导电聚合物涂层以其优异的电化学性能，在神经电极领域受到广泛关注。其中，聚（3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩）：聚（苯乙烯磺酸）（PEDOT:PSS）是一个典型的代表。然而，这些导电聚合物涂层对铂铱等常用电极材料的附着力弱，严重制约了其实际应用。为了克服这一挑战，本研究探索了利用飞秒激光制备层级铂铱基底来增强PEDOT:PSS涂层的粘附稳定性。通过重复循环伏安测试和加速老化测试，评价光滑铂铱和层级铂铱基底上滴铸及电化学沉积两种方式制备的PEDOT:PSS涂层的稳定性。结果表明，经过2000次重复循环伏安扫描或在60 °C下老化五周后，层级铂铱基底表面的涂层形貌和电化学性能保持相对稳定；相比之下，光滑铂铱基底表面的PEDOT:PSS涂层出现了分层、开裂，并表现出电荷存储能力的降低和阻抗的升高。综上，采用飞秒激光制备层级结构可以显著增强铂铱神经电极表面PEDOT:PSS涂层的稳定性，这为提高电极电化学性能、开发多模态神经电极提供了巨大的潜力。
Point-of-care testing (POCT) is the practice of diagnosing and monitoring diseases where the patient is located, as opposed to traditional treatment conducted solely in a medical laboratory or other clinical setting. POCT has been less common in the recent past due to a lack of portable medical devices capable of facilitating effective medical testing. However, recent growth has occurred in this field due to advances in diagnostic technologies, device miniaturization, and progress in wearable electronics. Among these developments, electrochemical sensors have attracted interest in the POCT field due to their high sensitivity, compact size, and affordability. They are used in various applications, from disease diagnosis to health status monitoring. In this paper we explore recent advancements in electrochemical sensors, the methods of fabricating them, and the various types of sensing mechanisms that can be used. Furthermore, we delve into methods for immobilizing specific biorecognition elements, including enzymes, antibodies, and aptamers, onto electrode surfaces and how these sensors are used in real-world POCT settings.
Recently, the increasing interest in wearable technology for personal healthcare and smart virtual/augmented reality applications has led to the development of facile fabrication methods. Lasers have long been used to develop original solutions to such challenging technological problems due to their remote, sterile, rapid, and site-selective processing of materials. In this review, recent developments in relevant laser processes are summarized under two separate categories. First, transformative approaches, such as for laser-induced graphene, are introduced. In addition to design optimization and the alteration of a native substrate, the latest advances under a transformative approach now enable more complex material compositions and multilayer device configurations through the simultaneous transformation of heterogeneous precursors, or the sequential addition of functional layers coupled with other electronic elements. In addition, the more conventional laser techniques, such as ablation, sintering, and synthesis, can still be used to enhance the functionality of an entire system through the expansion of applicable materials and the adoption of new mechanisms. Later, various wearable device components developed through the corresponding laser processes are discussed, with an emphasis on chemical/physical sensors and energy devices. In addition, special attention is given to applications that use multiple laser sources or processes, which lay the foundation for the all-laser fabrication of wearable devices.
Wearable biosensors have received great interest as patient-friendly diagnostic technologies because of their high flexibility and conformability. The growing research and utilization of novel materials in designing wearable biosensors have accelerated the development of point-of-care sensing platforms and implantable biomedical devices in human health care. Among numerous potential materials, conjugated polymers (CPs) are emerging as ideal choices for constructing high-performance wearable biosensors because of their outstanding conductive and mechanical properties. Recently, CPs have been extensively incorporated into various wearable biosensors to monitor a range of target biomolecules. However, fabricating highly reliable CP-based wearable biosensors for practical applications remains a significant challenge, necessitating novel developmental strategies for enhancing the viability of such biosensors. Accordingly, this review aims to provide consolidated scientific evidence by summarizing and evaluating recent studies focused on designing and fabricating CP-based wearable biosensors, thereby facilitating future research. Emphasizing the superior properties and benefits of CPs, this review aims to clarify their potential applicability within this field. Furthermore, the fundamentals and main components of CP-based wearable biosensors and their sensing mechanisms are discussed in detail. The recent advancements in CP nanostructures and hybridizations for improved sensing performance, along with recent innovations in next-generation wearable biosensors are highlighted. CP-based wearable biosensors have been—and will continue to be—an ideal platform for developing effective and user-friendly diagnostic technologies for human health monitoring.
