Studies on entrepreneurship have long assumed that male and female entrepreneurs are similar. For this reason, the majority of these studies are criticized as gender blind. However, studies in recent years reveal that there are differences between male and female entrepreneurs on many issues such as access to resources, social and cultural pressures, motivation, access to education, roles and expectations that are formed and internalized by the society, especially due to the patriarchal structure. Therefore, it is important to consider women entrepreneurship separately. Women entrepreneurship, which is mostly handled from a neo-liberal perspective, causes social changes such as empowerment and awareness of women, awareness and elimination of gender inequality, as well as economic outcomes. With this approach, the study examines women entrepreneurs operating in the tourism sector, who received the "women entrepreneur award that makes a difference" given by various foundations and banks to support entrepreneurship in Turkey. The aim of the study is to evaluate the important roles played by women entrepreneurs, who are considered as idle labor force, in the development of the national and regional economy. In the study, the observable and measurable values and differences created by women entrepreneurs in the social and cultural structure through their role as "change agents", which have been ignored until now, are revealed. The study emphasizes the necessity of policies to further support women's entrepreneurship for social development.
{"title":"Women Entrepreneurs Making a Difference in the Tourism Sector","authors":"G. Aslı Pektaş, Hülya Kurgun","doi":"10.36880/c15.02831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c15.02831","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on entrepreneurship have long assumed that male and female entrepreneurs are similar. For this reason, the majority of these studies are criticized as gender blind. However, studies in recent years reveal that there are differences between male and female entrepreneurs on many issues such as access to resources, social and cultural pressures, motivation, access to education, roles and expectations that are formed and internalized by the society, especially due to the patriarchal structure. Therefore, it is important to consider women entrepreneurship separately. Women entrepreneurship, which is mostly handled from a neo-liberal perspective, causes social changes such as empowerment and awareness of women, awareness and elimination of gender inequality, as well as economic outcomes. With this approach, the study examines women entrepreneurs operating in the tourism sector, who received the \"women entrepreneur award that makes a difference\" given by various foundations and banks to support entrepreneurship in Turkey. The aim of the study is to evaluate the important roles played by women entrepreneurs, who are considered as idle labor force, in the development of the national and regional economy. In the study, the observable and measurable values and differences created by women entrepreneurs in the social and cultural structure through their role as \"change agents\", which have been ignored until now, are revealed. The study emphasizes the necessity of policies to further support women's entrepreneurship for social development.","PeriodicalId":486868,"journal":{"name":"Uluslararası Avrasya ekonomileri konferansı","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Globalization is defined as the exchange of human capital, technology, and culture, along with many other economic, financial, and cultural factors, between countries, and it is regarded as a significant determinant of labor market dynamics and integration. Some studies in the labor economics literature suggest that as the borders between countries close as a result of globalization, the number of employment opportunities available to women increases. This, in turn, might result in releasing restrictions on female employment and leading to reductions in the wage gap among female workers, especially between developing and developed countries. However, other studies indicate that the impact of globalization on female employment during the globalization process remains negative. The principal objective of this study is to decide whether a country's globalization index has impeded female employment in transition countries. The majority of transition countries are associated with developing economies. A panel dataset of the selected 21 transition countries from 1995 to 2017 is employed in the analysis. The results of the Cross-Sectionally Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (CS-ARDL) indicate that globalization is negatively associated with female employment for the selected transition countries. Thus, globalization might create obstacles among female workers unless policymakers provide optimal policies to keep the labor market dynamics stable during the globalization process.
