While there has been a trend in the last decades for publishing large-scale and highly-interconnected Knowledge Graphs (KGs), their users often get overwhelmed by the task of understanding their content as a result of their size and complexity. Data profiling approaches have been proposed to summarize large KGs into concise and meaningful representations, so that they can be better explored, processed, and managed. Profiles based on schema patterns represent each triple in a KG with its schema-level counterpart, thus covering the entire KG with profiles of considerable size. In this paper, we provide empirical evidence that profiles based on schema patterns, if explored with suitable mechanisms, can be useful to help users understand the content of big and complex KGs. ABSTAT provides concise pattern-based profiles and comes with faceted interfaces for profile exploration. Using this tool we present a user study based on query completion tasks. We demonstrate that users who look at ABSTAT profiles formulate their queries better and faster than users browsing the ontology of the KGs. The latter is a pretty strong baseline considering that many KGs do not even come with a specific ontology to be explored by the users. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to investigate the impact of profiling techniques on tasks related to knowledge graph understanding with a user study.
{"title":"Understanding the structure of knowledge graphs with ABSTAT profiles","authors":"Blerina Spahiu, Matteo Palmonari, Renzo Arturo Alva Principe, Anisa Rula","doi":"10.3233/sw-223181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/sw-223181","url":null,"abstract":"While there has been a trend in the last decades for publishing large-scale and highly-interconnected Knowledge Graphs (KGs), their users often get overwhelmed by the task of understanding their content as a result of their size and complexity. Data profiling approaches have been proposed to summarize large KGs into concise and meaningful representations, so that they can be better explored, processed, and managed. Profiles based on schema patterns represent each triple in a KG with its schema-level counterpart, thus covering the entire KG with profiles of considerable size. In this paper, we provide empirical evidence that profiles based on schema patterns, if explored with suitable mechanisms, can be useful to help users understand the content of big and complex KGs. ABSTAT provides concise pattern-based profiles and comes with faceted interfaces for profile exploration. Using this tool we present a user study based on query completion tasks. We demonstrate that users who look at ABSTAT profiles formulate their queries better and faster than users browsing the ontology of the KGs. The latter is a pretty strong baseline considering that many KGs do not even come with a specific ontology to be explored by the users. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to investigate the impact of profiling techniques on tasks related to knowledge graph understanding with a user study.","PeriodicalId":48694,"journal":{"name":"Semantic Web","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136178874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Building and publishing knowledge graphs (KG) as Linked Data, either on the Web or in private companies, has become a relevant and crucial process in many domains. This process requires that users perform a wide number of tasks conforming to the life cycle of a KG, and these tasks usually involve different unrelated research topics, such as RDF materialisation or link discovery. There is already a large corpus of tools and methods designed to perform these tasks; however, the lack of one tool that gathers them all leads practitioners to develop ad-hoc pipelines that are not generic and, thus, non-reusable. As a result, building and publishing a KG is becoming a complex and resource-consuming process. In this paper, a generic framework called Helio is presented. The framework aims to cover a set of requirements elicited from the KG life cycle and provide a tool capable of performing the different tasks required to build and publish KGs. As a result, Helio aims at providing users with the means for reducing the effort required to perform this process and, also, Helio aims to prevent the development of ad-hoc pipelines. Furthermore, the Helio framework has been applied in many different contexts, from European projects to research work.
