ChemBioEng Reviews最新文献

Despite advances in cancer treatment, many types of cancer still have high mortality rates, and the existing therapies can cause considerable side effects. Therefore, discovering new therapies, especially ones with fewer side effects, is desirable to improve the outcomes for cancer patients. Ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as potential candidates for cancer treatment because of their particular physicochemical properties, which can be tailored for specific applications. In recent years, interest in exploring the potential of ILs in cancer treatment has been growing, and several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of ILs in inhibiting cancer-cell growth. This review provides insight into the anticancer potential of ILs, exploring the diverse applications and the underlying mechanisms behind the cytotoxicity toward cancer cells of ILs. Understanding the mechanisms behind the cytotoxicity of ILs can aid in the design and optimization of IL-based cancer therapies. By focusing on specific pathways and targets, IL-based cancer therapies may be developed that offer new possibilities for treating this devastating disease.

Oil Refinery, Chemical & Petrochemical plant. Copyright: zorazhuang

Major support for the future energy storage and application will benefit from lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density and high power. LIBs are currently the most common battery type for most applications, but soon a broader range of battery types and higher energy densities will be available. In the near future, hundreds of millions of electric vehicles are expected to be on the road, and a large amount of cobalt will be depleted. Various kinds of batteries are developed today to store energy, including Li-ion, lead-acid, Ni-MH, redox flow, Na-ion, Mg-ion, Li-air, Al-ion, Li/S, NC-based batteries, Al-based batteries, metal-air batteries, solid-state batteries, etc. There are several types of battery components, such as electrodes, electrolytes, separators, etc. Cell chemistry and component diversity will continue to increase with future generations of batteries. Next-generation LIBs and sodium-ion batteries are explored for their ability to reduce active ion loss and increase energy density by pre-lithiation. To maximize the electrochemical system's performance, various scientific and technological approaches are needed to maximize the potential of battery chemistry.

Effects of process parameters like enzyme concentration, concentration and type of substrate, pH, temperature, speed of agitation, and pressure on lipase catalysis are reviewed. The enzyme concentration controls its interfacial presence and consequently the rate of reaction. A change in substrate concentration alters lipase kinetics. Substrate-lipase interaction varies with substrate type and pH. Water concentration and agitation affect the extent of interfacial area. Temperature impacts the rate and thermal denaturation of enzymes. Statistical optimization can solve the problem of controlling a variable's effect by other variables. Immobilization support and nonionic surfactant altered the significance of enzyme concentration. The lipase type controlled the impact of concentrations of enzyme, substrate, and water. The water content was important during lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis and esterification. The mode of agitation influenced the significance of enzyme concentration and temperature. Time had a remarkable impact during hydrolysis. Temperature, substrate type, and chain length notably controlled kinetic parameters. This work paves the way for similar studies on other enzymes.

Biopolymers have gained popularity as an alternative product to traditional plastics due to environmental concerns. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), one of the most well-known forms of biopolymers, are among the many that have been discovered so far. PHA has a wide range of applications, is biodegradable and compatible with living things, but its expensive extraction and production make it difficult to compete with traditional plastics. Solvents are the most popular extraction technique but have serious economic and environmental downsides. The “green method of extraction” has become a cutting-edge remedy for addressing the shortcomings of downstream processing. However, developing the extraction technique for affordable and environmentally friendly biopolymer production is a difficult study topic. To make it easier to choose green recovery techniques for future study, this review combines the benefits and drawbacks of the numerous PHA recovery methods that are already in use. Also, advanced green downstream methods are scrutinized that undoubtedly makes PHA replace conventional plastics and reach a market globally promoting sustainability.

Electrocoagulation (EC) is a well-recognized and feasible treatment technique for wastewater treatment. The process optimization and analysis of process parameters of EC not only aid to scale up the EC process at an industrial level but also help to explore the economic and environmental considerations to achieve higher efficiency. Response surface methodology (RSM) is a prominent chemometric approach for both process optimization and evaluation of different factors for the removal of target pollutants from wastewater. This review provides a thorough examination of notable scholarly works that focus on the use of the RSM in EC for the purpose of wastewater treatment. Furthermore, the current advancements in implementing the RSM approach not only for standalone EC processes but also for the case are described where it is being practiced as a part in the integrating system for wastewater treatment.

Ladle slag is a byproduct formed during the ladle refining stage of steel making. It is a dusty material that has been considered industrial waste. Technical advancements towards a sustainable industry led to the development of different applications for ladle slag. Depending on the processing methods during the steel slag production and the weathering of the slag post-production, the elemental composition of the steel slag largely varies. Owing to this, its characteristics cannot be generalized and specific applications depending on the sources are developed. It is generally used in construction materials, soil rejuvenation, and CO₂ capture. This paper reviews the production process, the mineralogical and morphological properties, stabilization techniques, and the applications of ladle furnace (LF) slag. One of the prime focuses of waste remediation and sustainable industry is to find meaningful ways to turn waste into products. In this respect, a comprehensive review of the properties of LF slag and its current application will help provide a framework for the development of future sustainability goals. With increased slag usage, the ladle refining process of steelmaking can be turned into a more carbon-neutral process.

Dairy processing industries have emerged as the most swiftly evolving sectors with excessive wastewater generation containing proteins, fat, oils, greases (FOGs), etc. As there is rising strain on energy usage and dependence on water resources, sustainable research focuses on reduction in wastewater generation and developing value-added goods. An effective and widely explored sustainable technique for treating wastewater is phytoremediation, a plant-based process. This review aims to analyze phytoremediation as a sustainable alternative for dairy wastewater treatment. It initially briefs about dairy wastewater characteristics and treatment alternatives and discusses constructed wetlands and hydroponic system in detail with mechanism insights and influenced process parameters. Interconnected technologies with phytoremediation and their impact on contaminant transformations, nutrient reuse, and detoxification of pollutants are encompassed. Also, resource recovery and biomass utilization, feedstock enrichment along with the future prospects of integrated hydroponic systems for achieving sustainability with efficient resource recovery are featured.