{"title":"The Impact of Globalization on Female Employment: Econometric Evidence for the Selected Transition Countries","authors":"Ebru Çağlayan Akay, Merve Ertok Onurlu, Zamira Oskonbaeva","doi":"10.36880/c15.02785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c15.02785","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization is defined as the exchange of human capital, technology, and culture, along with many other economic, financial, and cultural factors, between countries, and it is regarded as a significant determinant of labor market dynamics and integration. Some studies in the labor economics literature suggest that as the borders between countries close as a result of globalization, the number of employment opportunities available to women increases. This, in turn, might result in releasing restrictions on female employment and leading to reductions in the wage gap among female workers, especially between developing and developed countries. However, other studies indicate that the impact of globalization on female employment during the globalization process remains negative. The principal objective of this study is to decide whether a country's globalization index has impeded female employment in transition countries. The majority of transition countries are associated with developing economies. A panel dataset of the selected 21 transition countries from 1995 to 2017 is employed in the analysis. The results of the Cross-Sectionally Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (CS-ARDL) indicate that globalization is negatively associated with female employment for the selected transition countries. Thus, globalization might create obstacles among female workers unless policymakers provide optimal policies to keep the labor market dynamics stable during the globalization process.","PeriodicalId":486868,"journal":{"name":"Uluslararası Avrasya ekonomileri konferansı","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aims to analyze the current state of relations between China and the EU, including the balance of partnership and competition, common interests, and stronger connections. It also seeks to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the relationship between China and the EU, highlighting both the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead. Hence, the study delves on a multitude of topics including China's human rights record, policies on intellectual property, and state-owned enterprises, as well as its growing military and economic influence in the world. The study also investigates the EU’s objectives to build a constructive and cooperative relationship with China based on mutual respect and understanding, as well as the actions that both sides implement to address global challenges through international organizations such as the WTO and the UN. The study examines the economic ties between China and the EU, including trade and investment flows. The direction and flow of trade and investments will be explored by referring to statistics from international organizations, especially the World Bank. Literature review on economic, commercial and political cooperation between the EU and China will focus on primary and secondary sources. It is important for both sides to continue to engage in dialogue and cooperation to strengthen their trade relationship and address issues such as market access, level playing field, human rights, and intellectual property rights. For a successful pursuit of these objectives, the EU needs to develop a single rhetoric and adopt common policies.
{"title":"EU-China Relations: Competition and Partnership","authors":"Armağan Gözkaman, Kaan Çelikok","doi":"10.36880/c15.02766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c15.02766","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to analyze the current state of relations between China and the EU, including the balance of partnership and competition, common interests, and stronger connections. It also seeks to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the relationship between China and the EU, highlighting both the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead. Hence, the study delves on a multitude of topics including China's human rights record, policies on intellectual property, and state-owned enterprises, as well as its growing military and economic influence in the world. The study also investigates the EU’s objectives to build a constructive and cooperative relationship with China based on mutual respect and understanding, as well as the actions that both sides implement to address global challenges through international organizations such as the WTO and the UN. The study examines the economic ties between China and the EU, including trade and investment flows. The direction and flow of trade and investments will be explored by referring to statistics from international organizations, especially the World Bank. Literature review on economic, commercial and political cooperation between the EU and China will focus on primary and secondary sources. It is important for both sides to continue to engage in dialogue and cooperation to strengthen their trade relationship and address issues such as market access, level playing field, human rights, and intellectual property rights. For a successful pursuit of these objectives, the EU needs to develop a single rhetoric and adopt common policies.","PeriodicalId":486868,"journal":{"name":"Uluslararası Avrasya ekonomileri konferansı","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135737133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the modern world, the creative economy is developing rapidly. The concept of "creative economy" is widely used in the literature of foreign researchers. For Kyrgyzstan, the creative economy is a new direction, but despite this, it is developing very quickly, including human intellectual potential, the development of innovative entrepreneurship, and other areas aimed at increasing income, employment, and most importantly, increasing the volume of exports of the Kyrgyz Republic. With the issuance of the decree of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic dated April 21, 2022, "On measures to develop the creative economy and create conditions for the software development of the Kyrgyz Republic," and the approval of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic "Concept of development of the creative economy," a new stage of development of this process began. This article discusses the issues of the creative industry in the field of marketing and advertising in Kyrgyzstan, as it is one of the leading tools of the creative economy. Advertising, as a component of marketing communication, occupies an important position, since it is based on special intellectual activity, thanks to which brands of companies gain a competitive advantage in the market.
{"title":"Creative Economy and Modern Advertising in Kyrgyzstan","authors":"Anara Kamalova","doi":"10.36880/c15.02722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c15.02722","url":null,"abstract":"In the modern world, the creative economy is developing rapidly. The concept of \"creative economy\" is widely used in the literature of foreign researchers. For Kyrgyzstan, the creative economy is a new direction, but despite this, it is developing very quickly, including human intellectual potential, the development of innovative entrepreneurship, and other areas aimed at increasing income, employment, and most importantly, increasing the volume of exports of the Kyrgyz Republic. With the issuance of the decree of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic dated April 21, 2022, \"On measures to develop the creative economy and create conditions for the software development of the Kyrgyz Republic,\" and the approval of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic \"Concept of development of the creative economy,\" a new stage of development of this process began. This article discusses the issues of the creative industry in the field of marketing and advertising in Kyrgyzstan, as it is one of the leading tools of the creative economy. Advertising, as a component of marketing communication, occupies an important position, since it is based on special intellectual activity, thanks to which brands of companies gain a competitive advantage in the market.","PeriodicalId":486868,"journal":{"name":"Uluslararası Avrasya ekonomileri konferansı","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135737143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The European Union (EU) strategy for the Sahel region has simultaneously focused on security and development. For years, the EU has invested massively in the region with this objective. In time, it has even adopted a more comprehensive approach to raise the living standards across the region. Field action and collaboration have been developed. Nevertheless, the EU’s achievements have remained mostly inadequate.
