Mycokeys最新文献

Fungi play pivotal roles in ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services. Despite their ecological importance, fungal research remains limited, particularly in tropical regions. Many tropical countries, including Honduras, still lack a comprehensive fungal checklist. To address this gap, we compiled the first fungal checklist for Honduras by collating data from Index Fungorum, MyCoPortal, the Kew Data Portal, and published literature. The resulting dataset contains 1365 species across 4011 records, of which 96.6% are true fungi and 3.4% are fungus-like organisms. Among the true fungi, 69.8% belong to Basidiomycota and 29.4% to Ascomycota. A large percentage of the records refer to plant pathogens (42.4%), reflecting a relatively high number of phytopathological studies and a focus on fungal associations with plant species. Species accumulation curves indicate that all administrative divisions (departments) of Honduras remain understudied, as none have reached saturation. This checklist is a fundamental resource tool for fungal identification and conservation planning and contributes to a broader understanding of fungal biodiversity in the region.

During a survey of helicosporous hyphomycetes in tropical regions, four fungal strains were isolated from decaying wood in terrestrial habitats of Hainan Province, China. Based on combined phylogenetic analyses of LSU, ITS, tef1-α, and rpb2 sequence data, together with morphological evidence, two novel species, Neohelicomyces terrestris and N. tropicus, are herein proposed. Comprehensive descriptions, illustrations, taxonomic notes, and phylogenetic analyses are provided to confirm the taxonomic placement. The newly described species were found in tropical rainforests, thereby expanding the known distribution of Neohelicomyces in tropical terrestrial habitats.

Helicosporous hyphomycetes are a group of fungi, characterised by coiled or spiral conidia and are known for their potential to produce bioactive secondary metabolites. During a survey of helicosporous hyphomycetes, four isolates were obtained from decaying wood in Hainan Province, southern China. Based on phylogenetic analyses of a combined dataset (ITS, LSU, tef1-α and rpb2) and morphological characteristics, two novel species, Helicotubeufia qixianlingensis and Tubeufia diaoluoshanensis, are introduced. Comprehensive descriptions, illustrations and phylogenetic analyses supporting the taxonomic placement of these new taxa are provided. Notably, H. qixianlingensis represents the first record of Helicotubeufia from a terrestrial habitat, thereby expanding the known diversity of tropical terrestrial fungi.

Two new species of Entoloma subg. Cyanula, E. qingluan and E. zilin, are described from subtropical regions of China based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence. E. qingluan is characterized by blue basidiomata, paler greyish-blue lamellae with a poliopus-type lamella edge, and pileipellis cells containing dark brown vacuolar pigments. E. zilin features a greyish-magenta scaly pileus with a bluish lamella edge adjacent to the stipe, a blue stipe, fertile lamella edges, and predominantly 2-spored basidia. Both species are assigned to subg. Cyanula sect. Asprella based on their striate or squamulose pileus, blue stipe, and fertile or poliopus-type lamella edge. Detailed descriptions, color photos, and scanning electron micrographs of spores are presented.

Two new species of lichens, Cora neoparabovei Oset, Flakus & Guzow-Krzem. and C. neopseudobovei Oset, Flakus & Guzow-Krzem., are described based on material collected in Bolivia. The study is based on morphological and anatomical examinations, molecular phylogenetic analysis and haplotype network analysis of the nuITS rDNA sequences. Phenotypically, Cora neoparabovei is characterised by the long, concentrically arranged setae on the surface of the thallus and densely pilose margins, whereas in C. neopseudobovei the diagnostic features are the brown upper surface thallus when fresh, pale yellow to orange-yellow when dry, with slightly visible concentric colour zonation when dry and also with involute, creamy white margins. In addition, three species, i.e., Cora arcabucana B. Moncada, C. Rodr. & Lücking, C. cuzcoensis Holgado, Rivas Plata & Perlmutter, and C. undulata L.Y. Vargas, B. Moncada & Lücking, are reported as new to Bolivia. New records of C. aspera Wilk, Lücking & E. Morales from Bolivia are reported.

