Recently, the rising food prices have contributed to inflation in Turkey. It has been crucial to analyze the interconnections between the food sector and other sectors of the economy to understand these price dynamics. The aim of this study is to determine the production structure and linkages of the Turkish food sector with other sectors utilizing input-output analysis. The input-output table for the study has provided by the World Input-Output Database. The findings indicate that the food sector requires 0.6477 units of input from other sectors to produce one unit of output. The direct forward linkage coefficient, which measures the input required by other sectors from the food sector, is estimated at 0.4385. The “hosting and catering service activities” sector is identified as the most demanding sector for the food sector’s output, after its own sector, with a share of 0.1267. This finding demonstrates a significant input flow from the food sector to the “accommodation and food service” sector. The total backward and forward linkages for the food sector are computed as 2.0381 and 1.6833 respectively. Therefore, indicating changes in food sector production has significantly influenced other sectors. Both the total backward linkage index value (1.3409) and the total forward linkage index value (1.1075) exceed a certain threshold. This result reveals that the food sector key role in the Turkish economy with push and pull effect on other sectors. It is recommended that prioritize incentive policies that have strong linkages with the food sector and evaluate investment decisions accordingly.
{"title":"Investigation of the Production Structure of the Food Industry with Input-Output Analysis: An Empirical Application on Turkey","authors":"Hakan Sönmez","doi":"10.36880/c15.02795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c15.02795","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the rising food prices have contributed to inflation in Turkey. It has been crucial to analyze the interconnections between the food sector and other sectors of the economy to understand these price dynamics. The aim of this study is to determine the production structure and linkages of the Turkish food sector with other sectors utilizing input-output analysis. The input-output table for the study has provided by the World Input-Output Database. The findings indicate that the food sector requires 0.6477 units of input from other sectors to produce one unit of output. The direct forward linkage coefficient, which measures the input required by other sectors from the food sector, is estimated at 0.4385. The “hosting and catering service activities” sector is identified as the most demanding sector for the food sector’s output, after its own sector, with a share of 0.1267. This finding demonstrates a significant input flow from the food sector to the “accommodation and food service” sector. The total backward and forward linkages for the food sector are computed as 2.0381 and 1.6833 respectively. Therefore, indicating changes in food sector production has significantly influenced other sectors. Both the total backward linkage index value (1.3409) and the total forward linkage index value (1.1075) exceed a certain threshold. This result reveals that the food sector key role in the Turkish economy with push and pull effect on other sectors. It is recommended that prioritize incentive policies that have strong linkages with the food sector and evaluate investment decisions accordingly.","PeriodicalId":486868,"journal":{"name":"Uluslararası Avrasya ekonomileri konferansı","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135737327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Green management, which covers many issues from energy saving and usage strategies of enterprises to waste management practices, is accepted as the main strategy of sustainable development. It offers a holistic approach to balancing environmental awareness with the pressures created by global competition. This holistic approach for green management transformation means renewing the perception of management, business processes, employee behavior and culture. Green businesses, a new concept emerging in this context, perform activities that create added value for the economy, environment and society by reducing unnecessary consumption rates, applying recycling, refusing to use inputs that harm the ecological balance, and reducing the amount of waste. This research explores the performance of tourism businesses on green management for the policies to be implemented. An exploratory qualitative approach is adopted for this study. Case study pattern and multiple case study pattern are preferred as the method of inquiry. Criterion sampling method will be performed to collect data with participants through in-depth, semi-structured individual interviews. Data were analyzed using a thematic approach. The undesirable consequences of industrial transformations and social developments and the increasing environmental awareness of consumers are also considered as driving forces for enterprises to adopt a green management approach. Based on this assumption, the relationship between business managers' perceptions of the role of green management in sustainability and business practices are determined at the end of the study. Also, obstacles to green management practices in enterprises and implications for overcoming these obstacles are presented.
