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Diaporthe species are known as endophytes, saprobes and pathogens infecting a wide range of plants and resulting in important crop diseases. In the present study, four strains of Diaporthe were obtained from diseased leaves of Bauhiniavariegata in Guangdong Province, China. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted to identify these strains using five gene regions: internal transcribed spacer (ITS), calmodulin (cal), histone H3 (his3), translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1) and β-tubulin (tub2). The results combined with morphology revealed two new species of Diaporthe named D.bauhiniicola in D.arecae species complex and D.guangzhouensis in D.sojae species complex.

Asexual species of Tubeufiaceae are characterised as helicosporous hyphomycetes and are abundantly discovered in tropical and subtropical regions. The present study collected helicosporous fungal samples from rotting tissues of Caryotamitis, Elaeisguineensis and E.oleifera in Xishuangbanna, Yunan Province, China. Fungal isolates were identified, based on the morphological characteristics and multi-gene phylogeny with DNA sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), part of the large subunit nuclear rRNA gene (LSU), translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (tef 1-α) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit gene (rpb2). Herein, we introduce three new species viz. Helicomaoleifera, Neohelicosporiumguineensis and N.xishuangbannaensis. In addition, we introduce two new host records of Helicomaguttulatum and H.rufum on Caryotamitis. The illustrations of all identified species, detailed descriptions and in-depth phylogenetic analyses are provided. Our results add new knowledge of fungal species associated with palm hosts in southern China. Moreover, our data will contribute to the biodiversity of fungi in tropical China.

The genus Dendrostoma is known to inhabit tree barks associated with branch canker diseases in China and several countries of Europe. Previous studies indicated that species of Dendrostoma prefer inhabiting fagaceous hosts, especially species of Castanea. In the present study, we obtained four isolates from cankered branches of Chinese chestnut (C.mollissima) in Rizhao City, Shandong Province, China. Morphological comparisons and phylogenetical analyses of a combined ITS-tef1-rpb2 sequence matrix were conducted, which revealed two new species named Dendrostomarizhaoense sp. nov. and D.tianii sp. nov. The new taxa are compared with other Dendrostoma species and comprehensive descriptions and illustrations are provided herein.

Nectriaceae is a highly diverse family, and members have a worldwide distribution, particularly in warm temperate to tropical regions. During the survey of fungal diversity in different habitats in Yunnan province, China, two new species isolated from soil and air respectively, namely Atractiumyunnanense sp. nov. and Nalanthamalaxishuangbannaensis sp. nov., were proposed based on morphological comparisons and the multi-gene phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, rpb2, and tub2 sequence data. Phylogenetically, both species clustered in a monophyletic clade within Nectriaceae with strong support. A.yunnanense is characterized by synnematous conidiophores, pale olivaceous-green, clavate to oblong-ellipsoidal, multi-septate conidia, and pale olivaceous-green chlamydospores. N.xishuangbannaensis has acremonium-like or penicillium-like conidiophores and either obovate or ellipsoidal, cylindrical or fusiform conidia. Full descriptions, illustrations, and a phylogenetic tree showing the phylogenetic position of the two new species were provided.

Metacampanella is an important genus in the Marasmiaceae family. We collected specimens during our investigations in China and Mongolia. Through morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses, we identified two new species of this genus: Metacampanellasubtricolor and Metacampanellacoprophila. In addition, we identified Metacampanellatricolor as a novel combination. Molecular systematic studies support these results. Illustrated descriptions, taxonomic discussions, and keys to the genus are provided.

Phylogenetic analysis of four DNA regions (ITS, LSU, mtSSU and tef1α) supported the existence of five European Taphrina species which colonise Alnus in Europe. In addition to previously well-defined species, T.viridis is, for the first time recognised, by molecular study as a species related to T.sadebeckii. Analysis of publicly available sequences of barcoding regions suggested that T.viridis is only associated with A.alnobetula and no other Taphrina species colonize this host tree. Symptomatic, morphological, and physiological characterisation of T.viridis are provided together with the key for identification of Alnus associated Taphrina species in Europe and North America.