{"title":"Helio: A framework for implementing the life cycle of knowledge graphs","authors":"Andrea Cimmino, R. García-Castro","doi":"10.3233/sw-233224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/sw-233224","url":null,"abstract":"Building and publishing knowledge graphs (KG) as Linked Data, either on the Web or in private companies, has become a relevant and crucial process in many domains. This process requires that users perform a wide number of tasks conforming to the life cycle of a KG, and these tasks usually involve different unrelated research topics, such as RDF materialisation or link discovery. There is already a large corpus of tools and methods designed to perform these tasks; however, the lack of one tool that gathers them all leads practitioners to develop ad-hoc pipelines that are not generic and, thus, non-reusable. As a result, building and publishing a KG is becoming a complex and resource-consuming process. In this paper, a generic framework called Helio is presented. The framework aims to cover a set of requirements elicited from the KG life cycle and provide a tool capable of performing the different tasks required to build and publish KGs. As a result, Helio aims at providing users with the means for reducing the effort required to perform this process and, also, Helio aims to prevent the development of ad-hoc pipelines. Furthermore, the Helio framework has been applied in many different contexts, from European projects to research work.","PeriodicalId":48694,"journal":{"name":"Semantic Web","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78447445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Iglesias-Molina, Andrea Cimmino, E. Ruckhaus, David Chaves-Fraga, R. García-Castro, Óscar Corcho
Knowledge Graphs are currently created using an assortment of techniques and tools: ad hoc code in a programming language, database export scripts, OpenRefine transformations, mapping languages, etc. Focusing on the latter, the wide variety of use cases, data peculiarities, and potential uses has had a substantial impact in how mappings have been created, extended, and applied. As a result, a large number of languages and their associated tools have been created. In this paper, we present the Conceptual Mapping ontology, that is designed to represent the features and characteristics of existing declarative mapping languages to construct Knowledge Graphs. This ontology is built upon the requirements extracted from experts experience, a thorough analysis of the features and capabilities of current mapping languages presented as a comparative framework; and the languages’ limitations discussed by the community and denoted as Mapping Challenges. The ontology is evaluated to ensure that it meets these requirements and has no inconsistencies, pitfalls or modelling errors, and is publicly available online along with its documentation and related resources.
{"title":"An ontological approach for representing declarative mapping languages","authors":"Ana Iglesias-Molina, Andrea Cimmino, E. Ruckhaus, David Chaves-Fraga, R. García-Castro, Óscar Corcho","doi":"10.3233/sw-223224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/sw-223224","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge Graphs are currently created using an assortment of techniques and tools: ad hoc code in a programming language, database export scripts, OpenRefine transformations, mapping languages, etc. Focusing on the latter, the wide variety of use cases, data peculiarities, and potential uses has had a substantial impact in how mappings have been created, extended, and applied. As a result, a large number of languages and their associated tools have been created. In this paper, we present the Conceptual Mapping ontology, that is designed to represent the features and characteristics of existing declarative mapping languages to construct Knowledge Graphs. This ontology is built upon the requirements extracted from experts experience, a thorough analysis of the features and capabilities of current mapping languages presented as a comparative framework; and the languages’ limitations discussed by the community and denoted as Mapping Challenges. The ontology is evaluated to ensure that it meets these requirements and has no inconsistencies, pitfalls or modelling errors, and is publicly available online along with its documentation and related resources.","PeriodicalId":48694,"journal":{"name":"Semantic Web","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83444414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhenzhen Gu, F. Corcoglioniti, D. Lanti, A. Mosca, Guohui Xiao, Jingliu Xiong, D. Calvanese
Data federation addresses the problem of uniformly accessing multiple, possibly heterogeneous data sources, by mapping them into a unified schema, such as an RDF(S)/OWL ontology or a relational schema, and by supporting the execution of queries, like SPARQL or SQL queries, over that unified schema. Data explosion in volume and variety has made data federation increasingly popular in many application domains. Hence, many data federation systems have been developed in industry and academia, and it has become challenging for users to select suitable systems to achieve their objectives. In order to systematically analyze and compare these systems, we propose an evaluation framework comprising four dimensions: (i) federation capabilities, i.e., query language, data source, and federation techniques; (ii) data security, i.e., authentication, authorization, auditing, encryption, and data masking; (iii) interface, i.e., graphical interface, command line interface, and application programming interface; and (iv) development, i.e., main development language, deployment, commercial support, open source, and release. Using this framework, we thoroughly studied 51 data federation systems from the Semantic Web and Database communities. This paper shares the results of our investigation and aims to provide reference material and insights for users, developers and researchers selecting or further developing data federation systems.
