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This study describes two collections of saprobic gilled mushrooms morphologically identified as Psathyrella and collected in Qujing, Yunnan Province, China. Based on multi-gene phylogenetic analyses of nrITS, nrLSU, and tef-1α sequences, two collections were confirmed to belong to the Psathyrella sections Atomatae and Hydrophilae. Morphologically, Psathyrella qujinguniversitatica (Psathyrella sect. Atomatae) is characterized by small basidiomata, a beige to light brown pileus, large basidiospores, and partially thick-walled cheilocystidia, while P. yunnanensis (Psathyrella sect. Hydrophilae) is characterized by a pileus that gradually changes from orange-brown to lighter towards the margin, with the edge light brown to brown, distinct striations, a fibrillose veil, larger basidia, and partially thick-walled cheilocystidia. Descriptions, illustrations, and phylogenetic analyses of the two new species are provided. In addition, the present study updates the number of Psathyrella species reported from China to 55, along with their known distribution.

Wood-rotting fungi, which are essential constituents of forest ecosystems, act as critical mediators of organic matter decomposition and material recycling within such systems. During the investigation of wood-inhabiting fungi in Hainan, China, a large number of specimens were collected. Two new species are described, based on phylogeny, morphology, host and geographic distribution. Dentipellicula hainanensis sp. nov. is characterised by resupinate, soft corky and tomentose basidiomata, uneven pileal surface and ellipsoid basidiospores (2.8-)3-4.7(-5.2) × 3.2-4.2(-4.4) µm. Phylloporia rigida sp. nov. is characterised by tough, fawn to reddish-brown basidiomata and ellipsoid basidiospores 2.3-4.5 × 2.2-3.8 µm. Detailed illustrations and descriptions of the novel species are provided. Phylogenetic analyses inferred from the combined ITS + nLSU datasets confirmed that the two new species are distinct within Dentipellicula and Phylloporia.

Species of Hyphoderma are important wood-inhabiting fungi and play a crucial role in forest ecosystems. Although species diversity within this genus has been increasingly documented in recent years, studies on its origin, evolutionary history, and biogeography remain limited. In this study, we compiled a global dataset of Hyphoderma sequences and reconstructed an updated phylogeny, divergence times, and biogeographic history of the genus Hyphoderma based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and nuclear large ribosomal subunit (nLSU) sequences. In addition, integrated morphological and phylogenetic analyses revealed five new Hyphoderma species. Molecular clock estimates indicated that the ancestor of Hyphoderma likely originated in the Cretaceous, with a mean stem age of 117.76 Mya (95% HPD = 92.38-147.74 Mya). Biogeographic reconstruction further suggested that Asia is the most probable ancestral area of Hyphoderma species. This study provides the first comprehensive inference of divergence times, biogeography, and speciation patterns within Hyphoderma.

Ancient Platycladus orientalis holds significant historical, cultural, ecological, and landscape value. Leaf blight caused by Alternaria spp. is the most common disease of P. orientalis. However, no reports are currently available on the screening and application of biocontrol agents for controlling this disease. In this study, several Trichoderma isolates were obtained from ancient P. orientalis in Beijing. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of the concatenated ITS, tef1-α and rpb2 loci, four Trichoderma species were identified, including T. citrinoviride, T. obovatum, T. nordicum, and T. platycladi. Of these, T. platycladi is a species new to science, whereas T. nordicum and T. obovatum are new host records. Plate antagonism tests showed that representative strains of the four Trichoderma species exhibited significant inhibitory effects against colonies of Alternaria alternata and A. cantlous, the causal agents of leaf blight of ancient P. orientalis. Evaluation of the control effects on 1-year-old P. orientalis seedlings showed that these Trichoderma strains significantly controlled leaf blight, and T. nordicum CGMCC3.28772 exhibited the highest relative control effect under the same inoculation conditions.