Discourse analysis will be the research method that will be employed in the study. EU strategy papers together with EU institutional declarations will lay the ground for the main analyses. Indeed, the literature review will cover secondary sources as well as the primary ones. Case studies will involve individual states (Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso) along with the G5 Sahel organization and the missions that have convened within the framework of the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy.
Some reasons explain the EU’s failure, such as the heterogeneity of Sahel: Stretching on more than three million square kilometres, it is a vast, diverse, and complex region encompassing multiple countries and ethnicities. Security deserves attention as well, both at regional and international levels. Limited resources at the EU’s (and its member states’) disposal is also an obstacle for coherent development and security strategies. So is the coordination challenges: The EU member states have different priorities and approaches to addressing the challenges in the Sahel region. Last, but not least, political instability makes it extremely difficult to implement effective and sustainable development and security programs.
{"title":"The European Union - Sahel relations: An elusive nexus between development and security.","authors":"Armağan Gözkaman","doi":"10.36880/c15.02729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c15.02729","url":null,"abstract":"The European Union (EU) strategy for the Sahel region has simultaneously focused on security and development. For years, the EU has invested massively in the region with this objective. In time, it has even adopted a more comprehensive approach to raise the living standards across the region. Field action and collaboration have been developed. Nevertheless, the EU’s achievements have remained mostly inadequate. 
 
 Discourse analysis will be the research method that will be employed in the study. EU strategy papers together with EU institutional declarations will lay the ground for the main analyses. Indeed, the literature review will cover secondary sources as well as the primary ones. Case studies will involve individual states (Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso) along with the G5 Sahel organization and the missions that have convened within the framework of the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy. 
 
 Some reasons explain the EU’s failure, such as the heterogeneity of Sahel: Stretching on more than three million square kilometres, it is a vast, diverse, and complex region encompassing multiple countries and ethnicities. Security deserves attention as well, both at regional and international levels. Limited resources at the EU’s (and its member states’) disposal is also an obstacle for coherent development and security strategies. So is the coordination challenges: The EU member states have different priorities and approaches to addressing the challenges in the Sahel region. Last, but not least, political instability makes it extremely difficult to implement effective and sustainable development and security programs.
","PeriodicalId":486868,"journal":{"name":"Uluslararası Avrasya ekonomileri konferansı","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135737181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the interplay between international trade, green economy policies, and the pursuit of carbon neutrality in Costa Rica, a country committed to sustainability and carbon neutrality by 2050. By exploring Costa Rica's participation in global green value chains and its domestic policies, this research outlines the role these factors play in reducing carbon emissions. Despite facing challenges such as infrastructure requirements and access to capital for green businesses, opportunities abound in sectors such as renewable energy, eco-innovation, and sustainable agriculture. The study concludes that with continued commitment and strategic policy intervention, Costa Rica's model can provide a blueprint for sustainable development and carbon neutrality that can resonate globally.