{"title":"A systematic overview of data federation systems","authors":"Zhenzhen Gu, F. Corcoglioniti, D. Lanti, A. Mosca, Guohui Xiao, Jingliu Xiong, D. Calvanese","doi":"10.3233/sw-223201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/sw-223201","url":null,"abstract":"Data federation addresses the problem of uniformly accessing multiple, possibly heterogeneous data sources, by mapping them into a unified schema, such as an RDF(S)/OWL ontology or a relational schema, and by supporting the execution of queries, like SPARQL or SQL queries, over that unified schema. Data explosion in volume and variety has made data federation increasingly popular in many application domains. Hence, many data federation systems have been developed in industry and academia, and it has become challenging for users to select suitable systems to achieve their objectives. In order to systematically analyze and compare these systems, we propose an evaluation framework comprising four dimensions: (i) federation capabilities, i.e., query language, data source, and federation techniques; (ii) data security, i.e., authentication, authorization, auditing, encryption, and data masking; (iii) interface, i.e., graphical interface, command line interface, and application programming interface; and (iv) development, i.e., main development language, deployment, commercial support, open source, and release. Using this framework, we thoroughly studied 51 data federation systems from the Semantic Web and Database communities. This paper shares the results of our investigation and aims to provide reference material and insights for users, developers and researchers selecting or further developing data federation systems.","PeriodicalId":48694,"journal":{"name":"Semantic Web","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80724133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Lassila, Michael Schmidt, O. Hartig, B. Bebee, Dave Bechberger, Willem Broekema, Ankesh Khandelwal, K. Lawrence, Carlos-Manuel López-Enríquez, Ronak Sharda, B. Thompson
Amazon Neptune is a graph database service that supports two graph models: W3C’s Resource Description Framework (RDF) and Labeled Property Graphs (LPG). Customers choose one or the other model. This choice determines which data modeling features can be used and – perhaps more importantly – which query languages are available. The choice between the two technology stacks is difficult and time consuming. It requires consideration of data modeling aspects, query language features, their adequacy for current and future use cases, as well as developer knowledge. Even in cases where customers evaluate the pros and cons and make a conscious choice that fits their use case, over time we often see requirements from new use cases emerge that could be addressed more easily with a different data model or query language. It is therefore highly desirable that the choice of the query language can be made without consideration of what graph model is chosen and can be easily revised or complemented at a later point. To this end, we advocate and explore the idea of OneGraph (“1G” for short), a single, unified graph data model that embraces both RDF and LPGs. The goal of 1G is to achieve interoperability at both data level, by supporting the co-existence of RDF and LPG in the same database, as well as query level, by enabling queries and updates over the unified data model with a query language of choice. In this paper, we sketch our vision and investigate technical challenges towards a unification of the two graph data models.
