The development of e-commerce in Azerbaijan has been influenced by the significant impact of innovation and information and communication technology (ICT). The widespread availability of technology, secure online payment systems, e-commerce platforms, and logistics and delivery innovations have all contributed to the growth and success of e-commerce in the country. The emergence of local payment systems and the availability of global e-commerce platforms have made it easier for businesses to reach a wider audience, while consumers have been able to access a greater range of products and enjoy the convenience of online shopping. However, there is still potential for further growth and development in areas such as online security and consumer protection. This paper discusses the impact of innovation and information and communication technology (ICT) on the development of e-commerce in Azerbaijan. The widespread availability of technology, secure online payment systems, and the emergence of e-commerce platforms have made it easier for businesses in Azerbaijan to reach a global audience and for consumers to access a wide range of products from around the world. Innovations in logistics and delivery have also made it easier and more convenient for consumers to shop online and receive their purchases quickly. While the impact of innovation and ICT has been significant in creating a thriving e-commerce ecosystem in Azerbaijan, there is still room for further growth and development, particularly in the areas of online security and consumer protection.
{"title":"Impact of Innovation and Information Communication Technologies on the Development of e-Commerce in Azerbaijan","authors":"Farhad Rahmanov, Elchin Suleymanov, Khayala Ibrahimova","doi":"10.36880/c15.02761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c15.02761","url":null,"abstract":"The development of e-commerce in Azerbaijan has been influenced by the significant impact of innovation and information and communication technology (ICT). The widespread availability of technology, secure online payment systems, e-commerce platforms, and logistics and delivery innovations have all contributed to the growth and success of e-commerce in the country. The emergence of local payment systems and the availability of global e-commerce platforms have made it easier for businesses to reach a wider audience, while consumers have been able to access a greater range of products and enjoy the convenience of online shopping. However, there is still potential for further growth and development in areas such as online security and consumer protection. This paper discusses the impact of innovation and information and communication technology (ICT) on the development of e-commerce in Azerbaijan. The widespread availability of technology, secure online payment systems, and the emergence of e-commerce platforms have made it easier for businesses in Azerbaijan to reach a global audience and for consumers to access a wide range of products from around the world. Innovations in logistics and delivery have also made it easier and more convenient for consumers to shop online and receive their purchases quickly. While the impact of innovation and ICT has been significant in creating a thriving e-commerce ecosystem in Azerbaijan, there is still room for further growth and development, particularly in the areas of online security and consumer protection.","PeriodicalId":486868,"journal":{"name":"Uluslararası Avrasya ekonomileri konferansı","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135737376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hasan Sadık Tatlı, Melih Sefa Yavuz, Gökten Öngel, Gözde Bozkurt
Today, the Upper Echelon and Power theories are widely used to explain firm performance. These theories relate the size of top management and the power of managers (especially the CEO) to firm performance. However, no research has been found in the Turkish literature examining how senior management structure and CEO power affect firm performance. The aim of the study was determined as "detection of the effect of the structure of the board of directors and the characteristics of the CEO on the financial performance of the companies". In the research, a data set was created by considering the tenure of CEOs (7 years and above) in companies traded in the Borsa Istanbul 100 Index. The research data set includes 16 companies covering the period between 2016-2022, and the variables were obtained from the Thomson Reuters Eikon database. The dependent variables of the research are ROA, ROE and Tobin's Q, and the independent variables are CEO age, CEO duality, number of CEO titles, board size and board independence. Data were analyzed by the panel data analysis method. According to the research findings, CEO duality Tobin's Q, CEO age has a negative effect on ROA. Board size and CEO age have a positive effect on ROE. The number of titles held by the CEO and the board of directors' independence does not significantly affect firm performance. Research findings are important in showing the effect of board structure and CEO characteristics on firm performance.
