Pub Date : 2024-09-20DOI: 10.5194/soil-10-655-2024
Daniel Rasche, Theresa Blume, Andreas Güntner
Abstract. Ground-based soil moisture measurements at the field scale are highly beneficial for different hydrological applications, including the validation of space-borne soil moisture products, landscape water budgeting, or multi-criteria calibration of rainfall–runoff models from field to catchment scale. Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) allows for the non-invasive monitoring of field-scale soil moisture across several hectares around the instrument but only for the first few tens of centimeters of the soil. Many of these applications require information on soil water dynamics in deeper soil layers. Simple depth-extrapolation approaches often used in remote sensing may be used to estimate soil moisture in deeper layers based on the near-surface soil moisture information. However, most approaches require a site-specific calibration using depth profiles of in situ soil moisture data, which are often not available. The soil moisture analytical relationship (SMAR) is usually also calibrated to sensor data, but due to the physical meaning of each model parameter, it could be applied without calibration if all its parameters were known. However, its water loss parameter in particular is difficult to estimate. In this paper, we introduce and test a simple modification of the SMAR model to estimate the water loss in the second layer based on soil physical parameters and the surface soil moisture time series. We apply the model with and without calibration at a forest site with sandy soils. Comparing the model results with in situ reference measurements down to depths of 450 cm shows that the SMAR models both with and without modification as well as the calibrated exponential filter approach do not capture the observed soil moisture dynamics well. While, on average, the latter performs best over different tested scenarios, the performance of the SMAR models nevertheless meets a previously used benchmark RMSE of ≤ 0.06 cm3 cm−3 in both the calibrated original and uncalibrated modified version. Different transfer functions to derive surface soil moisture from CRNS do not translate into markedly different results of the depth-extrapolated soil moisture time series simulated by SMAR. Despite the fact that the soil moisture dynamics are not well represented at our study site using the depth-extrapolation approaches, our modified SMAR model may provide valuable first estimates of soil moisture in a deeper soil layer derived from surface measurements based on stationary and roving CRNS as well as remote sensing products where in situ data for calibration are not available.
{"title":"Depth extrapolation of field-scale soil moisture time series derived with cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) using the soil moisture analytical relationship (SMAR) model","authors":"Daniel Rasche, Theresa Blume, Andreas Güntner","doi":"10.5194/soil-10-655-2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-655-2024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Ground-based soil moisture measurements at the field scale are highly beneficial for different hydrological applications, including the validation of space-borne soil moisture products, landscape water budgeting, or multi-criteria calibration of rainfall–runoff models from field to catchment scale. Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) allows for the non-invasive monitoring of field-scale soil moisture across several hectares around the instrument but only for the first few tens of centimeters of the soil. Many of these applications require information on soil water dynamics in deeper soil layers. Simple depth-extrapolation approaches often used in remote sensing may be used to estimate soil moisture in deeper layers based on the near-surface soil moisture information. However, most approaches require a site-specific calibration using depth profiles of in situ soil moisture data, which are often not available. The soil moisture analytical relationship (SMAR) is usually also calibrated to sensor data, but due to the physical meaning of each model parameter, it could be applied without calibration if all its parameters were known. However, its water loss parameter in particular is difficult to estimate. In this paper, we introduce and test a simple modification of the SMAR model to estimate the water loss in the second layer based on soil physical parameters and the surface soil moisture time series. We apply the model with and without calibration at a forest site with sandy soils. Comparing the model results with in situ reference measurements down to depths of 450 cm shows that the SMAR models both with and without modification as well as the calibrated exponential filter approach do not capture the observed soil moisture dynamics well. While, on average, the latter performs best over different tested scenarios, the performance of the SMAR models nevertheless meets a previously used benchmark RMSE of ≤ 0.06 cm3 cm−3 in both the calibrated original and uncalibrated modified version. Different transfer functions to derive surface soil moisture from CRNS do not translate into markedly different results of the depth-extrapolated soil moisture time series simulated by SMAR. Despite the fact that the soil moisture dynamics are not well represented at our study site using the depth-extrapolation approaches, our modified SMAR model may provide valuable first estimates of soil moisture in a deeper soil layer derived from surface measurements based on stationary and roving CRNS as well as remote sensing products where in situ data for calibration are not available.","PeriodicalId":48610,"journal":{"name":"Soil","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142276730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-2024-2504
Corinna Gall, Silvana Oldenburg, Martin Nebel, Thomas Scholten, Steffen Seitz