An infection event of the spittlebug Philaenus spumarius (Hemiptera, Aphrophoridae) has been described, for the first time, in northwest Italy. The causative agents were two entomopathogenic fungi belonging to Entomophthorales, specifically Zoophthora radicans and, more rarely, Batkoa major. The morphological description and molecular identification of fungi have been reported, in addition to recording meteorological data that may have affected the outbreak of the infection. When massive events are ongoing, entomopathogenic fungi really behave as determinant regulators of natural populations of arthropod pests and the possibility to stress their action in this direction should be deeply investigated.

Approximately 77% of Pseudochaetosphaeronema species have been reported from China and Thailand in terrestrial habitats. We collected and isolated fruiting bodies of ascomycetous fungi in Yunnan Province, China, from dead branches of Hevea brasiliensis. Integrating morphology with phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, SSU, and tef1-α sequence data, the strains were identified as a new species (Pseudochaetosphaeronema heveae), two new host records (P. baoshanense and P. chiangraiense), and a new collection (P. xishuangbannaense). Descriptions, illustrations, phylogenetic analysis results, and morphological comparisons with allied taxa of the four Pseudochaetosphaeronema species are provided. These findings expand the known diversity and host associations of Pseudochaetosphaeronema. In addition, based on morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic data, P. hongheense is synonymized under P. baoshanense.

In this study, we revisited Hyphodermella with the aim of circumscribing the genus, exploring its species diversity, re-evaluating the usefulness of the morphological characters used for its identification, and providing a more precise interpretation of its geographical distribution. Specimens were studied using morphological characters and molecular phylogenetic analyses of the ITS, LSU, RPB1, and RPB2 regions. The results of the concatenated phylogenetic trees based on two and four markers support the monophyly of Hyphodermella and the original description of the genus. Morphological and molecular evidence delimit six clades and one singleton within the Hyphodermella core; three of these correspond to species already described, Hyphodermella corrugata, H. maunakeaensis, and H. rosae, and three correspond to new species, Hyphodermella paulusiae sp. nov., H. ryvardenii sp. nov., and H. salcedoae sp. nov., which are described in this paper.

Pseudocosmospora species typically occur on stromata of diatrypaceous and xylariaceous fungi and are mainly distributed in tropical and temperate areas. Some of them play important roles in biomedicine and agriculture due to their production of bioactive secondary metabolites. In this study, Pseudocosmospora chlamydospora sp. nov. and P. chloroxantha sp. nov. from Beijing, China are described based on morphological features and phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, tub2, rpb1 and tef1-α sequences. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of the novel taxa are provided, and their distinctions from close relatives are discussed.

Pestalotioid fungi occurring as plant pathogens, endophytes, or saprophytes exhibit a wide range of plant hosts. During our ongoing mycological surveys in southern China, 21 strains of Pestalotiopsis were isolated from diseased leaves of terrestrial plants. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS, tef1-α, and tub2 sequence data were performed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference to reveal their taxonomic placement within Pestalotiopsis. Both molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological comparisons supported them as five new species of Pestalotiopsis, namely P. acericola, P. corchorifolii, P. fraseri, P. goeppertiae, and P. koelreuteriae, and one known species, P. machiliana. This study supplements the species diversity of Pestalotiopsis associated with multiple hosts in southern China.

In this study, three new basidiomycetous yeast species of the genus Vishniacozyma are proposed for strains isolated from soil, Scolytus scolytus frass, fruits and kombucha tea. A complex analysis of the new isolates together with the described species by genetic, phylogenetic, MALDI-TOF MS profiling and phenotypic characterization revealed significant differences, allowing us to propose three new species: V. pseudofoliicola sp. nov. (holotype KBP Y-7396T, MycoBank no.: MB861627), V. kombuchae sp. nov. (holotype KBP Y-7350T, MycoBank no.: MB861628) and V. fructicola sp. nov. (holotype KBP Y-6599T, MycoBank no.: MB861629). These descriptions contribute to the expansion of knowledge regarding species diversity of the genus Vishniacozyma.