今天，上层梯队理论和权力理论被广泛用于解释企业绩效。这些理论将高层管理人员的规模和管理者(尤其是CEO)的权力与公司绩效联系起来。然而，在土耳其文献中没有发现研究高层管理结构和CEO权力如何影响公司绩效。该研究的目的被确定为“检测董事会结构和CEO特征对公司财务绩效的影响”。在研究中，通过考虑Borsa Istanbul 100指数上市公司的首席执行官任期(7年及以上)创建了一个数据集。研究数据集包括16家公司，涵盖2016-2022年期间，变量来自汤森路透Eikon数据库。本研究的因变量是ROA、ROE和Tobin’s Q，自变量是CEO年龄、CEO二元性、CEO头衔数量、董事会规模和董事会独立性。采用面板数据分析法对数据进行分析。研究发现，CEO二元托宾Q值、CEO年龄对ROA有负向影响。董事会规模和CEO年龄对净资产收益率有正向影响。CEO职务数量和董事会独立性对公司绩效影响不显著。研究结果对于揭示董事会结构和CEO特征对公司绩效的影响具有重要意义。
{"title":"Board Structure and CEO Characteristics as Determinants of Firm Performance: An Analysis on BIST 100 Firms","authors":"Hasan Sadık Tatlı, Melih Sefa Yavuz, Gökten Öngel, Gözde Bozkurt","doi":"10.36880/c15.02859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c15.02859","url":null,"abstract":"Today, the Upper Echelon and Power theories are widely used to explain firm performance. These theories relate the size of top management and the power of managers (especially the CEO) to firm performance. However, no research has been found in the Turkish literature examining how senior management structure and CEO power affect firm performance. The aim of the study was determined as \"detection of the effect of the structure of the board of directors and the characteristics of the CEO on the financial performance of the companies\". In the research, a data set was created by considering the tenure of CEOs (7 years and above) in companies traded in the Borsa Istanbul 100 Index. The research data set includes 16 companies covering the period between 2016-2022, and the variables were obtained from the Thomson Reuters Eikon database. The dependent variables of the research are ROA, ROE and Tobin's Q, and the independent variables are CEO age, CEO duality, number of CEO titles, board size and board independence. Data were analyzed by the panel data analysis method. According to the research findings, CEO duality Tobin's Q, CEO age has a negative effect on ROA. Board size and CEO age have a positive effect on ROE. The number of titles held by the CEO and the board of directors' independence does not significantly affect firm performance. Research findings are important in showing the effect of board structure and CEO characteristics on firm performance.","PeriodicalId":486868,"journal":{"name":"Uluslararası Avrasya ekonomileri konferansı","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135737389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After gaining its independence, Bulgaria was ruled first by the Kingdom, and after the Second World War, by Communism. After 1990, it switched to democracy and capitalist economy. In these periods, how the cooperatives were implemented in Bulgaria was examined and the success situation was analyzed. In the planned economy of communism, agriculture passed to cooperatives completely under state control. Ownership of land and means of production is limited by the constitution. After 1990, there has been a radical restructuring in the agricultural sector. Collective farms were disbanded and property rights in the lands were returned to their beneficiaries according to the new constitution.
As a method, the comparative practices of Bulgarian economy and cooperatives in the transition periods were examined. The evolution of the agricultural policy in the Kingdom into cooperatives, the example of the understanding of cooperatives in the Soviet Union during the communist era, and the compatibility of the Western states with the free market economy in the transition to democracy were analyzed. In this context, articles and books written in Turkish, English and Bulgarian were examined and the literature on the subject was searched.
Cooperatives, which aimed to develop peasants and agriculture during the Kingdom period, became state-led during the socialism period, and unfortunately lost their fighting power after 1990, especially after the 1996/1997 crisis. Today, the main challenge for Bulgaria as an EU member is to reassess the role cooperatives can play in economic and social development through self-organization, self-help and solidarity among people.