Abstract. Soil erosion is a serious problem worldwide, as it jeopardizes soil fertility and thus food security. At the same time, agriculture itself is one of the biggest drivers of soil erosion, and vineyards in particular are vulnerable due to often steep slopes, fragile soils, and management practices. Therefore, the search for alternative management practices becomes vital. Since soil erosion is reduced by vegetation cover, this also applies to moss cover. However, research on the restoration and protection of bare soil using mosses as erosion control is still in its infancy. In this study, the restoration of mosses was investigated by applying artificially cultivated moss mats in a temperate vineyard. The effects of moss restoration on surface runoff and sediment discharge were examined compared to bare soil and cover crops using rainfall simulations at three measurement times during one year (April, June, and October). Additionally, soil water content was monitored for each treatment during all rainfall simulations. Mosses initially showed considerable desiccation in summer, whereupon their growth declined. In October, the mosses recovered and re-established themselves in the vineyard, showing a high level of resistance. Moss restoration significantly reduced surface runoff by 71.4 % and sediment discharge by 75.8 % compared to bare soils. While moss restoration had a slightly better effect on reducing runoff and a slightly lower effect on reducing erosion than cover crops (68.1 % and 87.7 %, respectively), these differences were not statistically significant. Sediment discharge varied seasonally for moss restoration, especially from April to June, which is most likely due to the decline in moss cover and the foliage of the vines in June, as concentrated canopy drip points have formed on the leaves and woody surfaces of the vines, increasing erosion. In April and June, the different treatments do not significantly impact soil water content, while in October, bare soil had the highest and moss restoration the lowest soil water content. According to this, the influence of soil cover varies seasonally, with moss restoration not having a detrimental effect on the soil water content in the drier summer months, but retaining the least water in October. Overall, moss restoration proved to be an appropriate and low-maintenance alternative for erosion control, as it requires no mowing and does not reduce near-surface soil water content during summer.
{"title":"Effects of moss restoration on soil erosion and soil water content in a temperate vineyard","authors":"Corinna Gall, Silvana Oldenburg, Martin Nebel, Thomas Scholten, Steffen Seitz","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-2024-2504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2504","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Abstract.</strong> Soil erosion is a serious problem worldwide, as it jeopardizes soil fertility and thus food security. At the same time, agriculture itself is one of the biggest drivers of soil erosion, and vineyards in particular are vulnerable due to often steep slopes, fragile soils, and management practices. Therefore, the search for alternative management practices becomes vital. Since soil erosion is reduced by vegetation cover, this also applies to moss cover. However, research on the restoration and protection of bare soil using mosses as erosion control is still in its infancy. In this study, the restoration of mosses was investigated by applying artificially cultivated moss mats in a temperate vineyard. The effects of moss restoration on surface runoff and sediment discharge were examined compared to bare soil and cover crops using rainfall simulations at three measurement times during one year (April, June, and October). Additionally, soil water content was monitored for each treatment during all rainfall simulations. Mosses initially showed considerable desiccation in summer, whereupon their growth declined. In October, the mosses recovered and re-established themselves in the vineyard, showing a high level of resistance. Moss restoration significantly reduced surface runoff by 71.4 % and sediment discharge by 75.8 % compared to bare soils. While moss restoration had a slightly better effect on reducing runoff and a slightly lower effect on reducing erosion than cover crops (68.1 % and 87.7 %, respectively), these differences were not statistically significant. Sediment discharge varied seasonally for moss restoration, especially from April to June, which is most likely due to the decline in moss cover and the foliage of the vines in June, as concentrated canopy drip points have formed on the leaves and woody surfaces of the vines, increasing erosion. In April and June, the different treatments do not significantly impact soil water content, while in October, bare soil had the highest and moss restoration the lowest soil water content. According to this, the influence of soil cover varies seasonally, with moss restoration not having a detrimental effect on the soil water content in the drier summer months, but retaining the least water in October. Overall, moss restoration proved to be an appropriate and low-maintenance alternative for erosion control, as it requires no mowing and does not reduce near-surface soil water content during summer.","PeriodicalId":48610,"journal":{"name":"Soil","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142236337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-2024-2648
Anette Eltner, David Favis-Mortlock, Oliver Grothum, Martin Neumann, Tomas Laburda, Petr Kavka
Abstract. Future global change is likely to give rise to novel combinations of the factors which enhance or inhibit soil erosion by water. Thus there is a need for erosion models, necessarily process-focused, which are able to reliably represent rates and extents of soil erosion under unprecedented circumstances. The process-focused cellular automaton erosion model RillGrow is, given initial soil surface microtopography on a plot-sized area, able to predict the emergent patterns produced by runoff and erosion. This study explores the use of Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry as a means to calibrate and validate this model by capturing detailed, time-lapsed data for soil surface height changes during erosion events. Temporally high-resolution monitoring capabilities (i.e. 3D models of elevation change at 0.1 Hz frequency) permit validation of erosion models in terms of the sequence of formation of erosional features. Here, multi-objective functions, using three different spatio-temporal averaging approaches, are assessed for their suitability in calibrating and evaluating the model's output. We used two sets of data, from field- and laboratory-based rainfall simulation experiments lasting 90 and 30 minutes, respectively. By integrating 10 different calibration metrics, the output of 2000 and 2400 RillGrow runs for the field and laboratory experiments respectively, were analysed. No single model run was able to adequately replicate all aspects of either field and laboratory experiments. The multi-objective approaches highlight different aspects of model performance, indicating that no single objective function can capture the full complexity of erosion processes. They also highlight different strengths and weaknesses of the model. Depending on the focus of the evaluation, an ensemble of objective functions may not always be necessary. These results underscore the need for more nuanced evaluation of erosion models, e.g. by incorporating spatial pattern comparison techniques to provide a deeper understanding of the model’s capabilities. Such evaluations are an essential complement to the development of erosion models which are able to forecast the impacts of future global change.