Based on morphological, chemical and phylogenetic analyses, three species of Ochrolechia collected from Guizhou, China, are described as new to science and named Ochrolechia guizhouensis, O. kuankuoshuiensis and O. leigongshanensis. Phylogenetic trees, based on ITS and mtSSU loci, were constructed using Maximum Likelihood analysis (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) methods. Ochrolechia guizhouensis and O. akagiensis are positioned close to each other in the phylogenetic tree. Ochrolechia guizhouensis is morphologically characterised by its apothecia which feature rugose to rosulate, epruinose discs resembling a floral structure. Chemically, the apothecia contain gyrophoric acid, lecanoric acid and lichesterinic acid, while the thallus contains only gyrophoric acid and lecanoric acid. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that Ochrolechia kuankuoshuiensis is closely related to O. parellula and is distinguished by its light yellow, epruinose, deeply rugose apothecial discs, the production of gyrophoric acid and lecanoric acid and the largest ascospores known in the genus. Ochrolechia leigongshanensis forms an isolated phylogenetic branch which is characterised by a soraliate thallus and apothecia with a ring of smooth, salmon-pink tissue on the inner margin. The discs are epruinose to lightly pruinose and plane. The thallus contains gyrophoric acid, lecanoric acid and a trace of atranorin, while the apothecia contain only gyrophoric acid and lecanoric acid. Additionally, O. subrosella and O. longispora were successfully sequenced for the first time and represent the first records from Guizhou Province. We found one specimen, which phylogenetically groups with O. trochophora, but is characterised by the presence of soralia, indicating that O. trochophora might be morphologically more variable than previously thought. Colour photographs are provided for all the above-mentioned species.

During a survey of microfungi associated with Pueraria in the Xizang Autonomous Region, China, three saprobic taxa were isolated from the dead vines of Pueraria sp. Based on morphological characteristics and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses, the three taxa are identified as new species, viz., Hermatomyces nyingchiensis, H. xizangensis, and Rhytidhysteron xizangense. Morphological descriptions and illustrations of these new collections, along with a synopsis of Hermatomyces species, are provided.

During an investigation of fungal diversity in Guangxi and Yunnan provinces, two interesting hyphomycetes were collected and isolated. Based on morphology, these hyphomycetes were similar to Periconia-like taxa. To confirm their classification, morphological characterization and multigene phylogenetic inference (using LSU, ITS, SSU, and tef1-α) were employed. Based on phylogenetic analyses, our two collections clustered within Periconia (Periconiaceae) as distinct two taxa, and morphological analyses also confirmed that they are new species of Periconia. Periconia guangxiense sp. nov. formed a well-supported monophyletic lineage (92% ML/1.00 PP) sister to P. variicolor, but morphologically, it is distinguishable by its branched, micronematous to semi-macronematous conidiophores. While Periconia xishuangbannaensis sp. nov. formed a distinct lineage closely related to P. guangxiense; it is distinguished by its macronematous conidiophores and dark brown conidia. This study highlights the role of unique habitats in driving fungal diversity and contributes to the taxonomic refinement of the Periconia genus.

This study investigates the taxonomic identity of Leiwan (), a traditional medicinal fungus used in Chinese herbal medicine. Over the past two decades, 21 specimens were collected from herbal markets and through extensive field surveys across multiple provinces in China. Both morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal that Leiwan originates from multi-evolutionary lineages, represented by at least three distinct species: Gerronema brunneosquamulosum (), G. sinense sp. nov. () and Moniliophthora sclerotium sp. nov. (). We confirm that G. brunneosquamulosum is a valid name for the traditional Chinese medicine Leiwan and propose G. lapidescens as its synonym. Furthermore, M. sclerotium is the first report of a sclerotium-forming species within this genus, marking a significant expansion of its known ecological and morphological diversity. This study provides a taxonomic framework for Leiwan, establishing a scientific basis for future mycological and pharmacological research.

Curvularia, a cosmopolitan fungal genus, occupies various ecological niches, but displays a pronounced tendency to colonise the leaves of plants. In this study, several fungal isolates with similar characteristics in the genus Curvularia were collected from leaf spots of turfgrasses (Cynodon dactylon and Lolium perenne) in Jiangsu Province, China. Based on the morphological characteristics and three locus phylogeny of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genes, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and translation elongation factor-1 alpha (tef1), five new species in Curvularia: C. cynodontis, C. herbicola, C. loliicola, C. nanjingensis and C. xuanwuensis, are described hereby. The present study contributes to the understanding of species diversity, taxonomy and phylogeny of Curvularia species in China.