{"title":"Sustainable Development and Green Management: Implications for Tourism Industry","authors":"Demet Bağıran Özşeker, Avşar Kurgun","doi":"10.36880/c15.02834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c15.02834","url":null,"abstract":"Green management, which covers many issues from energy saving and usage strategies of enterprises to waste management practices, is accepted as the main strategy of sustainable development. It offers a holistic approach to balancing environmental awareness with the pressures created by global competition. This holistic approach for green management transformation means renewing the perception of management, business processes, employee behavior and culture. Green businesses, a new concept emerging in this context, perform activities that create added value for the economy, environment and society by reducing unnecessary consumption rates, applying recycling, refusing to use inputs that harm the ecological balance, and reducing the amount of waste. This research explores the performance of tourism businesses on green management for the policies to be implemented. An exploratory qualitative approach is adopted for this study. Case study pattern and multiple case study pattern are preferred as the method of inquiry. Criterion sampling method will be performed to collect data with participants through in-depth, semi-structured individual interviews. Data were analyzed using a thematic approach. The undesirable consequences of industrial transformations and social developments and the increasing environmental awareness of consumers are also considered as driving forces for enterprises to adopt a green management approach. Based on this assumption, the relationship between business managers' perceptions of the role of green management in sustainability and business practices are determined at the end of the study. Also, obstacles to green management practices in enterprises and implications for overcoming these obstacles are presented.","PeriodicalId":486868,"journal":{"name":"Uluslararası Avrasya ekonomileri konferansı","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135737334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The importance of desk research and therefore electronic databases, which have an important place in the management of foreign trade operations, needs more emphasis than in previous periods. This study makes a ranking among alternative markets by using the data obtained from marketing intelligence sources and a methodology for solving decision problems arising in the selection of target market for Turkish iron & steel exporters, and the TOPSIS method, which is one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods. The criteria used in the evaluation of alternative markets included in the study were determined by making use of the literature of international trade theories and the marketing intelligence resources presented within the scope of the study. In addition, a face-to-face interview was made with an iron & steel company exporting the product with the code 7210 in Samsun in the target market selection, and the existing criteria were submitted for approval and the different proposed criteria were included in the analysis. The AHP method was used to determine the criteria weights with the interviewed firm. According to the results of the research, in which 31 different alternatives were listed in the context of a total of 15 criteria; In the ranking of target market alternatives for Turkish iron & steel companies exporting the product with GTIP code 7210, Spain ranks first, Czech ranks second and Belgium ranks third. In line with these results, the research focuses on the top three alternative markets and identifies six different potential customers with three different methods.
{"title":"Target Market Selection and Detection of Potential Customers with Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods Based on Marketing Intelligence","authors":"Hilal Memiş Kamacı, Mustafa Kemal Yilmaz","doi":"10.36880/c15.02844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c15.02844","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of desk research and therefore electronic databases, which have an important place in the management of foreign trade operations, needs more emphasis than in previous periods. This study makes a ranking among alternative markets by using the data obtained from marketing intelligence sources and a methodology for solving decision problems arising in the selection of target market for Turkish iron & steel exporters, and the TOPSIS method, which is one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods. The criteria used in the evaluation of alternative markets included in the study were determined by making use of the literature of international trade theories and the marketing intelligence resources presented within the scope of the study. In addition, a face-to-face interview was made with an iron & steel company exporting the product with the code 7210 in Samsun in the target market selection, and the existing criteria were submitted for approval and the different proposed criteria were included in the analysis. The AHP method was used to determine the criteria weights with the interviewed firm. According to the results of the research, in which 31 different alternatives were listed in the context of a total of 15 criteria; In the ranking of target market alternatives for Turkish iron & steel companies exporting the product with GTIP code 7210, Spain ranks first, Czech ranks second and Belgium ranks third. In line with these results, the research focuses on the top three alternative markets and identifies six different potential customers with three different methods.","PeriodicalId":486868,"journal":{"name":"Uluslararası Avrasya ekonomileri konferansı","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135737379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Türkiye has experienced a vast number of financial instabilities and exposed to several real sector shocks since 1970’s. Seven input-output tables have been released since 1970’s. These tables can be used to analyze each of Turkish economy’s decades from 1970’s to 2000’s. In this regard, Turkish economy can be divided into four decades. The first decade from 1970 to 1980 is characterized by the import-substitution growth strategy, represented by input-output tables of 1973 and 1979. The second decade known as the export-oriented growth period which is represented by the 1985 input-output table. The third one is 1990’s. This period is called the financial liberalization and represented by 1990 and 1998 input-output tables. The last period is 2000’s, considered as the growth model on external financing. These four periods, as mentioned above, describe Turkish economy with different features. Seven input-output tables are employed to analyze the structure of the corresponding periods of Turkish economy. The main purpose of this study is to determine the key sectors with seven input-output tables within the frame of four decades of Turkish economy using traditional and hypothetical linkage measures. The point to be investigated is to consider the structural transformation of the Turkish economy in the 42-year period from 1970 to 2012, it is desired to observe the transformations of key sectors throughout the 42 years via the input-output analysis with seven input-output tables.