{"title":"Using 3D observations with high spatio-temporal resolution to calibrate and evaluate a process-focused cellular automaton model of soil erosion by water","authors":"Anette Eltner, David Favis-Mortlock, Oliver Grothum, Martin Neumann, Tomas Laburda, Petr Kavka","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-2024-2648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2648","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Abstract.</strong> Future global change is likely to give rise to novel combinations of the factors which enhance or inhibit soil erosion by water. Thus there is a need for erosion models, necessarily process-focused, which are able to reliably represent rates and extents of soil erosion under unprecedented circumstances. The process-focused cellular automaton erosion model RillGrow is, given initial soil surface microtopography on a plot-sized area, able to predict the emergent patterns produced by runoff and erosion. This study explores the use of Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry as a means to calibrate and validate this model by capturing detailed, time-lapsed data for soil surface height changes during erosion events. Temporally high-resolution monitoring capabilities (i.e. 3D models of elevation change at 0.1 Hz frequency) permit validation of erosion models in terms of the sequence of formation of erosional features. Here, multi-objective functions, using three different spatio-temporal averaging approaches, are assessed for their suitability in calibrating and evaluating the model's output. We used two sets of data, from field- and laboratory-based rainfall simulation experiments lasting 90 and 30 minutes, respectively. By integrating 10 different calibration metrics, the output of 2000 and 2400 RillGrow runs for the field and laboratory experiments respectively, were analysed. No single model run was able to adequately replicate all aspects of either field and laboratory experiments. The multi-objective approaches highlight different aspects of model performance, indicating that no single objective function can capture the full complexity of erosion processes. They also highlight different strengths and weaknesses of the model. Depending on the focus of the evaluation, an ensemble of objective functions may not always be necessary. These results underscore the need for more nuanced evaluation of erosion models, e.g. by incorporating spatial pattern comparison techniques to provide a deeper understanding of the model’s capabilities. Such evaluations are an essential complement to the development of erosion models which are able to forecast the impacts of future global change.","PeriodicalId":48610,"journal":{"name":"Soil","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142170442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.5194/soil-10-637-2024
Wolde Mekuria, Euan Phimister, Getahun Yakob, Desalegn Tegegne, Awdenegest Moges, Yitna Tesfaye, Dagmawi Melaku, Charlene Gerber, Paul D. Hallett, Jo U. Smith
Abstract. Gully erosion can be combatted in severely affected regions like sub-Saharan Africa using various low-cost interventions that are accessible to affected farmers. For successful implementation, however, biophysical evidence of intervention effectiveness needs to be validated against the interests and priorities of local communities. Working with farmers in a watershed in southern Ethiopia, we investigated (a) the effectiveness of low-cost gully rehabilitation measures to reduce soil loss and upward expansion of gully heads; (b) how farmers and communities view gully interventions; and (c) whether involving farmers in on-farm field trials to demonstrate gully interventions improves uptake, knowledge, and perceptions of their capacity to act. On-farm field experiments, key-informant interviews, focus group discussions, and household surveys were used to collect and analyse data. Three gully treatments were explored, all with riprap, one with grass planting, and one with grass planting and check-dam integration. Over a period of 26 months, these low-cost practices ceased measurable gully head expansion, whereas untreated gullies had a mean upward expansion of 671 cm, resulting in a calculated soil loss of 11.0 t. Farmers had a positive view of all gully rehabilitation measures explored. Ongoing rehabilitation activities and on-farm trials influenced the knowledge and understanding of similar gully treatments among survey respondents. On-farm experiments and field day demonstrations empowered farmers to act, addressing pessimism from some respondents about their capacity to do so.