Molecular phylogeny and morphological characteristics of collections of diatrypaceous fungi from Guizhou Province, China, lead to the establishment of a new genus, Stromatolinea, and the identification of four new species and two new combinations. The taxa were found growing on the dead culms of Phyllostachys bamboo. The new genus is distinguished by its well-developed, discrete linear stromata with yellow interior tissue and allantoid subhyaline ascospores. The newly described species are Stromatolineagrisea, S.guizhouensis, S.hydei, and S.xishuiensis. Additionally, two new combinations, Stromatolinealinearis and S.phaselina, are proposed based on comparative analysis and morphology. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using ITS and TUB2 sequences. The study includes comprehensive morphological descriptions, illustrations, and a phylogenetic tree depicting the placement of the new taxa.

This study presents the identification of four novel Xylaria species, discovered in the karst region of China. The discovery was facilitated by a rigorous analysis that encompassed both morpho-anatomical features and multi-locus phylogenetics utilizing sequences from the ITS, rpb2, and TUB2 loci. The newly identified species are designated as Xylariajichuanii sp. nov., X.nanningensis sp. nov., X.orientalis sp. nov., and X.taiyangheensis sp. nov. The distinction of these species from their known counterparts was verified through comparison of morphological features and phylogenetic analysis. The study further provides detailed morphological descriptions, illustrative representations, and a phylogenetic tree, all of which contribute to the taxonomic positioning of these novel species.

Colletotrichum species are significant pathogens of various economic plant hosts worldwide. In this study, 45 Colletotrichum isolates were obtained from symptomatic walnut leaves of walnut anthracnose in Shaanxi and Sichuan Provinces. In conjunction with morphological evidence and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), actin (act), chitin synthase 1 (chs1), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) and beta-tubulin (tub2) sequences support the introduction of three new species, namely Colletotrichumcordae, C.guangyuanense and C.juglandium. Five species of Colletotrichum were identified to be C.fioriniae of the C.acutatum species complex, C.karsti of the C.boninense species complex, C.gloeosporioides, C.mengyinense and C.siamense of the C.gloeosporioides species complex. The three new species are described and illustrated in this paper and compared with taxa in the Colletotrichumgloeosporioides species complex. The current results improve the understanding of Colletotrichum species causing walnut anthracnose in China.

The wood-inhabiting fungi play an integral role in wood degradation and the cycle of matter in the ecological system. They are considered as the "key player" in wood decomposition, because of their ability to produce lignocellulosic enzymes that break down woody lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. In the present study, four new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Adustochaetealbomarginata, Ad.punctata, Alloexidiopsisgrandinea and Al.xantha collected from southern China, are proposed, based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Adustochaetealbomarginata is characterised by resupinate basidiomata with cream to buff, a smooth, cracked, hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and subcylindrical to allantoid basidiospores (12-17.5 × 6.5-9 µm). Adustochaetepunctata is characterised by resupinate basidiomata with cream, a smooth, punctate hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and subcylindrical to allantoid basidiospores (13.5-18 × 6-8.2 µm). Alloexidiopsisgrandinea is characterised by resupinate basidiomata with buff to slightly yellowish, a grandinioid hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and allantoid basidiospores (10-12.3 × 5-5.8 µm). Additionally, Alloexidiopsisxantha is characterised by resupinate basidiomata with cream to slightly buff, a smooth hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and subcylindrical to allantoid basidiospores measuring 20-24 × 5-6.2 µm. Sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and the large subunit (nrLSU) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) markers of the studied samples were generated. Phylogenetic analyses were performed with the Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Inference methods. The phylogram, based on the ITS+nLSU rDNA gene regions, revealed that four new species were assigned to the genera Adustochaete and Alloexidiopsis within the order Auriculariales, individually. The phylogenetic tree inferred from the ITS sequences highlighted that Ad.albomarginata was retrieved as a sister to Ad.yunnanensis and the species Ad.punctata was sister to Ad.rava. The topology, based on the ITS sequences, showed that Al.grandinea was retrieved as a sister to Al.schistacea and the taxon Al.xantha formed a monophyletic lineage. Furthermore, two identification keys to Adustochaete and Alloexidiopsis worldwide are provided.