{"title":"The OneGraph vision: Challenges of breaking the graph model lock-in1","authors":"O. Lassila, Michael Schmidt, O. Hartig, B. Bebee, Dave Bechberger, Willem Broekema, Ankesh Khandelwal, K. Lawrence, Carlos-Manuel López-Enríquez, Ronak Sharda, B. Thompson","doi":"10.3233/sw-223273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/sw-223273","url":null,"abstract":"Amazon Neptune is a graph database service that supports two graph models: W3C’s Resource Description Framework (RDF) and Labeled Property Graphs (LPG). Customers choose one or the other model. This choice determines which data modeling features can be used and – perhaps more importantly – which query languages are available. The choice between the two technology stacks is difficult and time consuming. It requires consideration of data modeling aspects, query language features, their adequacy for current and future use cases, as well as developer knowledge. Even in cases where customers evaluate the pros and cons and make a conscious choice that fits their use case, over time we often see requirements from new use cases emerge that could be addressed more easily with a different data model or query language. It is therefore highly desirable that the choice of the query language can be made without consideration of what graph model is chosen and can be easily revised or complemented at a later point. To this end, we advocate and explore the idea of OneGraph (“1G” for short), a single, unified graph data model that embraces both RDF and LPGs. The goal of 1G is to achieve interoperability at both data level, by supporting the co-existence of RDF and LPG in the same database, as well as query level, by enabling queries and updates over the unified data model with a query language of choice. In this paper, we sketch our vision and investigate technical challenges towards a unification of the two graph data models.","PeriodicalId":48694,"journal":{"name":"Semantic Web","volume":"16 1","pages":"125-134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78352387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claus Stadler, Muhammad Saleem, Qaiser Mehmood, C. Buil-Aranda, M. Dumontier, A. Hogan, Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo
We present the Linked SPARQL Queries (LSQ) dataset, which currently describes 43.95 million executions of 11.56 million unique SPARQL queries extracted from the logs of 27 different endpoints. The LSQ dataset provides RDF descriptions of each such query, which are indexed in a public LSQ endpoint, allowing interested parties to find queries with the characteristics they require. We begin by describing the use cases envisaged for the LSQ dataset, which include applications for research on common features of queries, for building custom benchmarks, and for designing user interfaces. We then discuss how LSQ has been used in practice since the release of four initial SPARQL logs in 2015. We discuss the model and vocabulary that we use to represent these queries in RDF. We then provide a brief overview of the 27 endpoints from which we extracted queries in terms of the domain to which they pertain and the data they contain. We provide statistics on the queries included from each log, including the number of query executions, unique queries, as well as distributions of queries for a variety of selected characteristics. We finally discuss how the LSQ dataset is hosted and how it can be accessed and leveraged by interested parties for their use cases.
{"title":"LSQ 2.0: A linked dataset of SPARQL query logs","authors":"Claus Stadler, Muhammad Saleem, Qaiser Mehmood, C. Buil-Aranda, M. Dumontier, A. Hogan, Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo","doi":"10.3233/sw-223015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/sw-223015","url":null,"abstract":"We present the Linked SPARQL Queries (LSQ) dataset, which currently describes 43.95 million executions of 11.56 million unique SPARQL queries extracted from the logs of 27 different endpoints. The LSQ dataset provides RDF descriptions of each such query, which are indexed in a public LSQ endpoint, allowing interested parties to find queries with the characteristics they require. We begin by describing the use cases envisaged for the LSQ dataset, which include applications for research on common features of queries, for building custom benchmarks, and for designing user interfaces. We then discuss how LSQ has been used in practice since the release of four initial SPARQL logs in 2015. We discuss the model and vocabulary that we use to represent these queries in RDF. We then provide a brief overview of the 27 endpoints from which we extracted queries in terms of the domain to which they pertain and the data they contain. We provide statistics on the queries included from each log, including the number of query executions, unique queries, as well as distributions of queries for a variety of selected characteristics. We finally discuss how the LSQ dataset is hosted and how it can be accessed and leveraged by interested parties for their use cases.","PeriodicalId":48694,"journal":{"name":"Semantic Web","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76541638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Occupant feedback enables building managers to improve occupants’ health, comfort, and satisfaction. However, acquiring continuous occupant feedback and integrating this feedback with other building information is challenging. This paper presents a scalable method to acquire continuous occupant feedback and directly integrate this with other building information. Semantic web technologies were applied to solve data interoperability issues. The Occupant Feedback Ontology was developed to describe feedback semantically. Next to this, a smartwatch app – Mintal – was developed to acquire continuous feedback on indoor environmental quality. The app gathers location, medical information, and answers on short micro surveys. Mintal applied the Occupant Feedback Ontology to directly integrate the feedback with linked building data. A case study was performed to evaluate this method. A semantic digital twin was created by integrating linked building data, sensor data, and occupant feedback. Results from SPARQL queries gave more insight into an occupant’s perceived comfort levels in the Open Flat. The case study shows how integrating feedback with building information allows for more occupant-centric decision support tools. The approach presented in this paper can be used in a wide range of use cases, both within and without the architecture, building, and construction domain.