{"title":"Gully rehabilitation in southern Ethiopia – value and impacts for farmers","authors":"Wolde Mekuria, Euan Phimister, Getahun Yakob, Desalegn Tegegne, Awdenegest Moges, Yitna Tesfaye, Dagmawi Melaku, Charlene Gerber, Paul D. Hallett, Jo U. Smith","doi":"10.5194/soil-10-637-2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-637-2024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Gully erosion can be combatted in severely affected regions like sub-Saharan Africa using various low-cost interventions that are accessible to affected farmers. For successful implementation, however, biophysical evidence of intervention effectiveness needs to be validated against the interests and priorities of local communities. Working with farmers in a watershed in southern Ethiopia, we investigated (a) the effectiveness of low-cost gully rehabilitation measures to reduce soil loss and upward expansion of gully heads; (b) how farmers and communities view gully interventions; and (c) whether involving farmers in on-farm field trials to demonstrate gully interventions improves uptake, knowledge, and perceptions of their capacity to act. On-farm field experiments, key-informant interviews, focus group discussions, and household surveys were used to collect and analyse data. Three gully treatments were explored, all with riprap, one with grass planting, and one with grass planting and check-dam integration. Over a period of 26 months, these low-cost practices ceased measurable gully head expansion, whereas untreated gullies had a mean upward expansion of 671 cm, resulting in a calculated soil loss of 11.0 t. Farmers had a positive view of all gully rehabilitation measures explored. Ongoing rehabilitation activities and on-farm trials influenced the knowledge and understanding of similar gully treatments among survey respondents. On-farm experiments and field day demonstrations empowered farmers to act, addressing pessimism from some respondents about their capacity to do so.","PeriodicalId":48610,"journal":{"name":"Soil","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142170443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.5194/soil-10-619-2024
Lingfei Wang, Gab Abramowitz, Ying-Ping Wang, Andy Pitman, Raphael A. Viscarra Rossel
Abstract. Spatially explicit prediction of soil organic carbon (SOC) serves as a crucial foundation for effective land management strategies aimed at mitigating soil degradation and assessing carbon sequestration potential. Here, using more than 1000 in situ observations, we trained two machine learning models (a random forest model and a k-means coupled with multiple linear regression model) and one process-based model (the vertically resolved MIcrobial-MIneral Carbon Stabilization, MIMICS, model) to predict the SOC stocks of the top 30 cm of soil in Australia. Parameters of MIMICS were optimised for different site groupings using two distinct approaches: plant functional types (MIMICS-PFT) and the most influential environmental factors (MIMICS-ENV). All models showed good performance with respect to SOC predictions, with an R2 value greater than 0.8 during out-of-sample validation, with random forest being the most accurate; moreover, it was found that SOC in forests is more predictable than that in non-forest soils excluding croplands. The performance of continental-scale SOC predictions by MIMICS-ENV is better than that by MIMICS-PFT especially in non-forest soils. Digital maps of terrestrial SOC stocks generated using all of the models showed a similar spatial distribution, with higher values in south-eastern and south-western Australia, but the magnitude of the estimated SOC stocks varied. The mean ensemble estimate of SOC stocks was 30.3 t ha−1, with k-means coupled with multiple linear regression generating the highest estimate (mean SOC stocks of 38.15 t ha−1) and MIMICS-PFT generating the lowest estimate (mean SOC stocks of 24.29 t ha−1). We suggest that enhancing process-based models to incorporate newly identified drivers that significantly influence SOC variation in different environments could be the key to reducing the discrepancies in these estimates. Our findings underscore the considerable uncertainty in SOC estimates derived from different modelling approaches and emphasise the importance of rigorous out-of-sample validation before applying any one approach in Australia.