{"title":"International Trade and Green Economy: Costa Rica Example","authors":"Nihan Özgüven Tayfun","doi":"10.36880/c15.02811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c15.02811","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the interplay between international trade, green economy policies, and the pursuit of carbon neutrality in Costa Rica, a country committed to sustainability and carbon neutrality by 2050. By exploring Costa Rica's participation in global green value chains and its domestic policies, this research outlines the role these factors play in reducing carbon emissions. Despite facing challenges such as infrastructure requirements and access to capital for green businesses, opportunities abound in sectors such as renewable energy, eco-innovation, and sustainable agriculture. The study concludes that with continued commitment and strategic policy intervention, Costa Rica's model can provide a blueprint for sustainable development and carbon neutrality that can resonate globally.","PeriodicalId":486868,"journal":{"name":"Uluslararası Avrasya ekonomileri konferansı","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135737315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In times of high uncertainty, it is usual for investors to be cautious about the capital markets and turn to investment instruments that are considered a security blanket. This situation may adversely affect the capital markets and the real sector. In this context, it is aimed to investigate the effect of the Volatility Index (VIX), also known as Fear Index, on some European stock markets. In the study, five different models were created in which the independent variable is VIX and the dependent variables are FTSE 100, DAX, CAC 40, BIST 30 and BIST Participation 30. Including the BIST Participation 30 Index in the study; it is also desired to determine whether there is a difference in the context of the conventional index-Islamic Index. In the study, a weekly data set including 76 observations was used in the period of 12.11.2021-28.04.2023. Data were obtained from Refinitiv Eikon. The long-term relationship of the variables was examined with the Engle-Granger Cointegration Test. Cointegration relationships were determined between VIX and FTSE 100; it was specified that there is no cointegrated relationships between VIX and BIST 30, BIST Participation 30, DAX and CAC 40. Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) method was used to estimate the coefficients of the relationship between the variables whose cointegration relationship was determined. Consistent with the literature, it was determined that VIX had negative effect on the FTSE 100. In this context, investors can use the VIX indicator to provide foresight in their investments in the FTSE 100.
{"title":"The Effect of Volatility Index on Turkish and European Stock Indices","authors":"Gökhan Berk Özbek","doi":"10.36880/c15.02767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c15.02767","url":null,"abstract":"In times of high uncertainty, it is usual for investors to be cautious about the capital markets and turn to investment instruments that are considered a security blanket. This situation may adversely affect the capital markets and the real sector. In this context, it is aimed to investigate the effect of the Volatility Index (VIX), also known as Fear Index, on some European stock markets. In the study, five different models were created in which the independent variable is VIX and the dependent variables are FTSE 100, DAX, CAC 40, BIST 30 and BIST Participation 30. Including the BIST Participation 30 Index in the study; it is also desired to determine whether there is a difference in the context of the conventional index-Islamic Index. In the study, a weekly data set including 76 observations was used in the period of 12.11.2021-28.04.2023. Data were obtained from Refinitiv Eikon. The long-term relationship of the variables was examined with the Engle-Granger Cointegration Test. Cointegration relationships were determined between VIX and FTSE 100; it was specified that there is no cointegrated relationships between VIX and BIST 30, BIST Participation 30, DAX and CAC 40. Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) method was used to estimate the coefficients of the relationship between the variables whose cointegration relationship was determined. Consistent with the literature, it was determined that VIX had negative effect on the FTSE 100. In this context, investors can use the VIX indicator to provide foresight in their investments in the FTSE 100.","PeriodicalId":486868,"journal":{"name":"Uluslararası Avrasya ekonomileri konferansı","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135737322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Foreign trade structure of Eurasian countries has been significantly affected from the increased globalization and changes in world politics. This paper analyzes bilateral trade of the selected Eurasian countries using gravity models for 1995-2020 period. For this purpose, we estimate augmented panel gravity model for a dataset of Eurasian countries. We examine the effects of a number of factors including countries’ GDP, population, distance and real exchange rate on the region’s export and import dynamics. Along with these variables, various explanatory variables such as GDP per capita, Linder effect, dummy variables that indicate common language, sharing of borders and free trade agreements are included in the models. To this end, we also analyze the impact of Eurasian Economic Union (EUEA) membership on the magnitude of bilateral trade flows. Gravity equations for export and import are estimated by fixed effects methodology. Our results suggest that income levels, factor endowments and real exchange rates are among the important determinants of trade performance of Eurasian economies.
{"title":"Determinants of Trade Flows in Eurasian Countries: Evidence from Panel Gravity Models","authors":"Sühan Alp Aşık, Duygu Yolcu Karadam","doi":"10.36880/c15.02758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c15.02758","url":null,"abstract":"Foreign trade structure of Eurasian countries has been significantly affected from the increased globalization and changes in world politics. This paper analyzes bilateral trade of the selected Eurasian countries using gravity models for 1995-2020 period. For this purpose, we estimate augmented panel gravity model for a dataset of Eurasian countries. We examine the effects of a number of factors including countries’ GDP, population, distance and real exchange rate on the region’s export and import dynamics. Along with these variables, various explanatory variables such as GDP per capita, Linder effect, dummy variables that indicate common language, sharing of borders and free trade agreements are included in the models. To this end, we also analyze the impact of Eurasian Economic Union (EUEA) membership on the magnitude of bilateral trade flows. Gravity equations for export and import are estimated by fixed effects methodology. Our results suggest that income levels, factor endowments and real exchange rates are among the important determinants of trade performance of Eurasian economies.","PeriodicalId":486868,"journal":{"name":"Uluslararası Avrasya ekonomileri konferansı","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135737331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Happiness is mainly related to the subjective evaluation of life consisting of different variables and is also affected by various factors. One of these factors is that consumption meets basic physical needs, luxury purchases, and psychological satisfaction. On the other side, quality of life improves, and the level of happiness rises if human keeps their connection with nature. In this context, we aim to analyze the link between tree cover and consumption with the happiness index using 31 selected countries’ data. For this purpose, we used the method of pooling ordinary least squares. The results suit our argument that tree cover is more effective than consumption for a higher happiness level. By paying more attention to the tree cover and the environment, we can be happier and leave a more livable world to the next generations.