{"title":"Creating occupant-centered digital twins using the Occupant Feedback Ontology implemented in a smartwatch app","authors":"Alex Donkers, B. de Vries, Dujuan Yang","doi":"10.3233/sw-223254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/sw-223254","url":null,"abstract":"Occupant feedback enables building managers to improve occupants’ health, comfort, and satisfaction. However, acquiring continuous occupant feedback and integrating this feedback with other building information is challenging. This paper presents a scalable method to acquire continuous occupant feedback and directly integrate this with other building information. Semantic web technologies were applied to solve data interoperability issues. The Occupant Feedback Ontology was developed to describe feedback semantically. Next to this, a smartwatch app – Mintal – was developed to acquire continuous feedback on indoor environmental quality. The app gathers location, medical information, and answers on short micro surveys. Mintal applied the Occupant Feedback Ontology to directly integrate the feedback with linked building data. A case study was performed to evaluate this method. A semantic digital twin was created by integrating linked building data, sensor data, and occupant feedback. Results from SPARQL queries gave more insight into an occupant’s perceived comfort levels in the Open Flat. The case study shows how integrating feedback with building information allows for more occupant-centric decision support tools. The approach presented in this paper can be used in a wide range of use cases, both within and without the architecture, building, and construction domain.","PeriodicalId":48694,"journal":{"name":"Semantic Web","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90882224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Damion M. Dooley, Magalie Weber, Liliana Ibanescu, Matthew Lange, L. Chan, L. Soldatova, Chen Yang, Robert Warren, C. Shimizu, H. Mcginty, W. Hsiao
People often value the sensual, celebratory, and health aspects of food, but behind this experience exists many other value-laden agricultural production, distribution, manufacturing, and physiological processes that support or undermine a healthy population and a sustainable future. The complexity of such processes is evident in both every-day food preparation of recipes and in industrial food manufacturing, packaging and storage, each of which depends critically on human or machine agents, chemical or organismal ingredient references, and the explicit instructions and implicit procedures held in formulations or recipes. An integrated ontology landscape does not yet exist to cover all the entities at work in this farm to fork journey. It seems necessary to construct such a vision by reusing expert-curated fit-to-purpose ontology subdomains and their relationship, material, and more abstract organization and role entities. The challenge is to make this merger be, by analogy, one language, rather than nouns and verbs from a dozen or more dialects which cannot be used directly in statements about some aspect of the farm to fork journey without expensive translation or substantial dialect education in order to understand a particular text or domain of knowledge. This work focuses on the ontology components – object and data properties and annotations – needed to model food processes or more general process modelling within the context of the Open Biological and Biomedical Ontology Foundry and congruent ontologies. Ideally these components can be brought together in a general process ontology that can be specialized not only for the food domain but for carrying out other protocols as well. Many operations involved in food identification, preparation, transportation and storage – shaking, boiling, mixing, freezing, labeling, shipping – are actually common to activities from manufacturing and laboratory work to local or home food preparation.