{"title":"An ensemble estimate of Australian soil organic carbon using machine learning and process-based modelling","authors":"Lingfei Wang, Gab Abramowitz, Ying-Ping Wang, Andy Pitman, Raphael A. Viscarra Rossel","doi":"10.5194/soil-10-619-2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-619-2024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Spatially explicit prediction of soil organic carbon (SOC) serves as a crucial foundation for effective land management strategies aimed at mitigating soil degradation and assessing carbon sequestration potential. Here, using more than 1000 in situ observations, we trained two machine learning models (a random forest model and a k-means coupled with multiple linear regression model) and one process-based model (the vertically resolved MIcrobial-MIneral Carbon Stabilization, MIMICS, model) to predict the SOC stocks of the top 30 cm of soil in Australia. Parameters of MIMICS were optimised for different site groupings using two distinct approaches: plant functional types (MIMICS-PFT) and the most influential environmental factors (MIMICS-ENV). All models showed good performance with respect to SOC predictions, with an R2 value greater than 0.8 during out-of-sample validation, with random forest being the most accurate; moreover, it was found that SOC in forests is more predictable than that in non-forest soils excluding croplands. The performance of continental-scale SOC predictions by MIMICS-ENV is better than that by MIMICS-PFT especially in non-forest soils. Digital maps of terrestrial SOC stocks generated using all of the models showed a similar spatial distribution, with higher values in south-eastern and south-western Australia, but the magnitude of the estimated SOC stocks varied. The mean ensemble estimate of SOC stocks was 30.3 t ha−1, with k-means coupled with multiple linear regression generating the highest estimate (mean SOC stocks of 38.15 t ha−1) and MIMICS-PFT generating the lowest estimate (mean SOC stocks of 24.29 t ha−1). We suggest that enhancing process-based models to incorporate newly identified drivers that significantly influence SOC variation in different environments could be the key to reducing the discrepancies in these estimates. Our findings underscore the considerable uncertainty in SOC estimates derived from different modelling approaches and emphasise the importance of rigorous out-of-sample validation before applying any one approach in Australia.","PeriodicalId":48610,"journal":{"name":"Soil","volume":"2015 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142160438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-09DOI: 10.5194/soil-10-587-2024
Brigitta Szabó, Piroska Kassai, Svajunas Plunge, Attila Nemes, Péter Braun, Michael Strauch, Felix Witing, János Mészáros, Natalja Čerkasova
Abstract. To effectively guide agricultural management planning strategies and policy, it is important to simulate water quantity and quality patterns and to quantify the impact of land use and climate change on soil functions, soil health, and hydrological and other underlying processes. Environmental models that depict alterations in surface and groundwater quality and quantity at the catchment scale require substantial input, particularly concerning movement and retention in the unsaturated zone. Over the past few decades, numerous soil information sources, containing structured data on diverse basic and advanced soil parameters, alongside innovative solutions to estimate missing soil data, have become increasingly available. This study aims to (i) catalogue open-source soil datasets and pedotransfer functions (PTFs) applicable in simulation studies across European catchments; (ii) evaluate the performance of selected PTFs; and (iii) present compiled R scripts proposing estimation solutions to address soil physical, hydraulic, and chemical data needs and gaps in catchment-scale environmental modelling in Europe. Our focus encompassed basic soil properties, bulk density, porosity, albedo, soil erodibility factor, field capacity, wilting point, available water capacity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and phosphorus content. We aim to recommend widely supported data sources and pioneering prediction methods that maintain physical consistency and present them through streamlined workflows.
摘要为有效指导农业管理规划战略和政策，必须模拟水量和水质模式，量化土地利用和气候变化对土壤功能、土壤健康、水文和其他基本过程的影响。在集水区范围内描述地表水和地下水水质和水量变化的环境模型需要大量输入，特别是有关非饱和带的移动和滞留。在过去的几十年中，包含各种基本和高级土壤参数结构化数据的众多土壤信息源，以及用于估算缺失土壤数据的创新解决方案，已经变得越来越多。本研究旨在：(i) 对适用于欧洲流域模拟研究的开源土壤数据集和土壤转移函数（PTF）进行编目；(ii) 评估所选 PTF 的性能；(iii) 提出 R 脚本汇编，提出估算解决方案，以解决欧洲流域尺度环境建模中的土壤物理、水力和化学数据需求和缺口。我们的重点包括基本土壤特性、容重、孔隙度、反照率、土壤侵蚀系数、田间容重、萎蔫点、可用水容量、饱和导水率和磷含量。我们的目标是推荐得到广泛支持的数据源和开创性的预测方法，以保持物理上的一致性，并通过简化的工作流程加以呈现。
{"title":"Addressing soil data needs and data gaps in catchment-scale environmental modelling: the European perspective","authors":"Brigitta Szabó, Piroska Kassai, Svajunas Plunge, Attila Nemes, Péter Braun, Michael Strauch, Felix Witing, János Mészáros, Natalja Čerkasova","doi":"10.5194/soil-10-587-2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-587-2024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. To effectively guide agricultural management planning strategies and policy, it is important to simulate water quantity and quality patterns and to quantify the impact of land use and climate change on soil functions, soil health, and hydrological and other underlying processes. Environmental models that depict alterations in surface and groundwater quality and quantity at the catchment scale require substantial input, particularly concerning movement and retention in the unsaturated zone. Over the past few decades, numerous soil information sources, containing structured data on diverse basic and advanced soil parameters, alongside innovative solutions to estimate missing soil data, have become increasingly available. This study aims to (i) catalogue open-source soil datasets and pedotransfer functions (PTFs) applicable in simulation studies across European catchments; (ii) evaluate the performance of selected PTFs; and (iii) present compiled R scripts proposing estimation solutions to address soil physical, hydraulic, and chemical data needs and gaps in catchment-scale environmental modelling in Europe. Our focus encompassed basic soil properties, bulk density, porosity, albedo, soil erodibility factor, field capacity, wilting point, available water capacity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and phosphorus content. We aim to recommend widely supported data sources and pioneering prediction methods that maintain physical consistency and present them through streamlined workflows.","PeriodicalId":48610,"journal":{"name":"Soil","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142158979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-2024-2498