{"title":"The Structural Transformation of Turkish Economy: Exploring Key Sectors using Traditional and Hypothetical Extraction Linkages","authors":"Zafer Barış Gül","doi":"10.36880/c15.02760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c15.02760","url":null,"abstract":"Türkiye has experienced a vast number of financial instabilities and exposed to several real sector shocks since 1970’s. Seven input-output tables have been released since 1970’s. These tables can be used to analyze each of Turkish economy’s decades from 1970’s to 2000’s. In this regard, Turkish economy can be divided into four decades. The first decade from 1970 to 1980 is characterized by the import-substitution growth strategy, represented by input-output tables of 1973 and 1979. The second decade known as the export-oriented growth period which is represented by the 1985 input-output table. The third one is 1990’s. This period is called the financial liberalization and represented by 1990 and 1998 input-output tables. The last period is 2000’s, considered as the growth model on external financing. These four periods, as mentioned above, describe Turkish economy with different features. Seven input-output tables are employed to analyze the structure of the corresponding periods of Turkish economy. The main purpose of this study is to determine the key sectors with seven input-output tables within the frame of four decades of Turkish economy using traditional and hypothetical linkage measures. The point to be investigated is to consider the structural transformation of the Turkish economy in the 42-year period from 1970 to 2012, it is desired to observe the transformations of key sectors throughout the 42 years via the input-output analysis with seven input-output tables.","PeriodicalId":486868,"journal":{"name":"Uluslararası Avrasya ekonomileri konferansı","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135737136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the early 1980s, income inequality has risen between and within countries in the neo-liberal era. In literature, there are different views on the relationship of financial sector and the real economy with income inequality. Two main hypotheses in the literature regarding this relationship are as follows: The first hypothesis claims that developments in financial sector can only benefit people with higher incomes. Those with higher incomes can offer collateral and are more likely to repay loans, while those with low-income levels may have difficulty in getting loans, and this may increase inequality. The second hypothesis argues that the growth of the financial sector can provide previously excluded low-income individuals with access to credit. This hypothesis suggests that income inequality decreases when financial markets are developed. This study presents the income inequality, finance, and growth relationships via panel data methodology. Our dataset consists of emerging markets, and our data source is the World Bank database. Our study contributes to the existing literature with its results, which give evidence of a negative relationship between income inequality and economic growth with policy implications. Specific policies toward the financial sector and the real sector would be implemented for poverty alleviation.
{"title":"Income Inequality, Finance, and Economic Growth Relationships","authors":"Zal Yıldırım, İlkay Şendeniz Yüncü","doi":"10.36880/c15.02813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c15.02813","url":null,"abstract":"Since the early 1980s, income inequality has risen between and within countries in the neo-liberal era. In literature, there are different views on the relationship of financial sector and the real economy with income inequality. Two main hypotheses in the literature regarding this relationship are as follows: The first hypothesis claims that developments in financial sector can only benefit people with higher incomes. Those with higher incomes can offer collateral and are more likely to repay loans, while those with low-income levels may have difficulty in getting loans, and this may increase inequality. The second hypothesis argues that the growth of the financial sector can provide previously excluded low-income individuals with access to credit. This hypothesis suggests that income inequality decreases when financial markets are developed. This study presents the income inequality, finance, and growth relationships via panel data methodology. Our dataset consists of emerging markets, and our data source is the World Bank database. Our study contributes to the existing literature with its results, which give evidence of a negative relationship between income inequality and economic growth with policy implications. Specific policies toward the financial sector and the real sector would be implemented for poverty alleviation.