{"title":"The Assessment of the Effect of Tree Cover and Consumption on the Happiness Index","authors":"H. Hilal Bağlıtaş","doi":"10.36880/c15.02792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c15.02792","url":null,"abstract":"Happiness is mainly related to the subjective evaluation of life consisting of different variables and is also affected by various factors. One of these factors is that consumption meets basic physical needs, luxury purchases, and psychological satisfaction. On the other side, quality of life improves, and the level of happiness rises if human keeps their connection with nature. In this context, we aim to analyze the link between tree cover and consumption with the happiness index using 31 selected countries’ data. For this purpose, we used the method of pooling ordinary least squares. The results suit our argument that tree cover is more effective than consumption for a higher happiness level. By paying more attention to the tree cover and the environment, we can be happier and leave a more livable world to the next generations.","PeriodicalId":486868,"journal":{"name":"Uluslararası Avrasya ekonomileri konferansı","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135737380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, Türkiye’s relationship with its Western allies has crumbled, which was well-reflected in their antagonistic policies towards Syria, Iraq, the Eastern Mediterranean, and the expansion of NATO. On the Western side, this is associated with the domestic political and ideological transformation in Türkiye, such as the Presidential system, neo-Ottoman ideologies, or the political atmosphere following the failed coup attempt of 2016. The rapprochement of the country with Russia, especially the collaboration in the security matters such as the Syrian war and the purchase of the S-400 missile defense system, are contextualized within this discourse. This study elaborates on the shift in Türkiye’s foreign policy by revealing the current globalization process occurring in Greater Eurasia, which drags countries of the region into its orbit through the capacity of energy resources, expansion of economic relations, and provision of an immature security framework. Via the capacity of Russian energy resources and security policies, and China’s expanding capital under the scope of the One Belt and One Road strategy, a variegated form of globalization is taking place in Eurasia. This study contextualizes the recent shift in the political economy of Türkiye within the scope of an ever-expanding Eurasia. It targets to reveal the main characteristics of the globalization in Greater Eurasia. Lastly, it situates the shift in Türkiye within the larger context of this variegated form of globalization.
{"title":"Greater Eurasia and New Trajectories in Türkiye's Globalization","authors":"Engin Sune","doi":"10.36880/c15.02750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c15.02750","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, Türkiye’s relationship with its Western allies has crumbled, which was well-reflected in their antagonistic policies towards Syria, Iraq, the Eastern Mediterranean, and the expansion of NATO. On the Western side, this is associated with the domestic political and ideological transformation in Türkiye, such as the Presidential system, neo-Ottoman ideologies, or the political atmosphere following the failed coup attempt of 2016. The rapprochement of the country with Russia, especially the collaboration in the security matters such as the Syrian war and the purchase of the S-400 missile defense system, are contextualized within this discourse. This study elaborates on the shift in Türkiye’s foreign policy by revealing the current globalization process occurring in Greater Eurasia, which drags countries of the region into its orbit through the capacity of energy resources, expansion of economic relations, and provision of an immature security framework. Via the capacity of Russian energy resources and security policies, and China’s expanding capital under the scope of the One Belt and One Road strategy, a variegated form of globalization is taking place in Eurasia. This study contextualizes the recent shift in the political economy of Türkiye within the scope of an ever-expanding Eurasia. It targets to reveal the main characteristics of the globalization in Greater Eurasia. Lastly, it situates the shift in Türkiye within the larger context of this variegated form of globalization.","PeriodicalId":486868,"journal":{"name":"Uluslararası Avrasya ekonomileri konferansı","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135737382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：