Dan Wang, Fei Li, Benjuan Liu, Zhihui Wang, Jianfeng Hou, Rui Cao, Yuqian Zheng, Wanqin Yang
Abstract. The knowledge of the status and influential factors of soil nutrients including soil organic matter (SOM), nitrogen (N), potassium (K) and phosphorus (P), and acidification is the basis for sustainable management of tea plantations and thus the sustainability of tea industry. However, a study addressing this topic at a national level is lack. Thereby, we assessed the status, spatial variations, and influential factors of soil nutrients and acidification in China’s tea plantations based on 1,843 data pairs collected from 379 published articles. The results showed that only 40.90 % of the observed tea plantations could meet the standards of high-quality tea plantations and most tea plantations were facing soil acidification, and nutrient deficiencies and imbalance. Furthermore, the status of soil nutrients and pH varied among cultivation zones due to the impacts of geolocations, climate, and soil types. Specifically, tea plantations in the southern zone showed the lowest concentrations of soil available N and K and total K but the highest stoichiometric ratios of soil nutrients (P<0.05). The status of soil nutrients and pH was also significantly shaped by management practices (e.g., rotational life cycle and fertilization strategies). Applying organic fertilizer, extending rotational life cycle duration of cultivation, planting shading trees were recommended to improve the soil nutrient availability and balance and to mitigate soil acidification. Specifically, applying K fertilizer to tea plantations in the southern zone and/or at high altitudes was recommended.
{"title":"Status and influential factors of soil nutrients and acidification in Chinese tea plantations","authors":"Dan Wang, Fei Li, Benjuan Liu, Zhihui Wang, Jianfeng Hou, Rui Cao, Yuqian Zheng, Wanqin Yang","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-2024-2498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2498","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Abstract.</strong> The knowledge of the status and influential factors of soil nutrients including soil organic matter (SOM), nitrogen (N), potassium (K) and phosphorus (P), and acidification is the basis for sustainable management of tea plantations and thus the sustainability of tea industry. However, a study addressing this topic at a national level is lack. Thereby, we assessed the status, spatial variations, and influential factors of soil nutrients and acidification in China’s tea plantations based on 1,843 data pairs collected from 379 published articles. The results showed that only 40.90 % of the observed tea plantations could meet the standards of high-quality tea plantations and most tea plantations were facing soil acidification, and nutrient deficiencies and imbalance. Furthermore, the status of soil nutrients and pH varied among cultivation zones due to the impacts of geolocations, climate, and soil types. Specifically, tea plantations in the southern zone showed the lowest concentrations of soil available N and K and total K but the highest stoichiometric ratios of soil nutrients (P<0.05). The status of soil nutrients and pH was also significantly shaped by management practices (e.g., rotational life cycle and fertilization strategies). Applying organic fertilizer, extending rotational life cycle duration of cultivation, planting shading trees were recommended to improve the soil nutrient availability and balance and to mitigate soil acidification. Specifically, applying K fertilizer to tea plantations in the southern zone and/or at high altitudes was recommended.","PeriodicalId":48610,"journal":{"name":"Soil","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142085768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-2024-2101
Sonya Sara Altzitser, Yael Golda Mishael, Nimrod Schwartz
Abstract. Understanding phenolic pollutants interaction with soil colloids has been a focus of extensive research, primarily under controlled conditions. This study addresses the need to explore these processes in a more natural, complex soil environment. We aim to enlighten the underlying mechanisms of hydroquinone (a representative phenolic pollutant) oxidation in ambient, MnO2-rich sandy soil within soil columns designed for breakthrough experiments. Our innovative approach combines noninvasive electrical measurements, crystallographic and microscopic analyses, and chemical profiling to comprehensively understand soil-pollutant interactions. Our study reveals that hydroquinone oxidation by MnO2 initiates a cascade of reactions, altering local pH, calcite dissolution, and precipitating amorphous Mn-oxides, showcasing a complex interplay of chemical processes. Our analysis, combining insights from chemistry and electrical measurements, reveals the oxidation process led to a constant decrease in polarizing surfaces, as indicated by quadrature conductivity monitoring. Furthermore, dynamic shifts in the soil solution chemistry (changes in the calcium and manganese concentrations, pH, and EC) correlated with the non-monotonous behavior of the in-phase conductivity. Our findings conclusively demonstrate that the noninvasive electrical method allows real-time monitoring of calcite dissolution, serving as a direct cursor to the oxidation process of hydroquinone, enabling the observation of soil surface processes, and chemical interactions.