 
","PeriodicalId":486868,"journal":{"name":"Uluslararası Avrasya ekonomileri konferansı","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135737138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The constant increase in health care costs associated with the emergence of new medical technologies and medicines is a general trend for all countries. Kyrgyzstan spends less than 4% of its gross domestic product on healthcare. Unlike other branches of the national economy, the results of various health care activities, its services and programs are analyzed from the standpoint of social, medical, and economic efficiency, among which medical efficiency is a priority. With regard to health care, there are three types of efficiency: social; medical; economic. Without evaluating the results of medical and social efficiency, economic efficiency cannot be determined. The effectiveness of health care depends on the correct distribution and use of limited resources. In the Kyrgyz Republic, a significant part of financial resources is spent at the level of inpatient care, compared to primary healthcare organizations. An analysis of the structure of the use of financial resources shows that the share of funds allocated for drug provision of patients is insignificant and is shifted to patients. Most of the resources allocated to healthcare organizations are spent on salaries of medical workers. As a result of the analysis, a conclusion is made about the need to increase the motivation of primary health care workers. JEL Code I18 G28 I1
{"title":"Improving Efficiency of the Healthcare System of the Kyrgyz Republic","authors":"Damira Japarova","doi":"10.36880/c15.02840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c15.02840","url":null,"abstract":"
 The constant increase in health care costs associated with the emergence of new medical technologies and medicines is a general trend for all countries. Kyrgyzstan spends less than 4% of its gross domestic product on healthcare. Unlike other branches of the national economy, the results of various health care activities, its services and programs are analyzed from the standpoint of social, medical, and economic efficiency, among which medical efficiency is a priority. With regard to health care, there are three types of efficiency: social; medical; economic. Without evaluating the results of medical and social efficiency, economic efficiency cannot be determined. The effectiveness of health care depends on the correct distribution and use of limited resources. In the Kyrgyz Republic, a significant part of financial resources is spent at the level of inpatient care, compared to primary healthcare organizations. An analysis of the structure of the use of financial resources shows that the share of funds allocated for drug provision of patients is insignificant and is shifted to patients. Most of the resources allocated to healthcare organizations are spent on salaries of medical workers. As a result of the analysis, a conclusion is made about the need to increase the motivation of primary health care workers. JEL Code I18 G28 I1
","PeriodicalId":486868,"journal":{"name":"Uluslararası Avrasya ekonomileri konferansı","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135737179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The 21st century has witnessed several transformations in international structure. The state-building process in the aftermath of the Iraq Invasion in 2003 was a cornerstone in the transformation of sovereignty as it implied the internationalized state form in the periphery of the capitalist international division of labor. However, the Western agenda of transforming the region and beyond with economic as well as military interventions faced a challenge from the Russia-China axis. These two countries became the focal point of resistance within the capitalist system, forcing Western capitalism to address this challenge. During the last decade, Russia was involved in military conflicts in Eurasian territories, where formerly Western powers had the upper hand. On the other hand, China became a hub for an alternative source of capital to Western institutions such as the IMF and WB, with its highly centralized and condensed financial power. These two countries offered an alternative to the Western type of articulation to the international markets, emphasizing the ‘old’ understanding of sovereignty. This study firstly aims to examine the transformation (thus, internationalization) of sovereignty as an agenda of Western capitalism by looking at Western powers’ policies during and after the Iraq invasion. Then, it will scrutinize the challenge to this transformation by the Eurasian axis with its persistence on the ‘national’ sovereignty of the peripheral countries they are exporting capital and establishing new political and military affairs with. Lastly, the study concludes with the possible prospects of these two rival sovereignty claims and the consequences they evoke.
