composites to be seamlessly integrated within critical applications in the oil and gas, aerospace, energy, transportation and defense sectors. While composites are advantageous to their metal counterparts in certain applications, they are not free from vulnerabilities to defects which could potentially compromise their structural integrity. Being prone to numerous flaws and anomalies during operation and manufacturing, routine inspections and periodic health monitoring of composites is of paramount importance. Various non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques have successfully been applied for composite inspection. However, most modalities have had limited success in reliably detecting and localizing flaws/defects in thick dielectric composites. Among the few successful techniques, microwave NDT has repeatedly shown potential for detection of surface/sub-surface defects in such composites. While other NDT techniques have been thoroughly reviewed in the literature, microwave NDT has not been substantially covered. In this paper, a review of various microwave NDT approaches towards the inspection of various composites is presented. The utility of microwave based probes to reliably detect different types of flaws in composites is highlighted. A succinct overview of effectiveness of microwave techniques used to detect a variety of defects in composites is represented in tabular form for convenience of readers to visualize the progress of microwave based NDT methods in the past decade.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101848"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101851
Lai Hu , Banhu Li , Lee Heow Pueh , Zixi Wang , Yuming Wang
Grinding surface residual stress (RS) has an important influence on the service life of parts. In this study, the mathematical model of grinding force (GF) and grinding temperature (GT) of single particle was established. The relationship between grinding parameters, grinding force-thermal coupling and residual stress of single particle was analyzed by numerical simulation. Meanwhile, aiming at the multi-grain grinding of aviation precision high-speed bearing rings, the experimental analysis of crystal fragmentation, element content and residual stress of service and non-service bearing rings were carried out. Based on the above, the following results were obtained: in the simulation, the residual stress in the Y direction > the residual stress in the X direction > the residual stress in the Z direction at the same grinding force and grinding temperature. In the experiment, (1) The grain size of bearing raceway before service was about 24 μm, and the grain size of bearing raceway after service was about 3 times smaller than that before service. (2) C, Si, Cr and Fe decreased by 0.83 %, 0.07 %, 1.09 % and 32.75 % respectively after crushing (after service). On the contrary, it increased 0.66 % O and 34.08 % Pr. The Pr element was mainly distributed in the broken grain boundaries. (3) After service, the tangential residual compressive stress decreased by 169.3 MPa, while the axial residual stress increased by 172.6 MPa.
{"title":"Effect of single/multi-particle grinding parameters on surface properties of bearing steel GCr15","authors":"Lai Hu , Banhu Li , Lee Heow Pueh , Zixi Wang , Yuming Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jestch.2024.101851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grinding surface residual stress (RS) has an important influence on the service life of parts. In this study, the mathematical model of grinding force (GF) and grinding temperature (GT) of single particle was established. The relationship between grinding parameters, grinding force-thermal coupling and residual stress of single particle was analyzed by numerical simulation. Meanwhile, aiming at the multi-grain grinding of aviation precision high-speed bearing rings, the experimental analysis of crystal fragmentation, element content and residual stress of service and non-service bearing rings were carried out. Based on the above, the following results were obtained: in the simulation, the residual stress in the Y direction > the residual stress in the X direction > the residual stress in the Z direction at the same grinding force and grinding temperature. In the experiment, (1) The grain size of bearing raceway before service was about 24 μm, and the grain size of bearing raceway after service was about 3 times smaller than that before service. (2) C, Si, Cr and Fe decreased by 0.83 %, 0.07 %, 1.09 % and 32.75 % respectively after crushing (after service). On the contrary, it increased 0.66 % O and 34.08 % Pr. The Pr element was mainly distributed in the broken grain boundaries. (3) After service, the tangential residual compressive stress decreased by 169.3 MPa, while the axial residual stress increased by 172.6 MPa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48609,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Science and Technology-An International Journal-Jestech","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101851"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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