{"title":"Organic Pollutant Oxidation on Manganese Oxides in Soils – The Role of Calcite Indicated by Geoelectrical and Chemical Analyses","authors":"Sonya Sara Altzitser, Yael Golda Mishael, Nimrod Schwartz","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-2024-2101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2101","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Abstract.</strong> Understanding phenolic pollutants interaction with soil colloids has been a focus of extensive research, primarily under controlled conditions. This study addresses the need to explore these processes in a more natural, complex soil environment. We aim to enlighten the underlying mechanisms of hydroquinone (a representative phenolic pollutant) oxidation in ambient, MnO<sub>2</sub>-rich sandy soil within soil columns designed for breakthrough experiments. Our innovative approach combines noninvasive electrical measurements, crystallographic and microscopic analyses, and chemical profiling to comprehensively understand soil-pollutant interactions. Our study reveals that hydroquinone oxidation by MnO<sub>2</sub> initiates a cascade of reactions, altering local pH, calcite dissolution, and precipitating amorphous Mn-oxides, showcasing a complex interplay of chemical processes. Our analysis, combining insights from chemistry and electrical measurements, reveals the oxidation process led to a constant decrease in polarizing surfaces, as indicated by quadrature conductivity monitoring. Furthermore, dynamic shifts in the soil solution chemistry (changes in the calcium and manganese concentrations, pH, and EC) correlated with the non-monotonous behavior of the in-phase conductivity. Our findings conclusively demonstrate that the noninvasive electrical method allows real-time monitoring of calcite dissolution, serving as a direct cursor to the oxidation process of hydroquinone, enabling the observation of soil surface processes, and chemical interactions.","PeriodicalId":48610,"journal":{"name":"Soil","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142021891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.5194/soil-10-567-2024
Jungyu Choi, Roy van Beek, Elizabeth L. Chamberlain, Tony Reimann, Harm Smeenge, Annika van Oorschot, Jakob Wallinga
Abstract. Plaggic anthrosols demonstrate the significant and widespread influence of agriculture on the landscape of northern Europe and testify to increased land-use intensity over the last millennium. However, a lack of established chronologic methods to interrogate these soils has hindered research on their formation history, so the timing and process of plaggic anthrosol development remain poorly quantified. Recently, luminescence dating methods have emerged as a tool for tracing the past movement of grains, including within the soil column. This study combines two primary luminescence methods – single-grain feldspar infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) along with post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence (pIRIR) measurements and small-aliquot (or multi-grain) quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) – to reconstruct the formation of a plaggic anthrosol at Braakmankamp (eastern Netherlands). Toward this aim, we present a new method to identify well-bleached single grains of feldspar using the ratio of the grain's IRSL and pIRIR signals as a filter. The results provide both methodological and applied archaeological insights. Both small-aliquot quartz OSL and single-grain feldspar pIRIR ages yield reliable ages for plaggen deposits when the new filtering approach is used to remove poorly bleached feldspar grains from the analysis. Single-grain pIRIR feldspar has the added benefit of revealing complex soil formation histories for naturally bioturbated deposits, including those at the base of the plaggen layer. Augmenting this information with conventional quartz OSL dating builds confidence in the geo-chronologic record and allows us to reconstruct the timing and processes of plaggic anthrosol formation in Braakmankamp. According to the luminescence dating results, land clearance occurred around 900–1000 years ago, and accumulation of plaggen material began around 700–800 years ago. The average accumulation rate of plaggen material is estimated at ∼ 1.1 mm yr−1.