{"title":"Eurasian “Resistance” to Internationalization of Sovereignty","authors":"Göksu Uğurlu","doi":"10.36880/c15.02802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c15.02802","url":null,"abstract":"The 21st century has witnessed several transformations in international structure. The state-building process in the aftermath of the Iraq Invasion in 2003 was a cornerstone in the transformation of sovereignty as it implied the internationalized state form in the periphery of the capitalist international division of labor. However, the Western agenda of transforming the region and beyond with economic as well as military interventions faced a challenge from the Russia-China axis. These two countries became the focal point of resistance within the capitalist system, forcing Western capitalism to address this challenge. During the last decade, Russia was involved in military conflicts in Eurasian territories, where formerly Western powers had the upper hand. On the other hand, China became a hub for an alternative source of capital to Western institutions such as the IMF and WB, with its highly centralized and condensed financial power. These two countries offered an alternative to the Western type of articulation to the international markets, emphasizing the ‘old’ understanding of sovereignty. This study firstly aims to examine the transformation (thus, internationalization) of sovereignty as an agenda of Western capitalism by looking at Western powers’ policies during and after the Iraq invasion. Then, it will scrutinize the challenge to this transformation by the Eurasian axis with its persistence on the ‘national’ sovereignty of the peripheral countries they are exporting capital and establishing new political and military affairs with. Lastly, the study concludes with the possible prospects of these two rival sovereignty claims and the consequences they evoke.","PeriodicalId":486868,"journal":{"name":"Uluslararası Avrasya ekonomileri konferansı","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135737180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article examines the relationship between structural shifts and the development of the national economy. Structural shifts in the national economy are one of the main factors of the state and dynamics of the country's economic system. They have a positive or negative impact and determine the effectiveness of its functioning. In this regard, the study of the relationship between structural shifts and the development of the economic system seems relevant both in theory and in practice. The purpose of the study is to use an econometric model based on the production function of variable elasticity. This is due to the fact that the model under consideration can be applied in the study of transitional processes in the main sectors of the economy of the Kyrgyz Republic. The main reasons for the transition processes are the impact on the economy of various factors leading to structural changes. The recommendations made will be quantitative rather than qualitative, i.e. they will indicate to what extent and in what proportions labor and investments should be invested in the development of a particular branch of the economy, i.e. at the macro level (industry level), and not at the micro level of the enterprise. a specific enterprise that is designed for a specific set of labor and investment resources.
{"title":"Structural Shifts and their Impact on Sustainable Economic Development","authors":"Kalybek Choroev","doi":"10.36880/c15.02748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c15.02748","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the relationship between structural shifts and the development of the national economy. Structural shifts in the national economy are one of the main factors of the state and dynamics of the country's economic system. They have a positive or negative impact and determine the effectiveness of its functioning. In this regard, the study of the relationship between structural shifts and the development of the economic system seems relevant both in theory and in practice. The purpose of the study is to use an econometric model based on the production function of variable elasticity. This is due to the fact that the model under consideration can be applied in the study of transitional processes in the main sectors of the economy of the Kyrgyz Republic. The main reasons for the transition processes are the impact on the economy of various factors leading to structural changes. The recommendations made will be quantitative rather than qualitative, i.e. they will indicate to what extent and in what proportions labor and investments should be invested in the development of a particular branch of the economy, i.e. at the macro level (industry level), and not at the micro level of the enterprise. a specific enterprise that is designed for a specific set of labor and investment resources.","PeriodicalId":486868,"journal":{"name":"Uluslararası Avrasya ekonomileri konferansı","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135737317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of environmental policies is of great importance for the continuation of the concept of sustainable development. Societies that strive for economic development should aim to leave a cleaner world for future generations. Therefore, as an output of the economic development process, the relationship between life expectancy at birth and environmental policies and welfare increase is a test of the expectation for a clean world. In the study, the effects of economic development components and environmental policies on life expectancy at birth, which is a health indicator in the development process, were investigated for the period 1990-2020, in a model created on the basis of BRICS and MIST countries, which are among the developing country groups. Test such as multicollinearity, varying variance, autocorrelation, and cross-section dependence were applied to the model, and the model was estimated using Generalized Least Squares and Driscoll-Kraay tests. According to the findings, while strict environmental policies and higher per capita income have a positive effect on life expectancy at birth, the effects of urbanization and inflation on life expectancy at birth are not statistically significant. Accordingly, it can be said that societies that care about increasing welfare together with environmental policies will have a longer life expectancy.