{"title":"Cooperatives In Bulgaria In Transitional Periods","authors":"Meliha Çetin","doi":"10.36880/c15.02755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c15.02755","url":null,"abstract":"After gaining its independence, Bulgaria was ruled first by the Kingdom, and after the Second World War, by Communism. After 1990, it switched to democracy and capitalist economy. In these periods, how the cooperatives were implemented in Bulgaria was examined and the success situation was analyzed. In the planned economy of communism, agriculture passed to cooperatives completely under state control. Ownership of land and means of production is limited by the constitution. After 1990, there has been a radical restructuring in the agricultural sector. Collective farms were disbanded and property rights in the lands were returned to their beneficiaries according to the new constitution.
 As a method, the comparative practices of Bulgarian economy and cooperatives in the transition periods were examined. The evolution of the agricultural policy in the Kingdom into cooperatives, the example of the understanding of cooperatives in the Soviet Union during the communist era, and the compatibility of the Western states with the free market economy in the transition to democracy were analyzed. In this context, articles and books written in Turkish, English and Bulgarian were examined and the literature on the subject was searched.
 Cooperatives, which aimed to develop peasants and agriculture during the Kingdom period, became state-led during the socialism period, and unfortunately lost their fighting power after 1990, especially after the 1996/1997 crisis. Today, the main challenge for Bulgaria as an EU member is to reassess the role cooperatives can play in economic and social development through self-organization, self-help and solidarity among people.
","PeriodicalId":486868,"journal":{"name":"Uluslararası Avrasya ekonomileri konferansı","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135737330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The foreign trade balance in the economy of Türkiye is negative. This negative situation in the current account balance and the loss of foreign currency are reduced by tourism income. The foreign trade deficit in the first quarter of 2023 is approximately 35 billion USD. In 2022, foreign trade deficit of approximately 110 billion USD and tourism income of 46 billion USD was realized. With all the constraints in the supply of tourism goods and services in our country, the aim of the simplex algorithm method is to present more tourism income, more profit margin and high value-added products to the tourism market. The data set is taken from TUIK producer price indices. Accommodation sector capacities are taken from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism's Facility Statistics data. The application of the optimum decision-making process in multivariate problems based on empirical findings and linear programming tools used in the article. Profit maximization in tourism goods and services is calculated with the simplex algorithm method. David Ricardo examined foreign trade in the Theory of Comparative Advantage, considering that foreign active tourism, touristic goods and services are sold to foreigners in the country, this economic theory can also be used for the tourism sector if an approach is made in this way. This study aims to contribute to a scientific growth vision approach with the increase in the sales volume of touristic goods and services with high added value in the tourism sector, which has an opportunity cost advantage.
{"title":"The Vision of Growth with High Value-Added Products in the Tourism Sector of Turkey with the Approach of Comparative Advantage Theory","authors":"Mehmet Tevfik İzgi","doi":"10.36880/c15.02799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c15.02799","url":null,"abstract":"The foreign trade balance in the economy of Türkiye is negative. This negative situation in the current account balance and the loss of foreign currency are reduced by tourism income. The foreign trade deficit in the first quarter of 2023 is approximately 35 billion USD. In 2022, foreign trade deficit of approximately 110 billion USD and tourism income of 46 billion USD was realized. With all the constraints in the supply of tourism goods and services in our country, the aim of the simplex algorithm method is to present more tourism income, more profit margin and high value-added products to the tourism market. The data set is taken from TUIK producer price indices. Accommodation sector capacities are taken from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism's Facility Statistics data. The application of the optimum decision-making process in multivariate problems based on empirical findings and linear programming tools used in the article. Profit maximization in tourism goods and services is calculated with the simplex algorithm method. David Ricardo examined foreign trade in the Theory of Comparative Advantage, considering that foreign active tourism, touristic goods and services are sold to foreigners in the country, this economic theory can also be used for the tourism sector if an approach is made in this way. This study aims to contribute to a scientific growth vision approach with the increase in the sales volume of touristic goods and services with high added value in the tourism sector, which has an opportunity cost advantage.","PeriodicalId":486868,"journal":{"name":"Uluslararası Avrasya ekonomileri konferansı","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135737336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：