{"title":"Luminescence dating approaches to reconstruct the formation of plaggic anthrosols","authors":"Jungyu Choi, Roy van Beek, Elizabeth L. Chamberlain, Tony Reimann, Harm Smeenge, Annika van Oorschot, Jakob Wallinga","doi":"10.5194/soil-10-567-2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-567-2024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Plaggic anthrosols demonstrate the significant and widespread influence of agriculture on the landscape of northern Europe and testify to increased land-use intensity over the last millennium. However, a lack of established chronologic methods to interrogate these soils has hindered research on their formation history, so the timing and process of plaggic anthrosol development remain poorly quantified. Recently, luminescence dating methods have emerged as a tool for tracing the past movement of grains, including within the soil column. This study combines two primary luminescence methods – single-grain feldspar infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) along with post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence (pIRIR) measurements and small-aliquot (or multi-grain) quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) – to reconstruct the formation of a plaggic anthrosol at Braakmankamp (eastern Netherlands). Toward this aim, we present a new method to identify well-bleached single grains of feldspar using the ratio of the grain's IRSL and pIRIR signals as a filter. The results provide both methodological and applied archaeological insights. Both small-aliquot quartz OSL and single-grain feldspar pIRIR ages yield reliable ages for plaggen deposits when the new filtering approach is used to remove poorly bleached feldspar grains from the analysis. Single-grain pIRIR feldspar has the added benefit of revealing complex soil formation histories for naturally bioturbated deposits, including those at the base of the plaggen layer. Augmenting this information with conventional quartz OSL dating builds confidence in the geo-chronologic record and allows us to reconstruct the timing and processes of plaggic anthrosol formation in Braakmankamp. According to the luminescence dating results, land clearance occurred around 900–1000 years ago, and accumulation of plaggen material began around 700–800 years ago. The average accumulation rate of plaggen material is estimated at ∼ 1.1 mm yr−1.","PeriodicalId":48610,"journal":{"name":"Soil","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142021890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-19DOI: 10.5194/soil-10-551-2024
Mary-Cathrine Leewis, Christopher Kasanke, Ondrej Uhlik, Mary Beth Leigh
Abstract. Phytoremediation can be a cost-effective method of restoring contaminated soils using plants and associated microorganisms. Most studies follow the impacts of phytoremediation solely across the treatment period and have not explored long-term ecological effects. In 1995, a phytoremediation study was initiated near Fairbanks, Alaska, to determine how the introduction of annual grasses and/or fertilizer would influence degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs). After 1 year, grass and/or fertilizer-treated soils showed greater decreases in PHC concentrations compared to untreated plots. The site was then left for 15 years with no active site management. In 2011, we re-examined the site to explore the legacy of phytoremediation on contaminant disappearance, as well as on plant and soil microbial ecology. We found that the recruited vegetation and the current bulk soil microbial community structure and functioning were all heavily influenced by initial phytoremediation treatment. The number of diesel-degrading microorganisms (DDMs) was positively correlated with the percentage cover of vegetation at the site, which was influenced by initial treatment. Even 15 years later, the initial use of fertilizer had significant effects on microbial biomass, community structure, and activity. We conclude that phytoremediation treatment has long-term, legacy effects on the plant community, which, in turn, impact microbial community structure and functioning. It is therefore important to consider phytoremediation strategies that not only influence site remediation rates in the short-term but also prime the site for the restoration of vegetation over the long-term.
{"title":"Long-term legacy of phytoremediation on plant succession and soil microbial communities in petroleum-contaminated sub-Arctic soils","authors":"Mary-Cathrine Leewis, Christopher Kasanke, Ondrej Uhlik, Mary Beth Leigh","doi":"10.5194/soil-10-551-2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-551-2024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Phytoremediation can be a cost-effective method of restoring contaminated soils using plants and associated microorganisms. Most studies follow the impacts of phytoremediation solely across the treatment period and have not explored long-term ecological effects. In 1995, a phytoremediation study was initiated near Fairbanks, Alaska, to determine how the introduction of annual grasses and/or fertilizer would influence degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs). After 1 year, grass and/or fertilizer-treated soils showed greater decreases in PHC concentrations compared to untreated plots. The site was then left for 15 years with no active site management. In 2011, we re-examined the site to explore the legacy of phytoremediation on contaminant disappearance, as well as on plant and soil microbial ecology. We found that the recruited vegetation and the current bulk soil microbial community structure and functioning were all heavily influenced by initial phytoremediation treatment. The number of diesel-degrading microorganisms (DDMs) was positively correlated with the percentage cover of vegetation at the site, which was influenced by initial treatment. Even 15 years later, the initial use of fertilizer had significant effects on microbial biomass, community structure, and activity. We conclude that phytoremediation treatment has long-term, legacy effects on the plant community, which, in turn, impact microbial community structure and functioning. It is therefore important to consider phytoremediation strategies that not only influence site remediation rates in the short-term but also prime the site for the restoration of vegetation over the long-term.","PeriodicalId":48610,"journal":{"name":"Soil","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142002817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：