{"title":"The Impact of Environmental Policy, per Capita Income, Inflation and Urbanization on Life Expectancy at Birth: Examples from the BRICS and MIST Countries","authors":"Ömer Faruk Gültekin","doi":"10.36880/c15.02786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c15.02786","url":null,"abstract":"The development of environmental policies is of great importance for the continuation of the concept of sustainable development. Societies that strive for economic development should aim to leave a cleaner world for future generations. Therefore, as an output of the economic development process, the relationship between life expectancy at birth and environmental policies and welfare increase is a test of the expectation for a clean world. In the study, the effects of economic development components and environmental policies on life expectancy at birth, which is a health indicator in the development process, were investigated for the period 1990-2020, in a model created on the basis of BRICS and MIST countries, which are among the developing country groups. Test such as multicollinearity, varying variance, autocorrelation, and cross-section dependence were applied to the model, and the model was estimated using Generalized Least Squares and Driscoll-Kraay tests. According to the findings, while strict environmental policies and higher per capita income have a positive effect on life expectancy at birth, the effects of urbanization and inflation on life expectancy at birth are not statistically significant. Accordingly, it can be said that societies that care about increasing welfare together with environmental policies will have a longer life expectancy.","PeriodicalId":486868,"journal":{"name":"Uluslararası Avrasya ekonomileri konferansı","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135737373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main argument that technology transfer provided through foreign direct investments improves technological capacity in host country economies is frequently discussed in the literature. In this context, the purpose of the study is to contribute to the investigation of the efficiency of technology transfer in transition economies in terms of the relationship between foreign direct investments and technological capacity. The econometric process belonging to panel data analysis was followed by using the data of the countries for the period 2007-2020. First of all, the stationarity of the series was tested with panel unit root tests, and then the existence of a long-term relationship was determined with panel cointegration tests. The findings confirm the cointegration relationship between foreign direct investment inflows and high-tech product exports. DOLS and FMOLS estimators were used to obtain long-term coefficients. The results of the analysis indicated that foreign direct investment inflows have a positive and significant effect on high-technology product exports. Finally, according to the panel Granger causality test, there exists a bidirectional causality relationship between foreign direct investment inflows and high-tech product exports.
{"title":"Foreign Direct Investment and Technological Capacity: The Efficiency of Technology Transfer in Transition Economies","authors":"Fatma Ünlü","doi":"10.36880/c15.02715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36880/c15.02715","url":null,"abstract":"The main argument that technology transfer provided through foreign direct investments improves technological capacity in host country economies is frequently discussed in the literature. In this context, the purpose of the study is to contribute to the investigation of the efficiency of technology transfer in transition economies in terms of the relationship between foreign direct investments and technological capacity. The econometric process belonging to panel data analysis was followed by using the data of the countries for the period 2007-2020. First of all, the stationarity of the series was tested with panel unit root tests, and then the existence of a long-term relationship was determined with panel cointegration tests. The findings confirm the cointegration relationship between foreign direct investment inflows and high-tech product exports. DOLS and FMOLS estimators were used to obtain long-term coefficients. The results of the analysis indicated that foreign direct investment inflows have a positive and significant effect on high-technology product exports. Finally, according to the panel Granger causality test, there exists a bidirectional causality relationship between foreign direct investment inflows and high-tech product exports.","PeriodicalId":486868,"journal":{"name":"Uluslararası Avrasya ekonomileri konferansı","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135737140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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