Mycokeys最新文献

Colletotrichum species can function as plant pathogens, saprobes or endophytes on a wide variety of plant hosts and are considered amongst the ten most significant genera of plant pathogens globally. China contributes almost half the walnut production in the world. However, Colletotrichum species occurring on walnut remain largely unresolved in China. To explore the Colletotrichum species found on walnut in China, 470 walnut fruit or leaf samples with anthracnose were collected from 14 main walnut-producing regions across seven provinces. A total of 165 Colletotrichum strains were isolated from these samples. The Colletotrichum isolates were identified, based on morphological characteristics and sequence analyses of ACT, CHS-1, GAPDH, ITS and TUB2. Twelve species, including 11 known Colletotrichum species (C.boninense, C.citrulli, C.fioriniae, C.fructicola, C.godetiae, C.juglandicola, C.karsti, C.mengyinense, C.pandanicola, C.peakense and C.siamense) and a novel species (C.chinensis sp. nov.) were identified. The species distribution revealed regional prevalence as follows: C.mengyinense was the most dominant species in Gansu, C.mengyinense and C.siamense in Shandong, C.chinensis in Beijing, C.pandanicola in Shaanxi and C.godetiae in Yunnan. Colletotrichumsiamense was the sole species isolated in Sichuan and Xinjiang Provinces. Koch's postulates were fulfilled, demonstrating that all 12 species cause anthracnose on walnut. This is the first report of C.boninense, C.citrulli and C.karsti as pathogens of walnut anthracnose worldwide.

The widely treated order Capnodiales is one of the most important orders in the class Dothideomycetes. Recently, the order Capnodiales s. lat. was reassessed and split into seven orders (Capnodiales s. str., Cladosporiales, Comminutisporales, Mycosphaerellales, Neophaeothecales, Phaeothecales and Racodiales) based on multi-locus phylogeny, morphology and life strategies. In this study, two Arthrocatena strains isolated from sooty mould communities on the leaves of Tiliacordata and needles of Pinusnigra in southern Poland were analyzed. Multi-locus phylogenetic analyses (ITS-LSU-SSU-rpb2-tef1) along with morphological examination showed that they belong to Capnobotryellaantalyensis, which represents a sister taxon to Arthrocatenatenebrosa. Capnobotryellaantalyensis is a rock-inhabiting fungus described from Turkey. The following new combination is proposed: Arthrocatenaantalyensis. Phylogenetic analyses also showed that Arthrocatena and related genus Hyphoconis, both known previously only from rocks, form a sister lineage to orders Cladosporiales and Comminutisporales. The new order Arthrocatenales and new family Arthrocatenaceae are proposed to this clade. Representatives of this order are extremophilic fungi that live on rocks and in sooty mould communities.

During a survey of the diversity of lignicolous fungi in Yunnan Province, China, we collected and identified five microfungi species from dead woody litters of Castanopsis trees in terrestrial habitats. Through both morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analyses of multi-gene sequences, we identified two taxa as new species and three collections as new host records within Pleosporales. Pseudolophiostomalincangense sp. nov. is introduced as a sexual morph in Lophiostomataceae, Pleopunctumbaoshanense sp. nov. is introduced as a hyphomycetous fungi in Phaeoseptaceae, and Paraphomaaquatica as a first report of sexual morph in Paraphoma. In addition, Occultibambusakunmingensis and Pleopunctummegalosporum were isolated for the first time from the dead twigs of Castanopsisdelavayi and C.calathiformis, respectively. Comprehensive morphological descriptions, illustrations, and phylogenetic analysis results are provided for the above-mentioned species.

Clavulina possesses important ecological and economic value and has attracted extensive attention from mycologists. Macrofungal diversity is high in China, but Clavulina species have not been thoroughly studied. In this study, based on morphological evidence and phylogenetic analyses of the nucleotide sequences of three loci (nrITS, nrLSU, and rpb2), three new species of Clavulina from North China were identified. Morphologically, Clavulinachengdeensis is characterized by its white to dirty white basidiomata with somewhat pale orange tips and somewhat wrinkled hymenium. Clavulinagriseoviolacea is characterized by its gray to dark grayish violet basidiomata, with a sometimes-white stipe base, monopodial or irregularly polychotomous toward branch apices. Clavulinapallida is characterized by its white to pale cream white basidiomata with somewhat orange tips. Phylogenetically, the three new species form three independent branches with high support values in the phylogenetic tree.

Three new species of Phaeoclavulina from China are described: Phaeoclavulinabicolor, P.echinoflava, and P.jilinensis. Recognition of the new species is supported by morphological and molecular evidence. Phylogenetic analyses of concatenated ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and nuclear large subunit sequences support the establishment of the new species and their placement within the Phaeoclavulina clade. A key to the known Phaeoclavulina species in China is provided.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.103.107935.].

Three new species belonging to Basidiomycota from southwestern China are described based on morphological and molecular data. Campanophyllummicrosporum is morphologically characterized by dorsally pseudostipitate, pale orange to brownish orange pileus, excentric to lateral pseudostipe, crowded lamellae, cylindrical-ellipsoid basidiospores 3.0-4.2 × 1.7-2.2 µm, narrowly clavate to clavate basidia 14.5-23.0 × 3.0-4.2 µm, and cylindrical to clavate cheilocystidia 22.0-55.0 × 5.0-10.8 µm. Caloceramultiramosa is morphologically characterized by stipitate, yellowish to orange, dendroid, and dichotomously branched basidiomata, cylindrical to clavate basidia 36.5-52.5 × 3.8-6.1 µm, navicular or reniform, 1-5-septate mature basidiospores 10.4-16.7 × 5.2-7.4 µm. Dacrymycesnaematelioides is morphologically characterized by stipitate and cerebriform, orange to light brown basidiomata, cylindrical to clavate, smooth or roughened basidia 38.5-79.5 × 6.5-10.6 µm, broadly and elliptic-fusiform, 7-septate mature basidiospores 18.5-28.6 × 8.9-13.8 µm. These three new species are supported by the phylogenetic analyses using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) analyses with combined nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large ribosomal subunit (LSU) sequences. Full descriptions and photographs of these new species are provided.

Two new species Laccariapseudoalba and L.subroseoalbescens are described and illustrated, based on morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analysis. Two new records, Laccariaumbilicata and L.yunnanensis from Thailand, are also reported. Laccariasubroseoalbescens is characterized by small basidiomata, stipe equal with an enlarged base, and nearly subclavate, pale pink to light orange. Laccariapseudoalba is characterized by pale orange to orange white pileus, has umbo when young on the pileus, and fistulose stipe of the pale to pastel red color. Phylogenetic analysis based on sequence data from rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA (ITS), nuc 28S rDNA (28S), RNA polymerase II subunit 2 (rpb2), and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α) are provided as further evidence. Molecular analysis confirms the phylogenetic positions of the two new species and two new records. The differences in characteristics of these two new species and closely related species are discussed herein.