在辅助生殖过程中，选择活力强且功能完好的精子是确保胚胎发育成功的关键步骤。传统的精子样本处理方法，如离心和洗涤，可能引入机械损伤和氧化应激，影响精子质量。尽管微流控技术通过模拟精子自然游动方式以减少这些不利影响，但现有方法尚未经过临床级别的全面验证。受自然环境下输卵管中精子选择机制以及精子对温度梯度的内在响应特性的启发，我们设计并制造了一种微流控装置，该装置在精子分选通道内形成可控的温度梯度。我们系统地研究了人类精子在不同温度条件下的响应，并全面评估了45份人类精子样本通过趋温性选择的效果。研究结果表明，在35~36.5 ℃的温度范围内，与非趋温性选择相比，通过趋温性选择的精子展现出更高的活率（（85.25±6.28）% vs.（60.72±1.37）%；P=0.0484），更高的正常形态率（（16.42±1.43）% vs.（12.55±0.88）%；P<0.0001），以及更低的DNA碎片率（（7.44±0.79）% vs.（10.36±0.72）%；P=0.0485）。此外，精子趋温性表现出物种特异性，小鼠精子在36~37.5 ℃的温度范围内活力最高。体外受精实验进一步证实，利用趋温性选择的精子显著提高了受精率，并改善了从受精卵到囊胚的胚胎发育过程。本研究提出并验证了一种基于微流控技术的趋温性精子选择方法。该方法不仅能够有效选择高活力和功能完好的精子，而且能够降低传统处理方法可能带来的不利影响。这一创新方法有望在未来转化为临床实践，特别是在少精子症和弱精子症患者的体外受精治疗中，以提高受精率和胚胎发育的成功率。
Wearable bioelectronic devices have the capacity for real-time human health monitoring, the provision of tailored services, and natural interaction with smart devices. However, these wearable bioelectronic devices rely on conventional rigid batteries that are frequently charged or replaced and are incompatible with the skin, leading to a discontinuity in complex therapeutic tasks related to human health monitoring and human–machine interaction. Stretchable triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a high-efficiency energy harvesting technology that converts mechanical into electrical energy, effectively powering wearable bioelectronic devices. This study comprehensively overviews recent advances in stretchable TENG for use in wearable bioelectronic devices. The working mechanism of stretchable TENG is initially explained. A comprehensive discussion presents the approaches for fabricating stretchable TENG, including the design of stretchable structures and the selection of stretchable materials. Furthermore, applications of wearable bioelectronic devices based on stretchable TENG in human health monitoring (body movements, pulse, and respiration) and human–machine interaction (touch panels, machine control, and virtual reality) are introduced. Ultimately, the challenges and developmental trends regarding wearable bioelectronic devices based on stretchable TENG are elaborated.
The application of thermoelectric devices (TEDs) for personalized thermoregulation is attractive for saving energy while balancing the quality of life. TEDs that directly attach to human skin remarkably minimized the energy wasted for cooling the entire environment. However, facing the extreme dynamic geometry change and strain of human skin, conventional TEDs cannot align with the contour of our bodies for the best thermoregulation effect. Hence, we designed a kirigami-based wearable TED with excellent water vapor permeability, flexibility, and conformability. Numerical analysis and experimental results reveal that our product can withstand various types of large mechanical deformation without circuit rupture. The stated outcome and proposed facile approach not only reinforce the development of wearable TEDs but also offer an innovative opportunity for different electronics that require high conformability.
Jetting-based bioprinting facilitates contactless drop-on-demand deposition of subnanoliter droplets at well-defined positions to control the spatial arrangement of cells, growth factors, drugs, and biomaterials in a highly automated layer-by-layer fabrication approach. Due to its immense versatility, jetting-based bioprinting has been used for various applications, including tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, wound healing, and drug development. A lack of in-depth understanding exists in the processes that occur during jetting-based bioprinting. This review paper will comprehensively discuss the physical considerations for bioinks and printing conditions used in jetting-based bioprinting. We first present an overview of different jetting-based bioprinting techniques such as inkjet bioprinting, laser-induced forward transfer bioprinting, electrohydrodynamic jet bioprinting, acoustic bioprinting and microvalve bioprinting. Next, we provide an in-depth discussion of various considerations for bioink formulation relating to cell deposition, print chamber design, droplet formation and droplet impact. Finally, we highlight recent accomplishments in jetting-based bioprinting. We present the advantages and challenges of each method, discuss considerations relating to cell viability and protein stability, and conclude by providing insights into future directions of jetting-based bioprinting.
皮质电极是刺激和/或记录神经系统电活动的有力工具. 然而, 外科植入电极所导致的不可避免的伤口带来了与外源性物质暴露相关的细菌感染和炎症反应风险. 此外, 伤口区域的炎症可能会因细菌感染而急剧恶化. 这些后果不仅可能导致皮质电极植入失败, 还可能威胁患者生命. 在此, 我们制备了负载抗生素四环素 (TC) 和抗炎药物地塞米松 (DEX) 的细菌纤维素 (BC) 水凝胶, 并将其作为皮质电极的柔性基底. 负载的药物可以从BC水凝胶中缓慢释放, 有效抑制革兰阴性和阳性细菌的生长. 进一步地, 通过将负载药物的BC水凝胶与九通道蛇形阵列集成, 开发了治疗性皮质电极, 并将其用于在大鼠模型中记录皮层脑电图 (ECoG) 信号. 由于TC和DEX可从BC水凝胶基底缓慢释放, 治疗性皮质电极可缓解或预防与大脑组织的细菌感染和炎症相关的症状. 该方法有助于药物递送电极的开发, 以解决由于植入电极所导致的并发症等问题.
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：