{"title":"Food process ontology requirements","authors":"Damion M. Dooley, Magalie Weber, Liliana Ibanescu, Matthew Lange, L. Chan, L. Soldatova, Chen Yang, Robert Warren, C. Shimizu, H. Mcginty, W. Hsiao","doi":"10.3233/sw-223096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/sw-223096","url":null,"abstract":"People often value the sensual, celebratory, and health aspects of food, but behind this experience exists many other value-laden agricultural production, distribution, manufacturing, and physiological processes that support or undermine a healthy population and a sustainable future. The complexity of such processes is evident in both every-day food preparation of recipes and in industrial food manufacturing, packaging and storage, each of which depends critically on human or machine agents, chemical or organismal ingredient references, and the explicit instructions and implicit procedures held in formulations or recipes. An integrated ontology landscape does not yet exist to cover all the entities at work in this farm to fork journey. It seems necessary to construct such a vision by reusing expert-curated fit-to-purpose ontology subdomains and their relationship, material, and more abstract organization and role entities. The challenge is to make this merger be, by analogy, one language, rather than nouns and verbs from a dozen or more dialects which cannot be used directly in statements about some aspect of the farm to fork journey without expensive translation or substantial dialect education in order to understand a particular text or domain of knowledge. This work focuses on the ontology components – object and data properties and annotations – needed to model food processes or more general process modelling within the context of the Open Biological and Biomedical Ontology Foundry and congruent ontologies. Ideally these components can be brought together in a general process ontology that can be specialized not only for the food domain but for carrying out other protocols as well. Many operations involved in food identification, preparation, transportation and storage – shaking, boiling, mixing, freezing, labeling, shipping – are actually common to activities from manufacturing and laboratory work to local or home food preparation.","PeriodicalId":48694,"journal":{"name":"Semantic Web","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87321613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Commonsense knowledge is a broad and challenging area of research which investigates our understanding of the world as well as human assumptions about reality. Deriving directly from the subjective perception of the external world, it is intrinsically intertwined with embodied cognition. Commonsense reasoning is linked to human sense-making, pattern recognition and knowledge framing abilities. This work presents a new resource that formalizes the cognitive theory of image schemas. Image schemas are dynamic conceptual building blocks originating from our sensorimotor interactions with the physical world, and enable our sense-making cognitive activity to assign coherence and structure to entities, events and situations we experience everyday. ImageSchemaNet is an ontology that aligns pre-existing resources, such as FrameNet, VerbNet, WordNet and MetaNet from the Framester hub, to image schema theory. This article describes an empirical application of ImageSchemaNet, combined with semantic parsers, on the task of annotating natural language sentences with image schemas.
{"title":"ImageSchemaNet: A framester graph for embodied commonsense knowledge","authors":"Stefano De Giorgis, Aldo Gangemi, Dagmar Gromann","doi":"10.3233/sw-223084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/sw-223084","url":null,"abstract":"Commonsense knowledge is a broad and challenging area of research which investigates our understanding of the world as well as human assumptions about reality. Deriving directly from the subjective perception of the external world, it is intrinsically intertwined with embodied cognition. Commonsense reasoning is linked to human sense-making, pattern recognition and knowledge framing abilities. This work presents a new resource that formalizes the cognitive theory of image schemas. Image schemas are dynamic conceptual building blocks originating from our sensorimotor interactions with the physical world, and enable our sense-making cognitive activity to assign coherence and structure to entities, events and situations we experience everyday. ImageSchemaNet is an ontology that aligns pre-existing resources, such as FrameNet, VerbNet, WordNet and MetaNet from the Framester hub, to image schema theory. This article describes an empirical application of ImageSchemaNet, combined with semantic parsers, on the task of annotating natural language sentences with image schemas.","PeriodicalId":48694,"journal":{"name":"Semantic Web","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75137012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Albert Navarro-Gallinad, F. Orlandi, Jennifer Scott, Mark Little, D. O’Sullivan
Environmental exposures transported across air, land and water can affect our health making us more susceptible to developing a disease. Therefore, researchers need to face the complex task of integrating environmental exposures and linking them to health events with the relevant spatiotemporal and health context for individuals or populations. We present a usability evaluation approach and study of a semantic framework (i.e. Knowledge Graph, Methodology and User Interface) to enable Health Data Researchers (HDR) to link particular health events with environmental data for rare disease research. The usability study includes 17 HDRs with expertise in health data related to Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) in Ireland and Kawasaki Disease in Japan, and with no previous practical experience in using Semantic Web (SW) technologies. The evaluation results are promising in that they indicate that the framework is useful in allowing researchers themselves to link health and environmental data whilst hiding the complexities of SW technologies. As a result of this work, we also discuss the limitations of the approach together with the applicability to other domains. Beyond the direct impact on environmental health studies, the description of the evaluation approach can guide researchers in making SW technologies more accessible to domain experts through usability studies.
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