ChemBioEng Reviews最新文献

Oil Refinery, Chemical & Petrochemical plant. Copyright: zorazhuang

The contamination of water with heavy metals like arsenic, cadmium, nickel, zinc, lead, and cobalt presents a pressing and formidable challenge for numerous countries. The surge in industrial activities has exacerbated the pollution of freshwater sources, resulting in an alarming escalation of toxic metal concentrations in lakes, rivers, and underground water reservoirs. Consequently, millions of individuals in developing nations face significant health risks associated with heavy metal exposure. Compounding this issue is the limited accessibility to advanced water treatment methods, intensifying the gravity of the situation. Extensive research efforts have been dedicated to investigating low-cost adsorbents derived from waste materials. It has been observed that the complete removal of heavy metals can be obtained using waste materials like eggshells, neem leaves, red mud, and black tea waste. The objective is to enhance the efficacy of heavy metal removal from water by employing modified waste materials as effective adsorbents. In this comprehensive review, concise and in-depth information about the utilization of readily available waste materials is provided, including black tea waste, fruit peels, vegetable peels, sawdust, and other similar resources. This review emphasizes the kinetics and mechanisms involved in removing heavy metals. Additionally, the factors that impact the efficiency and extent of heavy metal removal in different waste materials have also been discussed.

A phase change material is an ideal energy storage material with huge latent heat and nearly constant phase change temperature, but there are serious problems in application such as leakage and low thermal conductivity. Porous ceramic matrixes are widely used in phase change material packaging because of their controllable porosity, large specific surface area, and high thermal conductivity. This paper introduces the preparation of porous ceramics and encapsulation of form-stable phase change materials (FSPCMs) based on porous ceramics, thermal conductivity enhancement and other aspects of the comb, in addition, the applications of porous ceramic-based FSPCMs in industrial waste heat recovery, temperature regulation of buildings, solar energy collection and storage, and battery thermal management system are summarized, in order to provide reference for the performance optimization of porous ceramic-based FSPCMs and explore new preparation methods, finally, the challenges and future development of the FSPCMS are summarized. Porous ceramic-based FSPCMs are expected to make major breakthroughs in the future to solve the increasingly serious energy problems.

The Physico-chemical characteristics are inherent properties of fuel and their behaviour changes in different gasification conditions. The critical properties of the coal impede the gasifier's performance, and hence, a proper study is needed to develop and further enhance the gasification systems. A proper assessment of factors influencing gasifier performance and their optimization enables to select, alter, and adjust the conditions. The present paper reviews the effect of important coal properties and gasifier operating conditions on gasification performance parameters. Further, the suitability of gasifiers (moving bed, fluidized bed, and entrained flow) according to the physico-chemical properties of fuel along with proper operating parameters has also been studied.

The current non-circular and non-regenerative approaches to farm dairy waste management have spurred a search for alternatives. Anaerobic digestion of the waste to collect biogas and digestate products is an option with significant potential for reducing the farm's environmental footprint and generating additional revenue. Although much research exists on the anaerobic digestion of dairy manure, there is a lack of detailed understanding of the challenges faced with farm dairy effluent (FDE). In addition, most existing studies lack key data, such as the on-farm process cost. Therefore, the main aim of this review is to highlight these challenges and offer new insights into possible state-of-the-art solutions The conventional methods of FDE disposal are critically compared to anaerobic digestion for economic, environmental, and technical feasibility. The paper also extends into a case study where a preliminary techno-economic assessment showed that in New Zealand, $2.3 million would be required to set up a farm anaerobic digestion plant with a 900-cow capacity. This information can aid decision-making on policies for farm technologies.

A surge of research into renewable foams has yielded an array of high-performance polymeric materials, many of which exhibit promising properties for next generation thermal insulating materials. Biobased materials are of particular interest, due to growing concerns towards enhancing the circular economy while reducing fossil fuel dependency in the construction industry. This review outlines recent developments in biobased foams based on biobased polyurethanes (BPU), biobased phenol formaldehyde (BPF) and cellulose nanofibers (CNF) foams. These three areas of polymers are of particular interest due to their early stage of market adoption, yet significant industrial potential. As our focus is on construction materials, we will review their thermal, mechanical, and fire-retardant performance, their synthesis/fabrication methods and future prospects. Improving the scalability, reproducibility and cost-effectiveness of their production is vital for successful commercialization adoption.

As the cleanest fossil fuel, natural gas plays a key role in the path towards renewables. Considering the increasing gas demand, rich CO₂ and H₂S gas reserves, in the past considered economically unviable, are becoming fruitful. However, the non-conventional nature of this kind of gases, in addition to the potentially higher production cost, raises the need of new strategies for their monetization, bypassing the conventional approaches. Starting from the huge number of novel large-scale projects for the exploitation of rich-H₂S gas fields, this paper overviews the current tendencies in sour and ultra-sour natural gas production, focusing on the removal of sulfur-based compounds, together with H₂S and CO₂. At first, available technologies for ultra-sour gas treatment are discussed. Then, simulations of the absorption processes based on a real case-study are carried out, in order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed alternatives for the removal of mercaptans, as well as CO₂ and H₂S. Results are critically analyzed, in view of providing a practical guide of industrial interest for the selection of the most suitable method.

Owing to the unique properties such as pristine interfaces, ultra-thin and uniform thickness, 2D nanomaterials have attracted the attention from many researchers. Particularly, rGO and MXene 2D nanomaterials have received intense research interest in the application of gas sensors due to their high electrical conductivity. The coating of these 2D nanomaterials onto plastic, paper or textile substrate formed flexible, stretchable and portable gas sensors as an alternative to the conventional rigid gas sensors. To date, numerous research works on flexible gas sensors using either graphene or MXene have been published. However, the reported data is scattered and varied by multiple factors. In this short review, we revisit the advances in the current application of 2D conductive nanomaterials (mainly rGO and MXene) and their nanocomposites with metal oxides on flexible gas sensors. We focus on recent developments regarding the working mechanism, advantages, disadvantages, and performances (including gas response, selectivity, response time, and recovery time) of each type of gas sensor. Finally, this short review sheds light on future directions and prospects in the field of flexible gas sensors using 2D nanomaterials.